KR100469161B1 - the waste rubber or waste tire resolution method and system by avail of microwave - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a method and apparatus for decomposing waste rubber or waste tire using microwaves to preserve the environment, and recovering oil, carbon black, and iron wire, which are energy and resources, which are mostly dependent on imports, economically and simply, and efficiently recycling them. It is about.

Recently, tires that are continuously increasing are mostly used as heat sources by being put into cement kilns, but are gradually being reduced due to environmental pollution. In the past, many pyrolysis devices were developed because the most efficient recycling method for pyrolyzing waste rubber or waste tires and recovering them as energy and resources was developed.However, simple pyrolysis and recycling of waste tires takes long decomposition time and thermal efficiency is 10%. It is so low that it is difficult to generate economic profits due to high processing costs. On the other hand, if the waste rubber or waste tire disassembly method and device using microwave can be selectively heated, the waste rubber or waste tire can be selectively heated, the decomposition speed is fast, the device is simple, the operation is simple, and it can be heated uniformly. The ability to recover high quality oils, carbon black and iron wires can help preserve the environment, contribute to the national economy, and generate economic returns.

Description

The waste rubber or waste tire resolution method and system by avail of microwave}

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for recovering oil, carbon black, and iron wire by decomposing waste rubber or waste tire using microwaves, wherein rubbers are synthesized from natural rubber obtained from plants and petrochemical plants. Rubber ( cis- polyisoprene; IR, butadiene rubber; BR, styrene-butadiene rubber; SBR) is a generic name, and is used as an important material that is indispensable in daily life or industry.

In particular, tires are a typical rubber product, and the production and waste tires are continuously increasing due to the increase in the number of vehicles.In 2002, the amount of tires generated was about 24 million, as shown in Table 1 (Years and Recycling / Unit: Thousands). It is estimated.

Waste tire treatment methods can be broadly divided into three types: circular use for civil engineering, processing use for regenerating recycled rubber and recycled tire, and heat use for cement kiln as heat source or dry burning.

In the past, the circular, processing and utilization methods were used, but recently, the thermal utilization method using high energy (8,000 kcal / kg) possessed by waste rubber / waste tire is mainly used. Even if the waste rubber / waste tire is recycled using a circular or processing method, the heat utilization method is the best because it can finally be completely chemically decomposed to prevent environmental pollution.

Using waste tires as a heat source for cement kilns accounts for 84% of the total throughput, while dry burning is only 3%. However, it is polluting the environment by releasing dust generated when incineration of waste tires in cement kilns and harmful dioxins, aromatic hydrocarbons, and chlorine compounds generated during uncontrolled times of kilns, which account for 4.9% of the total operating time. In advanced countries such as Japan, the use is gradually being restricted.

For reference, when pyrolysis of waste rubber under anoxic conditions, there are some differences depending on the reaction conditions, but about 60% of carbon black and inorganic materials and about 40% of gas and recycled oil are obtained. In addition, the components of the waste tires are due to the compounds used in the manufacture of tires, although there are some differences depending on the use, the composition ratios are generally shown in Table 2.

As shown in Table 2, the amounts of natural rubber and synthetic rubber are about 22% and 25%, respectively, and carbon black is about 24%. Iron cores and cords used to support tires and increase strength are about 14%, and mineral additives or process oils for processing are about 15%. That is, 45 to 50% of the recycled oil can be collected by pyrolysis.

Currently, the most ideal method for treating waste rubber / waste tires is dry distillation, that is, pyrolysis, and various technologies have been developed and many patents have been filed and registered. Despite such efforts and efforts, commercialization is difficult because the following problems are not solved.

Since waste rubber / waste tires need to be indirectly heated in anoxic conditions, it takes a long time to heat up and requires a lot of energy in order to reduce the risk of explosion and fire only after cooling down to room temperature.

For reference, the experimental results of Korean Patent 10-0335012 show that the heat required for pyrolysis of waste tires is 167 kcal / kg, and the decomposition takes 2.5 hours when 6,000 kg of waste tires are heated with a reactor generating 1,800,000 kcal / h of heat. The thermal efficiency was found to be very low, about 11%.

