CN113587107A - Household garbage pyrolysis system and pyrolysis method - Google Patents
Household garbage pyrolysis system and pyrolysis method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113587107A CN113587107A CN202110907787.XA CN202110907787A CN113587107A CN 113587107 A CN113587107 A CN 113587107A CN 202110907787 A CN202110907787 A CN 202110907787A CN 113587107 A CN113587107 A CN 113587107A
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/60—Separating
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a pyrolysis system and a pyrolysis method for household garbage, and belongs to the technical field of garbage treatment. According to the household garbage pyrolysis system and the pyrolysis method, organic matters in the household garbage can be pyrolyzed into combustible small molecular gas (pyrolysis gas) and pyrolytic carbon through the steps of screening, crushing, drying, press forming, pyrolyzing and the like, and the obtained pyrolysis gas is used as fuel gas to provide heat energy for next garbage pyrolysis or is used as fuel gas after filling, so that pollution-free treatment of the household garbage is realized, and energy is saved; the pyrolytic carbon has compact composition, high density and high heat value and can be used as fuel. Solves the problems of slow degradation and environmental pollution of plastic organic products, avoids the problem of dioxin generation in the waste incineration technology, and has good social and environmental benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, in particular to a household garbage pyrolysis system and a pyrolysis method.
Background
The traditional methods for treating the domestic garbage comprise landfill, incineration and the like, but the landfill can not realize the reduction and the harmlessness of the garbage treatment, and needs to occupy a large amount of cultivated land resources, in addition, the pollution of leachate in the garbage to surrounding groundwater is long-term, and although the reduction can be realized by the garbage incineration, dioxin is easily generated in the incineration process;
the pyrolysis is a novel garbage treatment technology, and under the anaerobic or approximately anaerobic condition, organic matters are subjected to reactions such as dehydration, demethylation, cracking, dehydrogenation, condensation, hydrogenation and the like under the high-temperature heating action, not only include the bond breaking and isomerization of chemical bonds of macromolecules, but also include the polymerization reaction of micromolecules, and finally are converted into substances such as combustible gas, oil, solid carbon and the like, so that dioxin cannot be generated in the pyrolysis treatment process, and renewable resources with practical values can be generated, and the method has very good social benefits.
However, the existing pyrolysis-treated domestic garbage is mainly used for removing plastic artificially-synthesized organic substances, but with the development of industrialization, the proportion of the plastic artificially-synthesized organic substances in life is getting larger, and even the domestic garbage is wrapped by plastic bags and thrown into a garbage can, so that the research on the pyrolysis process of the domestic garbage comprising the plastic artificially-synthesized organic substances is the key point of domestic garbage treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a household garbage pyrolysis system and a pyrolysis method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a household garbage pyrolysis system comprises a large crusher and a pyrolysis furnace, wherein a grab bucket is arranged at the upper end of the large crusher, the large crusher is connected with a magnetic separator through a belt feeding machine, a side outlet of the magnetic separator is connected with a metal bin, a non-metal feed opening is formed in the bottom of the magnetic separator, a crusher is arranged at the lower end of the non-metal feed opening, the crusher is connected with an air separator, an inorganic feed opening is formed in the bottom of the air separator, and a side outlet of the air separator is connected with a fine crusher;
the pyrolysis furnace comprises a pyrolysis chamber, the pyrolysis chamber is connected with a combustion chamber, two rows of burners are arranged in the combustion chamber, a fuel gas inlet and an oxygen inlet are formed in the burners, the oxygen inlet is connected with an air fan, the side wall of the pyrolysis chamber is a heating wall, the heating wall is connected with a smoke dust processor through the fan, and the other end of the smoke dust processor is connected with a chimney; a tar catalyst is arranged above the pyrolysis chamber and is connected with the gas storage cabinet through a gas outlet pipeline, and a first explosion-proof fan is arranged on the gas outlet pipeline;
the tar catalyst is filled with a tar cracking catalyst.
Preferably, the other side of the gas storage cabinet is connected with a gas inlet of the burner through a second explosion-proof fan.
Preferably, the tar cracking catalyst is calcined dolomite, biomass charcoal and nickel-based gamma-Al2O3The catalyst is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 5-7: 2-4: 1, preparing a composition; further preferably, the tar cracking catalyst is calcined dolomite, biomass charcoal and nickel-based gamma-Al2O3The catalyst is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass 6: 3: 1.
