CN103953930A - Efficient mobile bed gasifier device with pre-dechlorinating function and dechlorinating method of efficient mobile bed gasifier device - Google Patents
Efficient mobile bed gasifier device with pre-dechlorinating function and dechlorinating method of efficient mobile bed gasifier device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103953930A CN103953930A CN201410154395.0A CN201410154395A CN103953930A CN 103953930 A CN103953930 A CN 103953930A CN 201410154395 A CN201410154395 A CN 201410154395A CN 103953930 A CN103953930 A CN 103953930A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an efficient mobile bed gasifier device with a pre-dechlorinating function and a dechlorinating method of the efficient mobile bed gasifier device. In a rotary kiln, waste is subjected to drying and pyrolysis and most chlorine of the waste is removed under hot flue gas, after being dechlorinated by using a semi-dry method, separated volatiles and inflammable gas are used as raw material gases to be sent to a turbulent burner for use, the dechlorinated waste is gasified and partially burnt, and the unburnt part of the waste falls on a secondary-level rotary grate device at the rear end, is extruded and crushed and is burnt up after being fully mixed. The erosion to subsequent equipment and the generation of pollutants are greatly reduced, a first-level reciprocation grate adopts a multi-wind port subsection wind distribution mode and achieves the reasonable wind distribution effect, the radiation heat on the grate is increased by a long rear arch, the burning of the waste with low heat value is facilitated, the equipment erosion and environment pollution problems are greatly reduced, the deficiencies of poor mixing and low burn-off rate of the traditional grate incinerator are effectively improved, the area of a high-temperature-resistent grate sheet is reduced, and the investment is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of efficient moving bed gasification furnace apparatus and dechlorination method thereof with pre-dechlorination function.
background of invention:
At present, burning is to process the highly effective method of discarded object, can maximizedly realize the minimizing of municipal domestic waste, innoxious and resource.In numerous castoff burning equipment, grate furnace is main force's type of furnace.Grate furnace or the existing incinerator of foreign of China's overwhelming majority at present, introduces or the imitated external type of furnace or device systems; Or taking general coal-burning boiler or other industrial furnaces as reference, these combustion technologies and process transplanting are come to carry out castoff burning processing.But because the particularity of China's discarded object component adds the weakness at fire grate incineration technology and equipment development Research foundation, at present all there are a lot of problems in the incinerator grate furnace of China's overwhelming majority, as good not in: fuel mix, burn insufficiently cause that the thermal efficiency is lower, the maintenance of fire grate system, maintenance cost be high.
In addition, because component of refuse is quite complicated, in burning process, inevitably to produce pollution problem.Except conventional sulphur, nitrogen oxide, also can produce other pernicious gas as HCl/Cl
2.The high chlorine resin of PVC class is topmost chlorine source in rubbish, and the less source of other share also comprises the salinity (NaCl) in rubbish from cooking etc.Research shows, PVC burning starting stage (<350 ° of C) chlorine divides mainly the HCl that approximately produces 0.5kg while separating out the PVC completing combustion of .1kg with the form of HCl.
HCl is except the harm impact on mankind's normal life, and existing many sections of documents point out that HCl gas has very strong corrosiveness to the burning facility body of incinerator.In incinerator smoke, contain the HCl that concentration is higher, to Fe, FeO, Fe
2o
3, Fe
3o
4, CrO
3all there is corrosiveness.Removing in advance of HCl not only can alleviate the harm of HCl to boiler structure and external environment itself, also can effectively suppress the formation of PCDD/F in low temperature flue.
In sum, be necessary to develop a kind of waste gasification transmit bed device with independent intellectual property right, reach the object that removes in advance chlorine element in rubbish.
summary of the invention:
The present invention is intended to solve the shortcoming and defect in above-mentioned waste gasification burning process, has proposed a kind of efficient moving bed gasification furnace apparatus and dechlorination method thereof with pre-dechlorination function.