1 is a schematic diagram of a waste rubber / waste tire pyrolysis reaction apparatus using a conventional indirect heating method, the principle of pyrolysis of waste rubber or waste tire is to fill the waste rubber fragment inside the reactor of the nitrogen atmosphere and the internal temperature is 400 Indirect heating from outside to maintain a temperature of ˜500 degrees leaves carbon black and iron cores in the reactor, and the oil moves to the quenching and cooling tanks to obtain oil.

In such a device, a continuous process is essential in order to process a large amount of waste rubber, and carbon black and iron cores are continuously accumulated, and there is a risk of fire when the waste rubber pieces are introduced when the temperature of the reactor is high.

Since the pyrolysis reactor is operating at high temperature, it is more likely to cause explosion and fire when oxygen is introduced when the waste tires are input, and the continuous process is difficult due to problems such as iron wire being wound on the transfer equipment required for the continuous process such as screws. For this reason, batch pyrolysis reactors are mainly used.

In order to increase the throughput, the capacity of the reactor has to be increased, and the apparatus becomes huge. In this condensed milk, it takes a long time for heating and cooling to decompose waste tires, making it difficult to operate more than twice a day. In addition, if the waste tire is not cut, the volume is large, so that only a small amount can be added compared to the capacity inside the reactor, and thus additional cost is required.

Waste rubber or waste tires have a relatively low thermal conductivity, whereas indirect heating Betsy pyrolysis is a method of indirect heating from the outside. Falls.

In addition, when the waste tire is locally heated to a high temperature, the cracking of the rubber raw material proceeds a lot, thereby increasing the yield of the non-condensable gas component. As a result, the oil recovery amount is reduced, and the quality of the carbon black and the iron wire is also reduced.

As such, the present invention cannot continuously add waste tires or waste rubber as in the case of conventional batch reactors, and thus the capacity of the reactor should be increased, and the reactor temperature should be cooled to room temperature after the reaction is completed. It is possible to recover and overcome the disadvantage of unnecessary consumption of energy.

In addition, due to the characteristics of waste tires and waste rubbers with low thermal conductivity, the temperature gradient inside the reactor shows a large difference. Therefore, if the local heating temperature is high during the process of pyrolyzing waste rubber, the cracking increases, leading to the formation of non-condensable gas. This increase is also intended to overcome the disadvantage that the oil recovery is small.

Accordingly, the present invention intends to adopt a method of using microwaves by avoiding direct heat to overcome the above disadvantages.

Microwave refers to a frequency corresponding to an intermediate region between radio waves and infrared rays, and is widely used for communication frequencies, microwave ovens, and industrial furnaces. Currently, the frequencies permitted for industrial use in Korea and the United States are 2.45 GHz (wavelength: 12 cm) and 915 MHz (wavelength: 32 cm). In the present invention, this frequency band is used. The way microwaves heat materials is polar molecules, such as water, and dielectrics absorb microwaves and rotate at high speeds or are heated by ionic conduction. The heating rate is determined by the dielectric properties of the target material. Among the dielectric properties, the dielectric constant (ε ') of the material represents the storage capacity of electrical energy, and the loss factor (ε) represents the electrical energy. The higher the value, the easier it is to heat up, and microwave has the advantage of very high energy conversion efficiency.

Metal components are known to reflect microwaves without absorbing them, but in reality microwaves are known to penetrate and absorb metal at a micrometer depth from the metal surface.

For this reason, the presence of metals on the micrometer scale can absorb microwaves and heat them up in a flash.

Although 915 MHz microwaves penetrate inside of both 2.45 GHz microwaves and raise the internal temperature first, the energy of 915 MHz microwaves is relatively weak and easily penetrates to the inside, but it takes a long time to heat, and 2.45 GHz microwaves have 915 MHz. Although the rate of penetration into the interior is low compared to the above, it is intended to decompose waste rubber or tires more effectively by combining two microwaves properly.

The way in which microwaves heat materials is to use heat that a polar dielectric, such as a water molecule, rotates rapidly by the microwaves. By using this principle, it is widely used in industrial and everyday life such as sterilization, dyeing, cooking, heating, wood processing.