The invention also comprises a household garbage pyrolysis method, wherein the temperature during pyrolysis is controlled as follows:
a temperature rising stage: uniformly heating the furnace to 750-850 ℃ within 3-4 hours;
and (3) a heat preservation stage: preserving the heat for 2-3 hours at 750-850 ℃;
and (3) cooling: uniformly cooling the furnace temperature from 750-850 ℃ to 160-200 ℃ within 2-3 hours.
Preferably, screening out organic garbage from the household garbage, crushing the organic garbage to 1-5 mm, heating and drying the organic garbage, and performing pyrolysis after compression molding; wherein the density of the organic garbage after compression molding is 1010-1200 kg/m3。
Further preferred is a household garbage pyrolysis method, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, conveying household garbage into a large crusher through a grab bucket, crushing the household garbage into small garbage, conveying the small garbage to a magnetic separator for magnetic separation through a belt feeding machine, connecting the metal garbage to a metal bin through a side outlet of the magnetic separator for removal, conveying the rest garbage into a crusher arranged at the lower end of a non-metal discharging opening, crushing the garbage through the crusher, and conveying the garbage into a winnowing machine to remove inorganic garbage and only keep organic garbage;
secondly, the organic garbage reserved in the step I enters a fine crusher through a side outlet of a winnowing machine, is crushed to be 1-5 mm in the fine crusher, is heated, dried and pressed to be formed, is put into a pyrolysis chamber in a pyrolysis furnace to be subjected to anaerobic pyrolysis and tar catalytic pyrolysis treatment to obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis carbon, an exhaust port is reserved on the pyrolysis chamber, and the obtained pyrolysis gas is exhausted from the exhaust port and is sucked into a gas storage cabinet through a first explosion-proof fan after passing through an exhaust pipeline;
wherein the temperature during pyrolysis is controlled as follows:
a temperature rising stage: uniformly heating the furnace to 750-850 ℃ within 3-4 hours;
and (3) a heat preservation stage: preserving the heat for 2-3 hours at 750-850 ℃;
and (3) cooling: uniformly reducing the furnace temperature from 750-850 ℃ to 160-200 ℃ within 2-3 hours;
the pyrolytic carbon is discharged from the furnace door after the temperature reduction stage is finished.
Preferably, the compression molding is to press the crushed and dried garbage into a spherical shape, a rod shape or a block shape with the volume of 4-25 cubic centimeters in an oil press.
Preferably, pyrolysis gas in the gas holder is sucked to the gas inlet of the burner through the second explosion-proof fan, is mixed with oxygen at the oxygen inlet, and is combusted in the combustion chamber to provide pyrolysis heat for the pyrolysis chamber.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the household garbage pyrolysis system and the pyrolysis method, organic matters in the household garbage can be pyrolyzed into combustible small molecular gas (pyrolysis gas) and pyrolytic carbon through the steps of screening, crushing, drying, press forming, pyrolyzing and the like, and the obtained pyrolysis gas is used as fuel gas to provide heat energy for next garbage pyrolysis or is used as fuel gas after filling, so that pollution-free treatment of the household garbage is realized, and energy is saved; the pyrolytic carbon has compact composition, high density and high heat value and can be used as fuel.
The household garbage pyrolysis system and the pyrolysis method solve the problems of slow degradation and environmental pollution of plastic organic products, avoid the problem of dioxin generation in the garbage incineration technology, and have good social benefit and environmental benefit.