Efficient moving bed gasification furnace apparatus with pre-dechlorination function comprises burner hearth, feeding system, lime-ash gathering system, blowing system, rotary kiln, semidry method dechlorination system, two-section grate device, described two-section grate device is arranged on the bottom of burner hearth, and described feeding system comprises Mechanical Crushing device, feed hopper, screw feeder, feed hopper is installed on front wall one side of rotary kiln, and screw feeder is arranged in the below of rotary kiln front wall and feed hopper and is connected with feed hopper, and described two-section grate device, comprises one-level reciprocating fire grate, secondary rotary fire grate, the one-level reciprocating fire grate leading portion left and right sides is furnished with respectively gear device for coal, and one-level reciprocating fire grate comprises fixed grate film, movable furnace grate plate, cooling tube, built-in beam, walking beam, fixed grate film is connected with walking beam with built-in beam respectively with movable furnace grate plate, at fire grate, built-in beam, the arranged beneath of walking beam has cooling tube, is connected with fire grate by pipeline, and drive unit is drawn together in secondary rotary converter package, transmission device.
Described one-level reciprocating fire grate and the angle of inclination of horizontal plane are 5 °, and are supported by joist, and one-level reciprocating fire grate moves back and forth and adopts hydraulic-driven.
Described secondary rotary converter row is arranged in the top of burner hearth afterbody lime-ash collection mouth, secondary rotary converter is lined up hemispherical, there is tooth to distribute above, the drive unit of secondary rotary fire grate is that motor drives, the transmission device connecting between motor and secondary rotary fire grate comprises main transmission section, power transmission shaft, the travelling gear connecting in turn and the rotating disk being driven by travelling gear, and below driven rotary fire grate that rotating disk is positioned at rotary fire grate rotate.
Described blowing system comprises primary air nozzle, three overfiren air ports and tertiary air orifice, once, the air quantity of secondary, tertiary air accounts for respectively and pass into 20%, 50%, 30% of air total amount.
Described primary air nozzle comprises three independent air compartments, be arranged in the below of one-level reciprocating fire grate and be connected with it, on the reciprocating stove of one-level, there is fire grate gap, one time wind enters in burner hearth by fire grate gap, three air compartments are independent of one another, two overfiren air ports in three described overfiren air ports are arranged in the vertical flue of upper furnace, become front-back wall to be arranged symmetrically with, another overfiren air port is arranged in the below of wall rear arch after burner hearth, and described tertiary air orifice is arranged in the below of burner hearth afterbody rotary fire grate.
Described lime-ash gathering system comprises shoot door, ash port, discharging conical hopper and dipleg, shoot door be arranged on primary air nozzle before, the below of one-level reciprocating fire grate, ash port funnel, top is closely connected with the independent air compartment of primary air nozzle, discharging conical hopper is positioned at the below of rotary fire grate, is connected below with dipleg.
Described burner hearth inside is provided with radiation rear arch.Described radiation rear arch and horizontal plane angle are 10 °.
