CN106832204A - 一种改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106832204A
CN106832204A CN201710007695.XA CN201710007695A CN106832204A CN 106832204 A CN106832204 A CN 106832204A CN 201710007695 A CN201710007695 A CN 201710007695A CN 106832204 A CN106832204 A CN 106832204A
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polyurethane
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heat insulating
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CN106832204B (zh
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李茂东
王晴
丁兆洋
刘娟
谷亚新
李榕根
杨麟
何勃
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Shenyang Jianzhu University
Guangzhou Special Pressure Equipment Inspection and Research Institute
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Guangzhou Special Pressure Equipment Inspection and Research Institute
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料及其制备方法,所述改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料,由聚酯多元醇,多异氰酸酯,废旧聚氨酯改性料,发泡剂,交联剂,扩链剂,匀泡剂,复合催化剂制备而成;其中聚酯多元醇33~37份,多异氰酸酯26~29份,废旧聚氨酯改性料31~35份,发泡剂1~2份,交联剂0.5~1份,扩链剂0.5~1份,匀泡剂0.4~1.5份,复合催化剂0.8份。所述废旧聚氨酯改性料由废旧聚氨酯粉末,丙三醇,二甘醇,乙二醇制备而成;其中废旧聚氨酯粉末65~75份,丙三醇10~14份,二甘醇5~15份,乙二醇5~13份。相对于现有技术,本发明采用多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯、聚酯多元醇为主要原料,以废弃的聚酯瓶回收料醇解后的产物为改性剂,制备出一种高性能低成本的改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料。

Description

一种改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑屋面保温材料领域,尤其涉及一种改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来建筑火灾的频繁发生,与建筑墙体保温层的材料不无关系,如何提高建筑外墙保温材料的防火安全性能已成为事关民生安全的重要课题。目前从保温材料耐火等级的角度看,用于外保温系统的保温材料主要分为3大类:有机高分子保温材料、无机类保温材料、有机无机复合保温材料。有机保温材料因其不耐高温、易燃等缺陷而发展受限,并且随着我国节能标准不断完善,安全防火性能要求更加严格,有机保温材料的使用将会受到更大的限制。
聚氨酯(Polyurethane,简称PU)是聚氨基甲酸酯的简称,聚氨基甲酸酯是指在高分子主链上包含有许多重复的-NHCOO-基团的高分子化合物。聚氨酯类聚合物可划分为塑料、纤维、橡胶、涂料、胶黏剂等不同品种,泡沫塑料是聚氨酯类聚合物的主要品种之一,由于所用原料的不同与配方的变化,可以制备出软质、半硬质、硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料等几种。硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料是指在一定负荷的作用下不会发生明显形变,但是当负荷过大发生形变之后不能恢复到初始状态的泡沫塑料。硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料是一种低密度、高交联度的闭孔网状结构的泡沫塑料,具有质轻、吸音、保温性好、缓冲抗震性良好、压缩强度高、尺寸稳定性好等一系列优点;同时加工方式灵活,固化速度快,成型施工方便。因此,硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料是建筑物的屋顶、天花板、墙板、地板等部位理想的保温材料。硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料在作为承载结构材料的应用中,不仅要求质轻,还要求有优良的压缩强度、模量和尺寸稳定性。