According to the household garbage pyrolysis system and the pyrolysis method, the pyrolysis process is carried out under the anaerobic condition, so that the pyrolysis process is clean and sanitary, no dust and fly ash are generated, no dioxin is generated, and secondary pollution of garbage treatment to the environment is avoided; the pyrolysis is complete, the garbage can be fully recycled, and the resource utilization rate is high; harmful components such as heavy metals in the organic waste are solidified in the pyrolytic carbon, and since the pyrolytic process is carried out under reducing conditions, Cr is contained in the pyrolytic carbon3+(non-toxic) does not convert to Cr6+(non-toxic), safe and environment-friendly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the connection of an apparatus for pretreating garbage in a pyrolysis system for domestic garbage;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the connection of an apparatus for pyrolyzing waste in the pyrolysis system for domestic waste;
reference numerals: 1 big piece breaker, 2 pyrolysis ovens, 3 grab buckets, 4 belt material loading machines, 5 magnet separators, 6 metal feed bins, 8 nonmetal feed openings, 9 crushers, 10 air separators, 11 inorganic matter feed openings, 12 fine crushers, 13 air blowers, 24 heating walls, 15 smoke and dust processors, 16 chimneys, 17 tar catalysts, 18 gas storage cabinets, 191 first explosion-proof fans, 192 second explosion-proof fans, 21 pyrolysis chambers, 22 combustion chambers, 23 burners.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to provide a domestic garbage pyrolysis system and a pyrolysis method, which are realized by the following technical scheme:
a household garbage pyrolysis system comprises a large crusher 1 and a pyrolysis furnace 2, wherein a grab bucket 3 is arranged at the upper end of the large crusher 1, the large crusher 1 is connected with a magnetic separator 5 through a belt feeding machine 4, a side outlet of the magnetic separator 5 is connected with a metal bin 6, a nonmetal feed opening 8 is formed in the bottom of the magnetic separator 5, a crusher 9 is arranged at the lower end of the nonmetal feed opening 8, the crusher 9 is connected with a winnowing machine 10, an inorganic matter feed opening 11 is formed in the bottom of the winnowing machine 10, and a side outlet of the winnowing machine 10 is connected with a fine crusher 12;
the pyrolysis furnace 2 comprises a pyrolysis chamber 21, the pyrolysis chamber 21 is connected with a combustion chamber 22, two rows of burners 23 are arranged in the combustion chamber 22, a fuel gas inlet and an oxygen gas inlet are formed in each burner 23, the oxygen gas inlet is connected with an air fan 13, a heating wall 24 is arranged on the side wall of the pyrolysis chamber 21, the heating wall 24 is connected with a smoke dust processor 15 through a fan 14, and the other end of the smoke dust processor 15 is connected with a chimney 16; a tar catalyst 17 is arranged above the pyrolysis chamber 21, the tar catalyst 17 is connected with the gas storage cabinet 18 through a gas outlet pipeline, and a first explosion-proof fan 191 is arranged on the gas outlet pipeline; the tar catalyst 17 is filled with a tar cracking catalyst.
Further, the other side of the gas holder 18 is connected to the gas inlet of the burner via a second explosion-proof blower 192, so that the pyrolysis gas generated by the present invention can be combusted in the combustion chamber 22 to provide heat for the pyrolysis chamber 21.
Preferably, the tar cracking catalyst is calcined dolomite, biomass charcoal and nickel-based gamma-Al2O3The catalyst is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 5-7: 2-4: 1, preparing a composition; further preferably, the tar cracking catalyst is calcined dolomite, biomass charcoal and nickel-based gamma-Al2O3The catalyst is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass 6: 3: 1.
The invention also comprises a household garbage pyrolysis method, wherein the temperature during pyrolysis is controlled as follows:
a temperature rising stage: uniformly heating the furnace to 750-850 ℃ within 3-4 hours;
and (3) a heat preservation stage: preserving the heat for 2-3 hours at 750-850 ℃;
and (3) cooling: uniformly cooling the furnace temperature from 750-850 ℃ to 160-200 ℃ within 2-3 hours.
The pyrolysis temperature is set, the device is suitable for pyrolyzing various organic wastes including plastic wastes, and the thermal stress damage of the furnace body caused by too fast temperature rise and too large temperature difference of the furnace body is avoided by controlling the rising and falling speed of the furnace temperature; the temperature is slowly increased in the initial stage, so that residual moisture in the material can be completely evaporated, and the quality of the middle-section pyrolysis gas is improved; because organic matters in the garbage are complex in composition, different in molecular structure, different in pyrolysis speed, different in heat capacity ratio and different in heat absorption speed, some organic matters are pyrolyzed at low temperature and some organic matters can be pyrolyzed at high temperature, even some organic matters are pyrolyzed into macromolecular organic gas or tar at the low temperature section and are further catalytically pyrolyzed into micromolecular combustible gas at the high temperature section; the pyrolysis temperature is set, a certain pyrolysis temperature gradient is formed according to the complexity of the organic matter components of the garbage, and the pyrolysis efficiency can be improved.
