CN106833051B - 一种超疏水银涂料的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents

一种超疏水银涂料的制备方法及其应用 Download PDF

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CN106833051B
CN106833051B CN201710043057.3A CN201710043057A CN106833051B CN 106833051 B CN106833051 B CN 106833051B CN 201710043057 A CN201710043057 A CN 201710043057A CN 106833051 B CN106833051 B CN 106833051B
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袁志好
冯宇超
段月琴
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Tianjin University of Technology
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Abstract

一种超疏水银涂料的制备方法，步骤如下：将铜粉和硝酸银溶液反应置换出树枝状银；将制备的树枝状银加入以玻璃胶作为分散剂的乙醇中，并加入硅烷偶联剂对其进行疏水化改性得到具有超疏水性能的涂料。该涂料可以喷涂到玻璃和不锈钢网基底上，涂层表面的接触角超过150°，滚动角低于5°。本发明的优点是：该方法成本较低、工艺简单，制备的超疏水银涂层能长时间保持超疏水特性，具有良好的稳定性；可将其应用于多种基底表面使其实现超疏水性。

Description

一种超疏水银涂料的制备方法及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及超疏水银涂料的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
传统制备超疏水表面的方法大多为在固定基底上构建超疏水表面，即先通过不同方法在基底表面构建粗糙结构，然后通过降低构建表面的表面能来达到超疏水特性，这类方法往往具有工艺复杂操作难度大且成本较高，同时其需要特定基底限制了其在实际生活中的应用。而涂料由于其自身特性可将其涂在物体表面形成一层膜使物体与外界隔绝从而使物体免受外界各种腐蚀介质的腐蚀，延长材料的使用寿命，通过对普通涂料进行修饰后使其具有超疏水性可以作为具有特殊功能性涂料来使用。超疏水涂料由于其具有自清洁性、耐污染性等特点可广泛应用于生活中各领域。，而传统超疏水涂层普遍存在涂层与基底结合力差、稳定性差等缺点，在实际生活中应用有所局限性。
发明内容
本发明目的是针对以上存在问题，提出一种工艺简单、制作成本较低、可以适用于不同基底的超疏水银涂层的制备方法及其应用，且该涂层具有良好的稳定性。
本发明的技术方案：
一种超疏水银涂料的制备方法，步骤如下：
1)将铜粉加入去离子水中超声震荡0.5h以去除表面杂质，然后在无水乙醇中超声震荡0.5h以去除表面杂质，然后用去离子水洗三遍在60℃条件下烘干，将烘干后的铜粉将其分散于去离子水中，在暗光条件下将浓度为0.00625-0.4mol/L的AgNO3水溶液逐滴滴加入铜粉分散液中并不断搅拌，直至将AgNO3溶液完全滴加完，将生成的产物用去离子水清洗三遍在60℃条件下烘干，得到银粉；
2)将玻璃胶加入无水乙醇中搅拌直至玻璃胶在乙醇中均匀分散，得到分散液，玻璃胶在无水乙醇中的浓度为0.4g/ml-0.54g/mL；
3)将步骤1)中得到的烘干产物银粉加入步骤2)分散液中搅拌混合，然后加入十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷混合均匀以对混合液进行疏水化改性，制得超疏水银涂料；所述烘干产物与玻璃胶的质量比为1:4-5；十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷的加入量为产物质量的1-10％。
一种所制备的超疏水银涂料的应用，用于在基底上制备超疏水银涂层，所述基底为玻璃或不锈钢，方法如下：
将聚乙烯醇加入水中，聚乙烯醇的浓度为0.1-0.5g/mL，不断搅拌加热到95℃使其充分溶解，先在基底上涂一层聚乙烯醇，再涂一层超疏水银涂料，在60℃或室温条件下烘干，得到在基底上结合力增强的超疏水银涂层。
本发明的基本原理：首先通过铜粉和AgNO3溶液反应置换出银，由于制备出的银的结构呈树枝状，很大程度增加了其表面的粗糙度，将玻璃胶加入乙醇中搅拌使其均匀分散在乙醇中成为玻璃溶胶使其与基底具有较好的结合力，将树枝状银加入其中增加了玻璃溶胶的粗糙度，加入硅烷偶联剂对其进行修饰后使其成为超疏水银涂料。
本发明的优点是：
该制备方法工艺简单，摆脱了固定基底的束缚，且制备的超疏水银涂层与基底的结合力较强，可将其应用于不同基底表面，实现基底表面的超疏水性；制备的超疏水银涂层能长时间保持超疏水特性，具有良好的稳定性；该超疏水涂层在不同温度下表面疏水性能仍然未发生明显变化，具有较好的热稳定性；不加聚乙烯醇的涂层在硬度为5H的铅笔划动下可将其划破，加入聚乙烯醇后涂料与基底的结合力有明显增强，未被硬度为5H的铅笔划破。
附图说明
图1为铜粉和AgNO3溶液制备出的银的扫描电镜图片。
图2为超疏水银涂层在玻璃表面的接触角。
图3为超疏水银涂料分别在不同目数的不锈钢网上的疏水图片，a、b、c、d分别为在8目、20目、60目、100目的不锈钢网。
图4为超疏水银涂料照片。
图5为不加聚乙烯醇与加入聚乙烯醇的超疏水银在玻璃片表面的图片，图中a)为不加聚乙烯醇的涂层；b)为加了聚乙烯醇涂层。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
一种超疏水银涂料的制备方法，步骤如下：
1)将0.16g铜粉加入50mL去离子水中超声震荡0.5h以去除表面杂质，然后在50mL无水乙醇中超声震荡0.5h以去除表面杂质，然后用去离子水洗三遍在60℃条件下烘干，将烘干后的铜粉将其分散于50mL去离子水中，在暗光条件下将浓度为0.025mol/L的AgNO3水溶液逐滴滴加入铜粉分散液中并不断搅拌，直至将AgNO3溶液完全滴加完，将生成的产物用去离子水清洗三遍在60℃条件下烘干，得到银粉；
图1为铜粉和AgNO3溶液制备出的银的扫描电镜图片，图中表明：超疏水涂料里面包含树枝状银。
2)将6g玻璃胶加入15mL无水乙醇中搅拌直至玻璃胶在乙醇中均匀分散至胶体无明显团聚的颗粒，得到分散液；
3)将步骤1)中得到的1.5g烘干产物银粉加入步骤2)分散液中搅拌混合，然后加入50μL十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷搅拌2h混合均匀以对混合液进行疏水化改性，制得超疏水银涂料。
图4为超疏水银涂料照片，图中表明：银在涂料中均匀分布。
一种所制备的超疏水银涂料的应用，用于在玻璃片基底上制备超疏水银涂层，方法如下：
将1.5g聚乙烯醇加入15mL水中，，不断搅拌加热到95℃使其充分溶解，先在玻璃片上涂一层聚乙烯醇，再涂一层超疏水银涂料，在60℃条件下烘干，得到在基底上结合力增强的超疏水银涂层。
图2为超疏水银涂层在玻璃表面的接触角，图中测得其表面接触角为150.9°，滚动角为5°。
图5为不加聚乙烯醇与加入聚乙烯醇的超疏水银在玻璃片表面的图片，图中a)为不加聚乙烯醇的涂层；b)为加了聚乙烯醇涂层。图中表明：加了聚乙烯醇的超疏水银涂层与基底的结合力有明显增强。
实施例2：
一种超疏水银涂料的制备方法，步骤与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：基底分别为8目、20目、60目、100目的不锈钢网。
图3为超疏水银涂料分别在不同目数的不锈钢网上的疏水图片，a、b、c、d分别为在8目、20目、60目、100目的不锈钢网。图中表明：涂有超疏水银涂料的不锈钢网表面具有良好的疏水性能。