但目前的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的机械性能、热性能等不能满足实际应用需求,而为了满足标准制备得到的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的成本较高,现有技术中尚没有开发出一种成本低、性能优良的用于屋面保温的聚氨酯材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的缺点和不足,提供一种改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料及其制备方法,用于建筑屋面保温系统。本发明所述的改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料的密度为33kg/m3-43kg/m3,导热系数为0.016w/m·k-0.026w/m·k,抗压强度为2.4kg/cm2-3.0kg/cm2,闭口孔率>93%,吸水率<3%,软化点为275℃-289℃。与现有聚氨酯保温材料相比,本发明所述的改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料使用了大量的聚氨酯废弃料,极大地降低了成本,而且其性能也符合行业标准,符合工业化需求。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的,一种改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料,由以下各原料制备而成:聚酯多元醇,多异氰酸酯,废旧聚氨酯改性料,发泡剂,交联剂,扩链剂,匀泡剂,复合催化剂;其中各原料重量份数分别为:聚酯多元醇33~37份,多异氰酸酯26~30份,废旧聚氨酯改性料31~35份,发泡剂1.5~2份,交联剂0.8~1份,扩链剂0.7~0.9份,匀泡剂1.1~1.5份,复合催化剂0.8份。
相对于现有技术,本发明采用多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯、聚酯多元醇为主要原料,以废弃的聚酯瓶回收料醇解后的产物为改性剂,制备出一种改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料。改性剂能使聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的抗压强度较高,导热系数较小,密度也相对较小,吸水率等性能也符合相应要求,最重要的是极大地降低了成本,符合工业化需求。
进一步,所述废旧聚氨酯改性料由以下各原料制备而成:废旧聚氨酯粉末,丙三醇,二甘醇,乙二醇;其中各原料重量份数分别为:废旧聚氨酯粉末65~75份,丙三醇10~14份,二甘醇5~15份,乙二醇5~13份。利用废旧聚氨酯粉末,能够在改性聚氨酯硬质泡沫的同时,降低成本,制备得到低成本、高性能的聚氨酯屋面保温材料。
进一步,所述多异氰酸酯为多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯;所述交联剂为三羟甲基丙烷;所述匀泡剂为有机硅泡沫稳定剂。
进一步,所述发泡剂为水与二氯甲烷混合物,所述水与二氯甲烷的重量比为1:1。
进一步,所述扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇。
进一步,所述复合催化剂为二丁基锡二月桂酸酯与三乙烯二胺的混合物,二丁基锡二月桂酸酯与三乙烯二胺的重量比为5:1。
本发明还提供了一种改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按比例称取聚酯多元醇、发泡剂、交联剂、扩链剂、匀泡剂、复合催化剂混合后,按配比加入废旧聚氨酯改性料后,搅拌使其混合均匀制成A料;
(2)称取一定量A料,再加入B料快速搅拌,所述B料为多异氰酸酯;待混合液颜色开始变化时,倒入模具中使其发泡,固化后冷却得到改性聚氨酯保温材料。
进一步,所述废旧聚氨酯改性料的制备方法为:将废旧聚氨酯料进行粉碎,洗净,烘干处理,得到废旧聚氨酯粉末;按比例称取一定量废旧聚氨酯粉末、丙三醇、二甘醇和乙二醇混合后,加热直到废旧聚氨酯粉末溶解,得到混合物液体;继续升温至混合物液体沸腾时开始搅拌,并保持温度不变,待混合物液体变成淡黄色透明液体时结束反应;冷却至室温后将淡黄色很透明液体调节至中性并经过水洗、减压蒸馏处理得到浅棕黄色透明液体,所得浅棕黄色透明液体为废旧聚氨酯改性料;所述废旧聚氨酯粉末、丙三醇、二甘醇和乙二醇的重量份数分别为:废旧聚氨酯粉末65~75份,丙三醇10~14份,二甘醇5~15份,乙二醇5~13份。
进一步,所述的步骤(1)中废旧聚氨酯料的粉碎、洗净和烘干处理为,将废旧聚氨酯料粉磨至38um,过400目筛,采用去离子水进行清洗,然后放入烘干箱中烘干,烘干温度为80℃,烘干时间为4h。
进一步,所述的步骤(2)的发泡时间为45~60s;所述的步骤(2)的固化时间为60~90s。
本发明的有益效果如下:
(1)本发明涉及的一种改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料使用了大量的废弃聚酯瓶回收料,变废为宝,绿化环境;
(2)本发明涉及的一种改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料使用了大量的废弃聚酯瓶回收料,节省制备成本;