Compared with the existing medium-temperature pyrolysis, the high-temperature pyrolysis is more thorough, micromolecular organic gas is easier to generate, the amount of generated tar is small, the pyrolysis efficiency is high, and the pyrolysis time is shortened. The chlorine-containing organic matters in the garbage can easily generate dioxin under the catalytic action of metal and ash at low temperature, and the dioxin can be greatly avoided by high-temperature pyrolysis. Therefore, the high-temperature pyrolysis is more environment-friendly than the medium-temperature pyrolysis, and the pressure of subsequent equipment for treating pyrolysis gas and tail gas is reduced.
Preferably, screening out organic garbage from the household garbage, crushing the organic garbage to 1-5 mm, heating and drying the organic garbage, and performing pyrolysis after compression molding; the density of the original machine garbage is 160-190 kg/m3The density of the organic garbage after compression molding is 1010-1200 kg/m3The compression ratio is 5.3-7.5, and the general molding pressure is 3.5-4.1 MPa;
the compression molding is that the screened and crushed household garbage enters a drum dryer for drying treatment, enters a bin of an oil press through a feeding machine, is automatically fed into a mold by the oil press, and is then pressed into a spherical shape, a rod shape or a block shape with the volume of 4-25 cubic centimeters by the oil press under certain pressure;
the household garbage is loose and uneven, the energy density of unit volume is improved through compression molding, and the transportation, the storage and the stacking in a pyrolysis furnace are convenient; specifically, the density of the garbage is increased by compression molding, the amount of the garbage filled in unit kiln volume is greatly increased, and intensive treatment is facilitated; 2. the density of the formed carbon is about 1 ton/cubic meter, no fly ash is generated in the pyrolysis process, the subsequent smoke treatment difficulty is reduced, and the pollution is reduced; 3. plastic and other components in the garbage are not easy to adhere to the furnace wall structure during pyrolysis and melting, so that the service life of the furnace is prolonged; 4. the residual carbon of the heat engine has certain hardness, so that the residual carbon is convenient for discharging and transporting and secondary utilization.
Preferably, the household garbage pyrolysis method comprises the following steps:
firstly, conveying household garbage to a large crusher 1 through a grab bucket 3 to be crushed into small garbage, conveying the small garbage to a magnetic separator 5 through a belt feeding machine 4 for magnetic separation, wherein the metal garbage is removed by connecting a side outlet of the magnetic separator 5 with a metal bin 6, conveying the rest garbage to the lower end of a nonmetal blanking port 8, arranging a crusher 9, crushing the garbage by the crusher 9, conveying the garbage to a winnowing machine 10, removing inorganic garbage, and only keeping organic garbage;
the inorganic garbage comprises bricks, stones, glass, ceramics, metal, dregs and the like;
the organic garbage comprises plastic bags, paper-shell paperboards, waste paper, plastics, leather, fabrics, branches and the like;
secondly, the organic garbage reserved in the step I enters a fine crusher 12 through a side outlet of an air separator 10, is crushed to 1-5 mm in the fine crusher 12, is heated, dried, pressed and formed, is put into a pyrolysis furnace for anaerobic pyrolysis treatment, and is pyrolyzed under the action of high temperature to generate combustible pyrolysis gas, tar and pyrolytic carbon; (in the high temperature state, tar exists in a gas state, and is condensed into a liquid state only when pre-cooled to room temperature). At high temperature, after the tar and the pyrolysis gas pass through the tar catalyst, the tar is further cracked into small molecule combustible gas (i.e. pyrolysis gas) by the tar cracking catalyst in the tar catalyst 17, an exhaust port is reserved on the pyrolysis chamber 21, the obtained pyrolysis gas is discharged from the exhaust port, passes through an exhaust pipeline and is sucked into the gas storage cabinet 18 by the first explosion-proof fan 191;
the tar cracking catalyst is calcined dolomite, biomass charcoal and nickel-based gamma-Al2O3The catalyst is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 5-7: 2-4: 1, preparing a composition; further preferred tar cracking catalysts are doloma, biochar and nickel-based gamma-Al2O3The catalyst is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass 6: 3: 1, preparing a composition;
wherein the temperature during pyrolysis is controlled as follows:
a temperature rising stage: uniformly heating the furnace to 750-850 ℃ within 3-4 hours;
and (3) a heat preservation stage: preserving the heat for 2-3 hours at 750-850 ℃;
and (3) cooling: uniformly cooling the furnace temperature from 750-850 ℃ to 160-200 ℃ within 2-3 hours.