Claims (2)

1.一种超疏水银涂料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤如下：
1)将铜粉加入去离子水中超声震荡0.5h以去除表面杂质，然后在无水乙醇中超声震荡0.5h以去除表面杂质，然后用去离子水洗三遍在60℃条件下烘干，将烘干后的铜粉将其分散于去离子水中，在暗光条件下将浓度为0.00625-0.4mol/L的AgNO3水溶液逐滴滴加入铜粉分散液中并不断搅拌，直至将AgNO3溶液完全滴加完，将生成的产物用去离子水清洗三遍在60℃条件下烘干，得到银粉；
2)将玻璃胶加入无水乙醇中搅拌直至玻璃胶在乙醇中均匀分散，得到分散液，玻璃胶在无水乙醇中的浓度为0.4g/mL -0.54g/mL；
3)将步骤1)中得到的烘干产物银粉加入步骤2)分散液中搅拌混合，然后加入十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷混合均匀以对混合液进行疏水化改性，制得超疏水银涂料；所述烘干产物与玻璃胶的质量比为1:4-5；十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷的加入量为产物质量的1-10％。
2.一种权利要求1所制备的超疏水银涂料的应用，其特征在于用于在基底上制备超疏水银涂层，所述基底为玻璃或不锈钢，方法如下：
将聚乙烯醇加入水中，聚乙烯醇的浓度为0.1-0.5g/mL，不断搅拌加热到95℃使其充分溶解，先在基底上涂一层聚乙烯醇，再涂一层超疏水银涂料，在60℃或室温条件下烘干，得到在基底上结合力增强的超疏水银涂层。
CN201710043057.3A 2017-01-19 2017-01-19 一种超疏水银涂料的制备方法及其应用 Active CN106833051B (zh)

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