The dechlorination method of the efficient moving bed gasification furnace apparatus of the pre-dechlorination function of described band comprises the steps:
1) first raw material sends into feed hopper after Mechanical Crushing device carries out Mechanical Crushing, by the screw feeder being connected with feed hopper, fuel is sent into burner hearth and fallen into rotary kiln, realize the dry and pyrolysis of fuel, and being attended by separating out of a small amount of volatile matter, rotary kiln outlet obtains mist; In discarded object, more than 75% chlorine of mass percent is with HCl and Cl
2form remove, thereby realize pre-dechlorination processing to raw material, mist is a small amount of volatile matter in raw material and harmful HCl/Cl
2the mixture of gas;
2) in semidry method dechlorination system, utilize semidry method to the mist dechlorination in step 1), obtain clean fuel gas;
3) drop down onto on one-level reciprocating fire grate through the raw material of pre-dechlorination processing, the partial combustion of generating gasification and coke, volatile matter enters burner hearth with a wind and fully burns, the ash content of coke burning is fallen into ash dropping hopper and is collected by fire grate gap, after the material combusting of pre-dechlorination processing, remaining lime-ash falls on burner hearth afterbody secondary rotary fire grate through the sliding sloping core in stove, the disintegrating slag of fritter falls into discharging conical hopper by the gap of secondary rotary fire grate and burner hearth, the lime-ash of bulk is by the rotary squeezing of rotary fire grate, thereby be broken into little disintegrating slag, and in bulk lime-ash hiding uncompleted burned carbon also fragmentation is out, by the infeed of tertiary air, it is burnt cmpletely,
4) flue gas that step 3) burning produces up flows with burner hearth, form and stream at burner hearth rear arch place, thereby realize the object of radiation in heating fire grate and increase burner hearth, make the easier ignition of low-calorie fuel, the flue-gas temperature producing after burning is very high, contain a large amount of heat energy, remove bulky grain through cyclone separator, after recycling refractory ceramics separate small particles, high-temperature flue gas is caused to rotary kiln and one-level reciprocating fire grate place, for preheating material, improve the energy utilization efficiency of device, help reduce the discharge of pollutant.
In described step 4), the temperature after raw material preheating is 350 ~ 400 DEG C.
The beneficial effect that the present invention compared with prior art has is: raw material is heated to approximately 400 ° of C in rotary kiln, be dried, pyrolysis, PVC Pyrolysis Experiment by early stage can be learnt, PVC, can the most of chlorine of fast eliminating (>75wt%) under the pyrolytical condition of 400 ° of C.Mainly there is (99%) with the form of hydrogen chloride gas in the chlorine removing, also has a small amount of chlorine.The gas that pyrolysis produces can be used as fuel gas and is used after dechlorination is processed.Discarded object through pre-dechlorination drops down onto one-level reciprocating fire grate, generating gasification and partial combustion, primary air nozzle and overfiren air port all adopt the mode of multi-wind-chamber segmentation cloth wind, make air distribution more reasonable when having increased disturbance, are conducive to the pyrolysis of fuel and separating out and fully burning of volatile matter; Afterbody has increased the layout of rotary fire grate and tertiary air, can, by broken unburnt bulk solid and stirring, effectively ensure the abundant mixing of fuel combustion process, has improved efficiency of combustion thereby realize low ash content carbon; Burner hearth adopts the arrangement of long rear arch, has strengthened face arch " α " type smoke backflow and radiation, thereby has improved the ignition temperature in fire grate and burner hearth, is conducive to catching fire and burning of low calorie fuels, and realizes the discharge of low pollutant.Afterbody arranges blower fan, and flue gas is caused to rotary kiln and one-level reciprocating fire grate place, for preheating feed, realizes making full use of of the energy.Outstanding advantage of the present invention is for can greatly reduce equipment corrosion and problem of environmental pollution, improve resource utilization, can also effectively improve in addition traditional fire grate incinerator mixing poor, the deficiency that burn-off rate is low, can reduce again high temperature resistant fire grate segment area, reduce investment simultaneously.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the workflow schematic diagram of the efficient moving bed gasification furnace apparatus with pre-dechlorination function.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Figure 1, comprise burner hearth with the efficient moving bed gasification furnace apparatus of pre-dechlorination function, feeding system, lime-ash gathering system, blowing system, rotary kiln, semidry method dechlorination system, two-section grate device, described two-section grate device is arranged on the bottom of burner hearth, and described feeding system comprises Mechanical Crushing device, feed hopper, screw feeder, feed hopper is installed on front wall one side of rotary kiln, and screw feeder is arranged in the below of rotary kiln front wall and feed hopper and is connected with feed hopper, and described two-section grate device, comprises one-level reciprocating fire grate, secondary rotary fire grate, the one-level reciprocating fire grate leading portion left and right sides is furnished with respectively gear device for coal, and one-level reciprocating fire grate comprises fixed grate film, movable furnace grate plate, cooling tube, built-in beam, walking beam, fixed grate film is connected with walking beam with built-in beam respectively with movable furnace grate plate, at fire grate, built-in beam, the arranged beneath of walking beam has cooling tube, is connected with fire grate by pipeline, and drive unit is drawn together in secondary rotary converter package, transmission device.