Because the pyrolysis material in the pyrolysis oven is the entity, and the temperature is higher, and the inside heat of material is hardly distributed out in the short time, in order to improve the efficiency of falling to the room temperature from 160 ~ 200 ℃, reduces short cooling time, and this technique adopts the temperature to reduce to 160 ~ 200 ℃ the time with the pyrolysis charcoal out of the stove, if the burning is watered out through the shower water after the pyrolysis charcoal out of the stove.
Preferably, the compression molding is to press the crushed and dried garbage into a spherical shape, a rod shape or a block shape with the volume of 4-25 cubic centimeters in an oil press;
preferably, the pyrolysis gas in the gas holder 18 is sucked to the gas inlet of the burner through the second explosion-proof fan 192, and is mixed with the oxygen in the oxygen inlet, and is combusted in the combustion chamber to provide pyrolysis heat for the pyrolysis chamber 21.
Through statistics, the main components and percentage of the household garbage pyrolysis gas are CO (15-20%) and C4H8(10～15％)、C5H11Cl(10～15％)、C6H12(2～5％)、H2(40-50%). 300-400 kg of combustible gas, 500-600 kg of pyrolytic carbon and the balance of water can be obtained from one ton of organic garbage, and the content of the water in the organic garbage is about 10 percent generally.
Example 1
A household garbage pyrolysis system comprises a large crusher 1 and a pyrolysis furnace 2, as shown in figure 1, a grab bucket 3 is arranged at the upper end of the large crusher 1, the large crusher 1 is connected with a magnetic separator 5 through a belt feeding machine 4, a side outlet of the magnetic separator 5 is connected with a metal bin 6, a nonmetal feed opening 8 is formed in the bottom of the magnetic separator 5, a crusher 9 is arranged at the lower end of the nonmetal feed opening 8, the crusher 9 is connected with an air separator 10, an inorganic material feed opening 11 is formed in the bottom of the air separator 10, and a side outlet of the air separator 10 is connected with a fine crusher 12;
as shown in fig. 2, the pyrolysis furnace 2 includes a pyrolysis chamber 21, the pyrolysis chamber 21 is connected with a combustion chamber 22, two rows of burners 23 are arranged in the combustion chamber 22, a gas inlet and an oxygen inlet are arranged on the burners 23, the oxygen inlet is connected with an air blower 13, a heating wall 24 is arranged on the side wall of the pyrolysis chamber 21, the heating wall 24 is connected with a smoke processor 15 through a blower 14, and the other end of the smoke processor 15 is connected with a chimney 16; a tar catalyst 17 is arranged above the pyrolysis chamber 21, the tar catalyst 17 is connected with the gas storage cabinet 18 through a gas outlet pipeline, a first explosion-proof fan 191 is arranged on the gas outlet pipeline, and a tar cracking catalyst is filled in the tar catalyst (17);
the tar cracking catalyst can be a tar cracking catalyst on the market or a special catalyst prepared by adopting the following mixture ratio: calcined dolomite, biomass charcoal and nickel-based gamma-Al2O3The catalyst is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 5-7: 2-4: 1 are mixed to obtain the product.
Example 2
On the basis of the device in embodiment 1, the other side of the gas storage cabinet 18 is connected with the gas inlet of the burner through the second explosion-proof fan 192, and thus, the pyrolysis gas in the gas storage cabinet 18 is sucked to the gas inlet of the burner through the second explosion-proof fan 192, is mixed with the oxygen at the oxygen inlet, is combusted in the combustion chamber, and provides pyrolysis heat for the pyrolysis chamber 21.