(3)本发明涉及的一种改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料制备工艺简单,适合于生产;
(4)本发明涉及的一种改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料各项性能符合相关行业标准,符合工业化需求。
为了更好地理解和实施,下面详细说明本发明。
具体实施方式
本发明所述的改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料,由以下各原料制备而成:聚酯多元醇,多异氰酸酯,废旧聚氨酯改性料,发泡剂,交联剂,扩链剂,匀泡剂,复合催化剂;其中各原料重量份数分别为:聚酯多元醇33~37份,多异氰酸酯26~30份,废旧聚氨酯改性料31~35份,发泡剂1.5~2份,交联剂0.8~1份,扩链剂0.7~0.9份,匀泡剂1.1~1.5份,复合催化剂0.8份。
所述废旧聚氨酯改性料由以下各原料制备而成:废旧聚氨酯粉末,丙三醇,二甘醇,乙二醇;其中各原料重量份数分别为:废旧聚氨酯粉末65~75份,丙三醇10~14份,二甘醇5~15份,乙二醇5~13份。
所述多异氰酸酯为多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯。所述多异氰酸酯为多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯。所述发泡剂为水与二氯甲烷混合物,所述水与二氯甲烷的重量比为1:1。所述交联剂为三羟甲基丙烷。所述扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇。所述匀泡剂为有机硅泡沫稳定剂。所述复合催化剂为二丁基锡二月桂酸酯与三乙烯二胺的混合物,二丁基锡二月桂酸酯与三乙烯二胺的重量比为5:1。
实施例1
本实施例所述的改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料,由以下各原料制备而成:聚酯多元醇,多异氰酸酯,废旧聚氨酯改性料,发泡剂,交联剂,扩链剂,匀泡剂,复合催化剂。其中各原料的重量份数分别为:聚酯多元醇33份,多异氰酸酯30份,废旧聚氨酯改性料32份,发泡剂1.5份,交联剂0.8份,扩链剂0.8份,匀泡剂1.1份,复合催化剂0.8份。
所述废旧聚氨酯改性料由以下各原料制备而成:废旧聚氨酯粉末,丙三醇,二甘醇,乙二醇。其中各原料重量份数:废旧聚氨酯粉末70份,丙三醇13份,二甘醇12份,乙二醇5份。
本实施例所述的改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将废旧聚氨酯瓶进行粉碎处理,粉磨要求过400目筛(粉磨至38um),采用去离子水将聚氨酯瓶的粉料洗净,放入烘箱中烘干,温度为80℃,烘干时间为4h。按上述废旧聚氨酯改性料的重量份数比例称取一定量废旧聚氨酯粉末、丙三醇、二甘醇和乙二醇,置于三口烧瓶中,在调温电热套中加热直到废旧聚氨酯粉末溶解,得到混合物液体。继续升温至三口瓶中的混合物液体沸腾时开动搅拌器,并保持温度不变,待混合物液体变成淡黄色透明液体时结束反应。冷却至室温后将淡黄色透明液体调节至中性并经过水洗、减压蒸馏处理等得到浅棕黄色透明液体,所得浅棕黄色透明液体为废旧聚氨酯改性料。
(2)按上述改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料的重量份数比例称取聚酯多元醇、发泡剂、交联剂、扩链剂、匀泡剂、复合催化剂放入塑料烧杯中,并按配比加入废旧聚氨酯改性料后,搅拌使其混合均匀制成A料。
(3)称取一定量A料于小烧杯中,再加入B料,快速搅拌,待混合液颜色开始变化时,倒入模具中使其发泡,发泡时间为50s,固化过程为90s,冷却一段时间即得到改性聚氨酯保温材料。其中,所述B料为多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯。
本实施例制得改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料,其性能为:密度为37kg/m3,导热系数为0.019w/m·k,抗压强度为2.6kg/cm2,闭口孔率=95%,吸水率=2.7%,软化点为277℃,各项性能符合行业标准,符合工业化需求。
相对于现有技术,本发明采用多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯、聚酯多元醇为主要原料,以废弃的聚酯瓶回收料醇解后的产物为改性剂,制备出一种改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料。改性剂能使聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的抗压强度较高,导热系数较小,密度也相对较小,吸水率等性能也符合相应要求,最重要的是极大地降低了成本,符合工业化需求。
实施例2
本实施例所述的改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料,由以下各原料制备而成:聚酯多元醇,多异氰酸酯,废旧聚氨酯改性料,发泡剂,交联剂,扩链剂,匀泡剂,复合催化剂。其中各原料的重量份数分别为:聚酯多元醇35份,多异氰酸酯26份,废旧聚氨酯改性料33份,发泡剂2份,交联剂1份,扩链剂0.7份,匀泡剂1.5份,复合催化剂0.8份。