In rotary kiln, discarded object is dried under the effect of hot flue gas, pyrolysis, removes most of chlorine (>75wt%), and is attended by a small amount of Volatile.Mainly there is (99%) with the form of hydrogen chloride gas in the chlorine removing, also has a small amount of chlorine.The gas of separating out, after semidry method dechlorination, can be used as unstrpped gas and delivers to turbulent burner and be used.
Described two-section grate device, its one-level reciprocating fire grate inclination angle is 5 °, is supported by joist.Reciprocal grate adopts hydraulic-driven, and wherein fixed grate film is connected with built-in beam, and moving grate is driven by walking beam, thereby realizes the reciprocating motion of fire grate, drives fuel constantly to move.Gear device for coal is arranged respectively in the fire grate leading portion left and right sides, prevents fuel side leakage.Below reciprocating fire grate, be furnished with cooling tube, can cool furnace screening prevent fire grate segment excess Temperature.
Discarded object through pre-dechlorination drops down onto on one-level reciprocating fire grate, generating gasification and partial combustion.
Described primary air nozzle is arranged in the below of reciprocating furance row, and air compartment adopts acid-fast alkali-proof stainless steel material.Thereby three air compartments separately air-supply have been realized Even air distribution, make air-supply more reasonable, be conducive to the separating out and burn of pyrolysis, fugitive constituent of fuel.The lime-ash part that burning produces falls into the ash port of primary air nozzle below, and a part enters burner hearth with flue gas, and the residual ash in fire grate below can be cleaned out by shoot door.
Final stage rotary fire grate structure adopts half fluidised rotation disintegrating slag device, and its driving is mainly to be rotated by driven by motor rotating shaft, thereby then engages by rotating shaft driven gear the rotation slag disintegrating function of realizing rotary fire grate.Tertiary air orifice is arranged in the below of rotary fire grate, by fire grate gap, tertiary air is sent into burner hearth.Bulk uncombusted solid is from reciprocating furance row afterbody falls, fall into rotary fire grate above, by the rotary squeezing of rotary fire grate, thereby make bulk fuel crushing, sending into of tertiary air provides oxygen for the abundant burning of the uncombusted composition after fragmentation, improve efficiency of combustion, reduced the phosphorus content in lime-ash.Be extruded lime-ash after fragmentation by after again burning, remaining residue falls into discharging conical hopper, then collects through dipleg.
Described secondary air system comprise be positioned at the overfiren air port of upper furnace and be positioned at lower furnace portion after overfiren air port on wall, being blown into of Secondary Air increased the disturbance in burner hearth, is conducive to fully carrying out of gas-phase combustion.
Described gasifying furnace device, is provided with radiation rear arch in burner hearth inside, and rear arch and horizontal sextant angle are 10 °.Rear arch adopts the material of building of corrosion-and high-temp-resistant, and heatproof is greater than 1200 ° of C.Face arch " α " type smoke backflow and radiation have been strengthened in long chimney arch design, thereby have improved the ignition temperature in fire grate and burner hearth, are conducive to catching fire and burning of low calorie fuels, and realize the discharge of low pollutant, comprise conventional pollutant and lasting pollutant.