Example 3
The method for pyrolyzing domestic garbage by using the domestic garbage pyrolysis system in example 1 comprises the steps of using calcined dolomite, biomass charcoal and nickel-based gamma-Al as a tar cracking catalyst2O3The catalyst is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass 5: 2: 1, mixing to obtain;
the household garbage pyrolysis method comprises the following steps:
grabbing and conveying the household garbage into a large crusher 1 through a grab bucket 3, crushing the household garbage into small garbage, conveying the small garbage to a magnetic separator 5 through a belt feeding machine 4 for magnetic separation, removing the metal garbage through a side outlet of the magnetic separator 5 connected with a metal bin 6, conveying the rest garbage into a nonmetal blanking port 8, arranging a crusher 9 at the lower end of the nonmetal blanking port, crushing the garbage through the crusher 9, conveying the garbage into a winnowing machine 10, removing inorganic garbage, and only retaining organic garbage;
secondly, the remaining organic garbage enters a fine crusher 12 through a side outlet of a winnowing machine 10, is crushed to 1-5 mm in the fine crusher 12, is heated and dried, enters a roller dryer for drying treatment, enters a bin of an oil press through a feeding machine, is automatically fed into a die by an oil press, is pressed into a spherical shape, a rod shape or a block shape with the volume of 4-25 cubic centimeters by the oil press under certain pressure, is stacked into a pyrolysis chamber 21 in a pyrolysis furnace 2 for anaerobic pyrolysis and tar catalytic pyrolysis treatment to obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis charcoal for treatment, obtains the pyrolysis gas, leaves an exhaust port on the pyrolysis chamber 21, discharges the obtained pyrolysis gas through the exhaust port, and is sucked into a gas storage cabinet 18 through an exhaust fan after passing through an exhaust pipeline;
wherein the temperature during pyrolysis is controlled as follows:
a temperature rising stage: uniformly raising the furnace temperature to 750 ℃ within 3 hours;
and (3) a heat preservation stage: keeping the temperature at 750 ℃ for 2 hours;
and (3) cooling: uniformly reducing the furnace temperature from 750 ℃ to 200 ℃ within 2 hours;
cooling to 200 deg.C, discharging pyrolytic carbon from furnace door, and if the pyrolytic carbon is burnt, using spray water to extinguish it.
Example 4
The method for pyrolyzing domestic garbage by using the domestic garbage pyrolysis system of example 2, the tar cracking catalyst comprises calcined dolomite, biomass charcoal and nickel-based gamma-Al2O3The catalyst is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass of 7: 4: 1, mixing to obtain;
the household garbage pyrolysis method comprises the following steps:
grabbing and conveying the household garbage into a large crusher 1 through a grab bucket 3, crushing the household garbage into small garbage, conveying the small garbage to a magnetic separator 5 through a belt feeding machine 4 for magnetic separation, removing the metal garbage through a side outlet of the magnetic separator 5 connected with a metal bin 6, conveying the rest garbage into a nonmetal blanking port 8, arranging a crusher 9 at the lower end of the nonmetal blanking port, crushing the garbage through the crusher 9, conveying the garbage into a winnowing machine 10, removing inorganic garbage, and only retaining organic garbage;
secondly, the remaining organic garbage enters a fine crusher 12 through a side outlet of a winnowing machine 10, is crushed to 1-5 mm in the fine crusher 12, is heated and dried, enters a roller dryer for drying treatment, enters a bin of an oil press through a feeding machine, is automatically fed into a die by an oil press, is pressed into a spherical shape, a rod shape or a block shape with the volume of 4-25 cubic centimeters by the oil press under certain pressure, is stacked into a pyrolysis chamber 21 in a pyrolysis furnace 2 for anaerobic pyrolysis and tar catalytic pyrolysis treatment to obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis charcoal for treatment, obtains the pyrolysis gas, leaves an exhaust port on the pyrolysis chamber 21, discharges the obtained pyrolysis gas through the exhaust port, and is sucked into a gas storage cabinet 18 through an exhaust fan after passing through an exhaust pipeline;
wherein the temperature during pyrolysis is controlled as follows:
a temperature rising stage: uniformly raising the furnace temperature to 850 ℃ within 4 hours;
and (3) a heat preservation stage: keeping the temperature at 850 ℃ for 3 hours;
and (3) cooling: uniformly reducing the furnace temperature from 850 ℃ to 160 ℃ within 3 hours;
cooling to 160 deg.C, discharging pyrolytic carbon from furnace door, and if the pyrolytic carbon is burnt, using spray water to extinguish it.