In order to use microwaves, the material to be heated must be a polar dielectric. However, as shown in Table 3, most organic compounds are nonpolar and very low in dielectric constant at 2.45 GHz, with very high dielectric constant of 78.54, making microwave heating very difficult.

In the case of rubber, the heating by microwave is similar to 2.27, which is Benzene's dielectric constant at 2.45 GHz.

Waste rubber or waste tires have low dielectric constant and loss factor, which can be expected to be inefficient using microwave.However, when manufacturing rubber tires, antioxidants, Zinc oxide, cobalt, sulfur compounds, etc. are added uniformly. However, antioxidants, zinc oxide, cobalt salt, sulfur compounds, etc., are added to waste rubber or waste tires in small amounts to enhance adhesion to iron cores or to enhance physical properties. The material, such as ferromagnetic material, is uniformly distributed. In particular, the cobalt salt absorbs microwaves and acts as a uniform hot spot so that the waste rubber or tires can be selectively and uniformly heated to be decomposed. Decomposing waste rubber or tires using microwaves can decompose them at a much faster rate than indirect digestion, and also prevent waste of energy.

As described above, in the present invention, the waste rubber or the tire is heated from the inside by using microwaves to explode the waste rubber explosively, so that the device is very simple compared to the heating type, and thus no combustion gas is generated so that no pollutants are generated. do.

1 is a schematic view of a waste rubber / waste tire pyrolysis reaction apparatus by a conventional indirect heating method.

2 is a basic conceptual diagram of a system according to the present invention;

Figure 3 is a perspective view of the decomposition apparatus that is the main part of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional structure of the decomposition apparatus according to the present invention and the auxiliary equipment.

※ Explanation of symbols for main parts of drawing

100: reactor 200: magnetron

300: oil condensation 400: boiler

500: oil storage tank 600: control panel

700: nitrogen supply pipe 800: carbon black iron wire discharge means

900: input means

10: desulfurization equipment 20: distillation equipment

30: nitrogen high pressure container 40: flow meter

50: valve 60: vacuum cleaner

70: Crusher 80: Selective packaging

90: carbon black

In order to achieve the above object, it will be described embodiments of the present invention by the accompanying drawings.

Example 1 Basic System

As shown in FIG. 2, which is a basic conceptual diagram of the system according to the present invention, oil condensation is performed by heating waste rubber or waste tires with microwaves of the magnetron 200 installed on the inner wall of the reactor 100 to which nitrogen gas is supplied. The oil storage tank 500 storing the oil extracted from the tank 300 and the non-condensed gas from the oil condensing tank 300 are waste rubber or waste on the tower reactor 100 that is completely burned by the boiler 400. It is a basic system according to the present invention to build a carbon black and iron wire discharge means 800 at the bottom of the tire input means (900).

Reactor 100 according to the present invention can be composed of only stainless steel (stainless steel), but the inside of the reactor may cause problems such as sparking occurs when the iron wire of the waste tire in contact with the stainless steel, Ceramic material with low absorption amount, the middle part is made of stainless steel reflecting microwaves, the outside is economical, it is preferable to be composed of a heat insulating material.

The reactor 100 may be designed in various shapes such as a cylindrical shape or a rectangular parallelepiped, but an optimized cylindrical shape capable of maximizing microwave efficiency is preferable.

The magnetron 200, which is a microwave generator, is attached to the wall of the reactor 100, and one or more magnetrons of 500W to 30 kW output can be selected and used depending on the size of the reactor, waste rubber, or waste tire throughput. 2.45 Magnetrons generating GHz and 915 MHz can be selected and used appropriately.

A waste rubber or waste tire inlet 900 is formed at the top of the reactor 100, and the carbon black and iron wire discharge means 800 formed after decomposition is open and closed at the bottom of the microwave and oil vapor gas structure. Together, a nitrogen supply pipe 700 capable of removing nitrogen in the reactor and allowing nitrogen to flow inside the reactor for rapid discharge of the oil vapor and an oil vapor discharge pipe 300a for discharging the oil vapor out of the reactor are mounted.