When work, first fuel send into feed hopper after Mechanical Crushing, by the screw feeder being connected with feed hopper, fuel sent into burner hearth and fallen into rotary kiln, realizes the dry and pyrolysis of fuel, is attended by separating out of a small amount of volatile matter.In discarded object contained chlorine major part at this one-phase with HCl and Cl
2form remove.The gas producing at this one-phase is volatile matter in raw material and harmful HCl/Cl
2the mixture of gas.Utilize subsequently semidry method dechlorination, can obtain clean fuel gas.Raw material through pre-dechlorination processing drops down onto on one-level reciprocating fire grate, the partial combustion of generating gasification and coke, volatile matter enters burner hearth with a wind and fully burns, the ash content of coke burning is fallen into ash dropping hopper and is collected by fire grate gap, after fuel combustion, remaining lime-ash falls on burner hearth afterbody rotary fire grate through the sliding sloping core in stove, the disintegrating slag of fritter falls into discharging conical hopper by the gap of rotary fire grate and burner hearth, the lime-ash of bulk is by the rotary squeezing of rotary fire grate, thereby be broken into little disintegrating slag, and in bulk lime-ash hiding uncompleted burned carbon also fragmentation is out, by the infeed of tertiary air, it is burnt cmpletely.The flue gas that burning produces simultaneously up flows with burner hearth, forms and streams, thereby realized the object that heats fire grate and increase radiation in burner hearth at burner hearth rear arch place, makes the easier ignition of low-calorie fuel.The flue-gas temperature producing after burning is very high, contains a large amount of heat energy.Remove bulky grain through cyclone separator, after recycling refractory ceramics separate small particles, high-temperature flue gas is caused to rotary kiln and one-level reciprocating fire grate place, for preheating discarded object, make it to remove most of chlorine (>75wt%), the energy utilization efficiency that can effectively improve device, contributes to again to reduce the discharge of pollutant.
Claims (10)
1. the efficient moving bed gasification furnace apparatus with pre-dechlorination function, its spy is being to comprise burner hearth, feeding system, lime-ash gathering system, blowing system, rotary kiln, semidry method dechlorination system, two-section grate device, described two-section grate device is arranged on the bottom of burner hearth, and described feeding system comprises Mechanical Crushing device, feed hopper, screw feeder, feed hopper is installed on front wall one side of rotary kiln, and screw feeder is arranged in the below of rotary kiln front wall and feed hopper and is connected with feed hopper, and described two-section grate device, comprises one-level reciprocating fire grate, secondary rotary fire grate, the one-level reciprocating fire grate leading portion left and right sides is furnished with respectively gear device for coal, and one-level reciprocating fire grate comprises fixed grate film, movable furnace grate plate, cooling tube, built-in beam, walking beam, fixed grate film is connected with walking beam with built-in beam respectively with movable furnace grate plate, at fire grate, built-in beam, the arranged beneath of walking beam has cooling tube, is connected with fire grate by pipeline, and drive unit is drawn together in secondary rotary converter package, transmission device.
2. according to the efficient moving bed gasification furnace apparatus of the pre-dechlorination function of band described in claims 1, it is characterized in that described one-level reciprocating fire grate and the angle of inclination of horizontal plane are 5 °, and supported by joist, one-level reciprocating fire grate moves back and forth and adopts hydraulic-driven.
3. according to the efficient moving bed gasification furnace apparatus of the pre-dechlorination function of band described in claims 1, it is characterized in that described secondary rotary converter row is arranged in the top of burner hearth afterbody lime-ash collection mouth, secondary rotary converter is lined up hemispherical, there is tooth to distribute above, the drive unit of secondary rotary fire grate is that motor drives, the transmission device connecting between motor and secondary rotary fire grate comprises main transmission section, power transmission shaft, the travelling gear connecting in turn and the rotating disk being driven by travelling gear, and below driven rotary fire grate that rotating disk is positioned at rotary fire grate rotate.
4. according to the efficient moving bed gasification furnace apparatus of the pre-dechlorination function of band described in claims 1, it is characterized in that described blowing system comprises primary air nozzle, three overfiren air ports and tertiary air orifice, once, the air quantity of secondary, tertiary air accounts for respectively and passes into 20%, 50%, 30% of air total amount.