Example 5
The method for pyrolyzing domestic garbage by using the domestic garbage pyrolysis system of example 2, the tar cracking catalyst comprises calcined dolomite, biomass charcoal and nickel-based gamma-Al2O3The catalyst is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass 6: 3: 1, mixing to obtain;
the household garbage pyrolysis method comprises the following steps:
grabbing and conveying the household garbage into a large crusher 1 through a grab bucket 3, crushing the household garbage into small garbage, conveying the small garbage to a magnetic separator 5 through a belt feeding machine 4 for magnetic separation, removing the metal garbage through a side outlet of the magnetic separator 5 connected with a metal bin 6, conveying the rest garbage into a nonmetal blanking port 8, arranging a crusher 9 at the lower end of the nonmetal blanking port, crushing the garbage through the crusher 9, conveying the garbage into a winnowing machine 10, removing inorganic garbage, and only retaining organic garbage;
step (II)Firstly, the reserved organic garbage enters a fine crusher 12 through a side outlet of a winnowing machine 10, is crushed to 1-5 mm in the fine crusher 12, is heated and dried, enters a roller dryer for drying treatment, enters a bin of an oil press through a feeding machine, is automatically fed into a die by an oil press, is pressed into a spherical, rod-shaped or block shape with the volume of 4-25 cubic centimeters by the oil press under certain pressure, and the density of the organic garbage after press forming is 1010-1200 kg/m3Stacking the pyrolysis gas into a pyrolysis chamber 21 in the pyrolysis furnace 2 to perform anaerobic pyrolysis and tar catalytic pyrolysis to obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis charcoal, and obtaining the pyrolysis gas, wherein an exhaust port is reserved on the pyrolysis chamber 21, the obtained pyrolysis gas is discharged from the exhaust port and is sucked into a gas storage cabinet 18 by an exhaust fan after passing through an exhaust pipeline;
wherein the temperature during pyrolysis is controlled as follows:
a temperature rising stage: uniformly raising the furnace temperature to 800 ℃ within 3.5 hours;
and (3) a heat preservation stage: keeping the temperature at 800 ℃ for 2.5 hours;
and (3) cooling: uniformly reducing the furnace temperature from 800 ℃ to 180 ℃ within 2.5 hours;
cooling to 180 deg.C, discharging the pyrolytic carbon from furnace door, and if the pyrolytic carbon is burnt, using spray water to extinguish it.
Comparative example 1
The process of example 5 was used except that no tar cracking catalyst was added to the tar catalyst 17.
The domestic garbage in a certain city within a few days is treated in the same step I, organic garbage is screened out, and is subjected to air separation, fine crushing, drying and pressing for pyrolysis, the pyrolysis temperature and the pyrolysis time of examples 3-5 and comparative example 1 are adopted, and the weight of pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis carbon obtained by one ton of organic garbage is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Pyrolysis gas (kg) | Pyrolytic carbon (kg) | |
| Example 3 | 315 | 582 |
| Example 4 | 348 | 554 |
| Example 5 | 336 | 562 |
| Comparative example 1 | 246 | 654 |
As can be seen from the data in table 1, except for about 10% of the moisture in the organic waste, the remaining organic waste is pyrolyzed into pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis char, but the tar in the pyrolysis gas cannot be cracked continuously because no tar cracking catalyst is added in the tar catalyst 17 in the comparative example 1, and the tar becomes viscous black oil after the temperature is reduced and is attached to the pyrolysis char, so the pyrolysis char in the comparative example 1 has a large mass, and the pyrolysis gas has a small mass.
The main components of the pyrolysis gas obtained in examples 3 to 5 are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
The main components of the pyrolysis gas obtained in comparative example 1 are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3
| Gas Chinese name | Content (volume percentage) |
| Carbon monoxide | 25％ |
| Carbon dioxide | 0.2％ |
| Hydrogen sulfide | 0.2％ |
| Butene (butylene) | 3％ |
| Benzene and its derivatives | 3％ |
| Hydrogen gas | 68％ |
| Others | 0.6％ |
It can be seen from the results in tables 2 and 3 that, in the absence of the tar cracking catalyst, the tar in the pyrolysis gas cannot be cracked continuously, and only adheres to the pyrolysis carbon with the decrease in temperature, which also causes the main components of the pyrolysis gas to be different from those of the pyrolysis gas obtained in examples 3 to 5.