The control panel 600 that can control the state of the reactor 100 and the magnetron 200 is configured to control the temperature of the reactor, the output of the magnetron, the operating time, the power off safety device.

The oil condensation tank 300 connected to the oil vapor discharge pipe 300a can adjust the temperature of the cooling water from -10 ° C to room temperature, thereby adjusting the composition (composition according to the boiling point) of the recovered oil, and the collected oil is oil The non-condensed gas component, which is stored in the storage tank 500 and is not condensed even at this temperature, is moved to the boiler 400 through the non-condensed gas discharge pipe 300b, so that it can be economically converted to thermal energy. The gas completely burned with water is configured to be discharged to the atmosphere via the combustion gas discharge pipe 400a.

According to such a basic system according to the reactor 100, a perspective view of the decomposition apparatus which is the main part of the present invention attached to a detailed embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4 and the cross-sectional structure of the decomposition apparatus according to the present invention and the accompanying equipment diagram The details are as follows.

Example 2

The inner wall is made of ceramic material, the middle part is made of stainless steel, and the outer part is formed of an insulating material, and the inner upper layer part of the tower reactor 100 is formed with an oil support 100e in which a hopper 100f is opened in the center, thereby forming an oil discharge pipe 500a outward. To install, the oil support (100e) is installed on the top of the oil vapor discharge pipe 300a installed cooling oil trap (300a) on one side, and sealed with a conical dome (130) with a cooling water pipe (100g), the reactor ( (100) In the rail (100c) installed on the work table (100b) settled at the floor height of the door (100a) installed on the middle one side wall, the slider (110a) is fixed to the bottom of the waste tire stacking stand (110). Introduces the nitrogen supply pipe 700 into the middle of the reactor 100, installs several magnetrons 200 on the inner wall of the reactor 100, and inside the reactor 100, two rows of carbon black recovery tank upper rails at the top. 121) the wire mesh 120a on the bottom of the cylindrical body, The carbon black recovery tank 120 in which the work 120b is formed is rotated by being mounted on the vibrator 120e installed on the upper bottom of the ash tray 140 installed on the bottom layer and the fleece 120d installed on the motor 120c. The carbon black recovery pipe 100d is drawn out from the support 140 to the outside of the reactor 100, and the carbon black 90 is discharged to the grinder 70 through the vacuum recoverer 60.

The basic system for decomposing waste rubber or waste tires using microwaves using the reactor 100 is the oil vapor discharge pipe 300a formed on the upper layer of the conical dome 130 as in the boiler 400 as in the first embodiment. The oil discharge pipe 500a of the oil support 100e is provided with an oil storage tank 500, a desulfurization facility 10, a distillation facility 20, and a nitrogen supply pipe 700 through a flow meter 40. Nitrogen of the high pressure vessel 30 is opened and closed by the valve 50, the cooling water pipe (100g) of the upper end of the conical dome 130 is circulated in the cooling water controlled to room temperature at -10 ℃, waste rubber or waste tire The oil vapor generated by decomposition is condensed at the upper end of the graded reactor, is collected in the oil support 100e, and the collected oil is stored in the oil storage tank 500 through the oil discharge pipe 500a and then known desulfurization. Regeneration oil through equipment (10), distillation equipment (20) To produce.

On the other hand, through the oil steam discharge pipe (300a) formed in the upper portion of the conical dome 130, the oil vapor is not condensed while passing through the cooling oil trap 160, and the non-condensable gas components are sent to the boiler 400 to completely burn Configured to emit into the atmosphere.

The waste tire loading platform 110, which is capable of moving the weight by the rail 100c installed on the work table 100b, contains waste rubber or waste tire and moves to the inside of the reactor 100, thereby recovering the carbon black recovery tank 120. The carbon black recovery tank 120 is disposed on the lowermost layer of the reactor 100 so that microwaves are evenly irradiated on the waste rubber or waste tire of the waste tire stacker 110 transferred to the carbon black recovery tank upper rail 121 formed at the top. It is mounted on the vibrator (120e) and the motor (120c) installed on the top of the installed backrest 140 is to be rotated at a constant speed.