5. according to the efficient moving bed gasification furnace apparatus of the pre-dechlorination function of band described in claims 4, it is characterized in that described primary air nozzle comprises three independent air compartments, be arranged in the below of one-level reciprocating fire grate and be connected with it, on the reciprocating stove of one-level, there is fire grate gap, one time wind enters in burner hearth by fire grate gap, three air compartments are independent of one another, two overfiren air ports in three described overfiren air ports are arranged in the vertical flue of upper furnace, become front-back wall to be arranged symmetrically with, another overfiren air port is arranged in the below of wall rear arch after burner hearth, described tertiary air orifice is arranged in the below of burner hearth afterbody rotary fire grate.
6. according to the efficient moving bed gasification furnace apparatus of the pre-dechlorination function of band described in claims 1, it is characterized in that described lime-ash gathering system comprises shoot door, ash port, discharging conical hopper and dipleg, shoot door be arranged on primary air nozzle before, the below of one-level reciprocating fire grate, ash port funnel, top is closely connected with the independent air compartment of primary air nozzle, and discharging conical hopper is positioned at the below of rotary fire grate, is connected below with dipleg.
7. according to the efficient moving bed gasification furnace apparatus of the pre-dechlorination function of band described in claims 1, it is characterized in that described burner hearth inside is provided with radiation rear arch.
8. according to the efficient moving bed gasification furnace apparatus of the pre-dechlorination function of band described in claims 1, it is characterized in that described radiation rear arch and horizontal plane angle are 10 °.
9. an enforcement dechlorination method for the efficient moving bed gasification furnace apparatus with pre-dechlorination function as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) first raw material sends into feed hopper after Mechanical Crushing device carries out Mechanical Crushing, by the screw feeder being connected with feed hopper, fuel is sent into burner hearth and fallen into rotary kiln, realize the dry and pyrolysis of fuel, and being attended by separating out of a small amount of volatile matter, rotary kiln outlet obtains mist; In discarded object, more than 75% chlorine of mass percent is with HCl and Cl
2form remove, thereby realize pre-dechlorination processing to raw material, mist is a small amount of volatile matter in raw material and harmful HCl/Cl
2the mixture of gas;
2) in semidry method dechlorination system, utilize semidry method to the mist dechlorination in step 1), obtain clean fuel gas;
3) drop down onto on one-level reciprocating fire grate through the raw material of pre-dechlorination processing, the partial combustion of generating gasification and coke, volatile matter enters burner hearth with a wind and fully burns, the ash content of coke burning is fallen into ash dropping hopper and is collected by fire grate gap, after the material combusting of pre-dechlorination processing, remaining lime-ash falls on burner hearth afterbody secondary rotary fire grate through the sliding sloping core in stove, the disintegrating slag of fritter falls into discharging conical hopper by the gap of secondary rotary fire grate and burner hearth, the lime-ash of bulk is by the rotary squeezing of rotary fire grate, thereby be broken into little disintegrating slag, and in bulk lime-ash hiding uncompleted burned carbon also fragmentation is out, by the infeed of tertiary air, it is burnt cmpletely,
4) flue gas that step 3) burning produces up flows with burner hearth, form and stream at burner hearth rear arch place, thereby realize the object of radiation in heating fire grate and increase burner hearth, make the easier ignition of low-calorie fuel, the flue-gas temperature producing after burning is very high, contain a large amount of heat energy, remove bulky grain through cyclone separator, after recycling refractory ceramics separate small particles, high-temperature flue gas is caused to rotary kiln and one-level reciprocating fire grate place, for preheating material, improve the energy utilization efficiency of device, help reduce the discharge of pollutant.
10. dechlorination method according to claim 9, in the step 4) of its spy described in being, the temperature after raw material preheating is 350 ~ 400 DEG C.
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| CN106833752A (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2017-06-13 | 浙江大学 | The house refuse of three-stage technique cooperates with pyrolysis gasifying device and method with high-alkali coal |
| CN108224437A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-06-29 | 北京亚高科能源科技有限公司 | A kind of rotary kiln incinerator and its operation method |
| CN110056878A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-07-26 | 梅丽中 | A kind of device of biomass incineration disposal organic liquid waste |
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Application publication date: 20140730 |