Claims (8)
1. A household garbage pyrolysis system is characterized in that: the large-size material crusher comprises a large-size crusher (1) and a pyrolysis furnace (2), wherein a grab bucket (3) is arranged at the upper end of the large-size crusher (1), the large-size crusher (1) is connected with a magnetic separator (5) through a belt feeding machine (4), a side outlet of the magnetic separator (5) is connected with a metal bin (6), a non-metal feed opening (8) is formed in the bottom of the magnetic separator (5), a crusher (9) is arranged at the lower end of the non-metal feed opening (8), the crusher (9) is connected with a winnowing machine (10), an inorganic material feed opening (11) is formed in the bottom of the winnowing machine (10), and a side outlet of the winnowing machine (10) is connected with a fine crusher (12);
the pyrolysis furnace (2) comprises a pyrolysis chamber (21), the pyrolysis chamber (21) is connected with a combustion chamber (22), two rows of burners (23) are arranged in the combustion chamber (22), a fuel gas inlet and an oxygen gas inlet are formed in each burner (23), the oxygen gas inlets are connected with an air fan (13), the side wall of the pyrolysis chamber (21) is a heating wall (24), the heating wall (24) is connected with a smoke dust processor (15) through a fan (14), and the other end of the smoke dust processor (15) is connected with a chimney (16); a tar catalyst (17) is arranged above the pyrolysis chamber (21), the tar catalyst (17) is connected with a gas storage cabinet (18) through a gas outlet pipeline, and a first explosion-proof fan (191) is arranged on the gas outlet pipeline;
the tar catalyst (17) is internally provided with a tar cracking catalyst.
2. The household garbage pyrolysis system according to claim 1, wherein: the other side of the gas storage cabinet (18) is connected with a gas inlet of the burner through a second explosion-proof fan (192).
3. The household garbage pyrolysis system according to claim 1, wherein: the tar cracking catalyst is calcined dolomite, biomass charcoal and nickel-based gamma-Al2O3The catalyst is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 5-7: 2-4: 1.
4. A household garbage pyrolysis method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the temperature during pyrolysis was controlled as follows:
a temperature rising stage: uniformly heating the furnace to 750-850 ℃ within 3-4 hours;
and (3) a heat preservation stage: preserving the heat for 2-3 hours at 750-850 ℃;
and (3) cooling: uniformly cooling the furnace temperature from 750-850 ℃ to 160-200 ℃ within 2-3 hours.
5. The pyrolysis method of household garbage according to claim 3, characterized in that: screening organic garbage from the household garbage, crushing the organic garbage to 1-5 mm, heating and drying the organic garbage, and performing pyrolysis after compression molding; wherein the density of the organic garbage after compression molding is 1010-1200 kg/m3。
6. The pyrolysis method of household garbage according to claim 4, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
grabbing household garbage into a large crusher (1) through a grab bucket (3), crushing the household garbage into small garbage, conveying the small garbage to a magnetic separator (5) through a belt feeding machine (4) for magnetic separation, connecting the metal garbage with a metal bin (6) through a side outlet of the magnetic separator (5) for removal, feeding the rest garbage into the lower end of a non-metal feed opening (8), arranging a crusher (9), crushing the garbage through the crusher (9), conveying the garbage into a winnowing machine (10), removing inorganic garbage, and only retaining organic garbage;
secondly, the organic garbage reserved in the step I enters a fine crusher (12) through a side outlet of a winnowing machine (10), is crushed to 1-5 mm in the fine crusher (12), is heated, dried, is pressed and formed, and is put into a pyrolysis chamber (21) in a pyrolysis furnace (2) for anaerobic pyrolysis and tar catalytic pyrolysis treatment to obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis carbon; an exhaust port is reserved on the pyrolysis chamber (21), the obtained pyrolysis gas is exhausted from the exhaust port, passes through an exhaust pipeline and is sucked into the gas storage cabinet (18) by a first explosion-proof fan (191);
wherein the temperature during pyrolysis is controlled as follows:
a temperature rising stage: uniformly heating the furnace to 750-850 ℃ within 3-4 hours;
and (3) a heat preservation stage: preserving the heat for 2-3 hours at 750-850 ℃;
and (3) cooling: uniformly reducing the furnace temperature from 750-850 ℃ to 160-200 ℃ within 2-3 hours;
the pyrolytic carbon is discharged from the furnace door after the temperature reduction stage.
7. The pyrolysis method of household garbage according to claim 5, characterized in that: and the compression molding is to press the crushed and dried garbage into a spherical, rod-shaped or block shape with the volume of 4-25 cubic centimeters in an oil press.
8. The pyrolysis method of household garbage according to claim 5, characterized in that: pyrolysis gas in the gas storage cabinet (18) is sucked to a gas inlet of the burner through a second explosion-proof fan (192), is mixed with oxygen of an oxygen inlet, and is combusted in the combustion chamber to provide pyrolysis heat for the pyrolysis chamber (21).
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