The thermally decomposed carbon black 90 is performed by a vibrator 120e installed on the top of the ash tray 140 so that vibration is formed in the carbon black recovery tank 120e so as to be discharged well between the wire meshes 120a.

In addition, the carbon black 90 dropped on the ash tray 140 is suctioned and discharged outside the reactor 100 by the vacuum recoverer 60, and then pulverized into predetermined particles through the grinder 70 and then sorted and packaged (80). Will be shipped as a product.

As described above, the microwave has a high efficiency of about 80%, which is converted from electricity to heat, and can only selectively heat waste rubber or waste tire, which is more economical than decomposition using fossil fuel.

The result of decomposing waste rubber / waste tire by indirect heating method and microwave method is shown in Table 4 below.

As shown in Table 4, the method using microwaves consumed more than twice the energy, about 3 times the cost, and 6 times less decomposition time for waste rubber / waste tire decomposition than the indirect heating method. The work was simplified and the economic effect was greatly increased.

Industrialization was delayed due to the high processing cost and inconvenience of work, which was the most reasonable waste rubber or waste tire pyrolysis recycling method. However, when the waste rubber or waste tire is decomposed by securing waste rubber or tire waste using microwave as in the present invention, Compared to the indirect pyrolysis method, the decomposition time is greatly shortened, the decomposition work is easy, and the reaction apparatus can be miniaturized, thus reducing the equipment cost. Since only the waste rubber or tires are selectively heated, no energy is needed. It can eliminate waste, greatly reducing energy cost for decomposition, uniform heating at a relatively low temperature, oil recovery, high quality carbon black and iron wire can be recovered, and fossil fuel is used for decomposition. Instead, it uses only clean energy, which prevents environmental pollution from combustion gases. And to lower the fire risk has its advantages.

In addition, by properly controlling the output and irradiation time of the microwave, it is possible to obtain a product in the form of rubber powder without completely decomposing waste rubber / waste tire, which can be utilized in this field.

In addition, since the miniaturization is possible, waste rubber / waste tires discharged from each region can be directly processed in the area, it is a useful invention that can prevent environmental pollution as well as national and regional economic development.

Claims (2)

Oil storage for storing the oil extracted from the oil condensing tank (300) to collect the pyrolyzed gas by heating waste rubber or waste tire with microwaves of the magnetron (200) installed on the inner wall of the reactor (100) supplied with nitrogen gas The non-condensed gas from the tank 500 and the oil condensing tank 300 is carbon black and iron at the bottom of the waste rubber or tire input means 900 at the top of the tower reactor 100 for completely burning the boiler 400. Method for disassembling waste rubber or tire waste using microwaves, characterized in that for establishing a wire discharge means (800). The inner wall is formed of ceramic material, the middle part is made of stainless steel, and the outer part is formed of an insulating material, and the inner upper layer part of the tower reactor 100 is formed with an oil support 100e in which a hopper 100f is opened in the center to form an oil discharge pipe 500a outward. To install, the oil support (100e) is installed on the top of the oil vapor discharge pipe 300a installed cooling oil trap (300a) on one side, and sealed with a conical dome (130) with a cooling water pipe (100g), the reactor ( (100) In the rail (100c) installed on the work table (100b) settled at the floor height of the door (100a) installed on the middle one side wall, the slider (110a) is fixed to the bottom of the waste tire stacking stand (110). Introduces the nitrogen supply pipe 700 into the middle of the reactor 100, installs several magnetrons 200 on the inner wall of the reactor 100, and inside the reactor 100, two rows of carbon black recovery tank upper rails at the top. 121) the wire mesh 120a on the bottom of the cylindrical body, The carbon black recovery tank 120 in which the work 120b is formed is rotated by being mounted on the vibrator 120e installed on the upper bottom of the ash tray 140 installed on the bottom layer and the fleece 120d installed on the motor 120c. Using the microwave, characterized in that the carbon black recovery pipe (100d) withdrawal from the receiving 140 to the outside of the reactor 100 to discharge the carbon black 90 to the grinder 70 through the vacuum collector 60 Waste rubber or tire disintegrator.