所述废旧聚氨酯改性料由以下各原料制备而成:废旧聚氨酯粉末,丙三醇,二甘醇,乙二醇。其中各原料重量份数:废旧聚氨酯粉末65份,丙三醇14份,二甘醇8份,乙二醇13份。
本实施例所述的改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将废旧聚氨酯瓶进行粉碎处理,粉磨要求过400目筛,采用去离子水将聚氨酯瓶的粉料洗净,放入烘箱中烘干,温度为80℃,烘干时间为4h。按上述废旧聚氨酯改性料的重量份数比例称取一定量废旧聚氨酯粉末、丙三醇、二甘醇和乙二醇,置于三口烧瓶中,在调温电热套中加热直到废旧聚氨酯粉末溶解,得到混合物液体。继续升温至三口瓶中的混合物液体沸腾时开动搅拌器,并保持温度不变,待混合物液体变成淡黄色透明液体时结束反应。冷却至室温后将淡黄色透明液体调节至中性并经过水洗、减压蒸馏处理等得到浅棕黄色透明液体,所得浅棕黄色透明液体为废旧聚氨酯改性料。
(2)按上述改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料的重量份数比例称取聚酯多元醇、发泡剂、交联剂、扩链剂、匀泡剂、复合催化剂放入塑料烧杯中,并按配比加入废旧聚氨酯改性料后,搅拌使其混合均匀制成A料。
(3)称取一定量A料于小烧杯中,再加入B料,快速搅拌,待混合液颜色开始变化时,倒入模具中使其发泡,发泡时间为50s,固化过程为90s,冷却一段时间即得到改性聚氨酯保温材料。其中,所述B料为多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯。
本实施例制得改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料,其性能为:密度为42kg/m3,导热系数为0.024w/m·k,抗压强度为2.9kg/cm2,闭口孔率=96%,吸水率=2.5%,软化点为285℃,各项性能符合行业标准,符合工业化需求。
实施例3
本实施例所述的改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料,由以下各原料制备而成:聚酯多元醇,多异氰酸酯,废旧聚氨酯改性料,发泡剂,交联剂,扩链剂,匀泡剂,复合催化剂。其中各原料的重量份数分别为:聚酯多元醇37份,多异氰酸酯26份,废旧聚氨酯改性料31份,发泡剂2份,交联剂0.9份,扩链剂0.9份,匀泡剂1.4份,复合催化剂0.8份。
所述废旧聚氨酯改性料由以下各原料制备而成:废旧聚氨酯粉末,丙三醇,二甘醇,乙二醇。其中各原料重量份数:废旧聚氨酯粉末75份,丙三醇10份,二甘醇5份,乙二醇10份。
本实施例所述的改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将废旧聚氨酯瓶进行粉碎处理,粉磨要求过400目筛,采用去离子水将聚氨酯瓶的粉料洗净,放入烘箱中烘干,温度为80℃,烘干时间为4h。按上述废旧聚氨酯改性料的重量份数比例称取一定量废旧聚氨酯粉末、丙三醇、二甘醇和乙二醇,置于三口烧瓶中,在调温电热套中加热直到废旧聚氨酯粉末溶解,得到混合物液体。继续升温至三口瓶中的混合物液体沸腾时开动搅拌器,并保持温度不变,待混合物液体变成淡黄色透明液体时结束反应。冷却至室温后将淡黄色透明液体调节至中性并经过水洗、减压蒸馏处理等得到浅棕黄色透明液体,所得浅棕色透明液体为废旧聚氨酯改性料。
(2)按上述改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料的重量份数比例称取聚酯多元醇、发泡剂、交联剂、扩链剂、匀泡剂、复合催化剂放入塑料烧杯中,并按配比加入废旧聚氨酯改性料后,搅拌使其混合均匀制成A料。
(3)称取一定量A料于小烧杯中,再加入B料,快速搅拌,待混合液颜色开始变化时,倒入模具中使其发泡,发泡时间为50s,固化过程为90s,冷却一段时间即得到改性聚氨酯保温材料。其中,所述B料为多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯。
本实施例制得改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料,其性能为:密度为34kg/m3,导热系数为0.017w/m·k,抗压强度为2.43kg/cm2,闭口孔率=93%,吸水率=3%,软化点为277℃,各项性能符合行业标准,符合工业化需求。
本发明并不局限于上述实施方式,如果对本发明的各种改动或变形不脱离本发明的精神和范围,倘若这些改动和变形属于本发明的权利要求和等同技术范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变形。

Claims (10)

1.一种改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料,其特征在于:由以下各原料制备而成:聚酯多元醇,多异氰酸酯,废旧聚氨酯改性料,发泡剂,交联剂,扩链剂,匀泡剂,复合催化剂;其中各原料重量份数分别为:聚酯多元醇33~37份,多异氰酸酯26~29份,废旧聚氨酯改性料31~35份,发泡剂1~2份,交联剂0.5~1份,扩链剂0.5~1份,匀泡剂0.4~1.5份,复合催化剂0.8份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料,其特征在于:所述废旧聚氨酯改性料由以下各原料制备而成:废旧聚氨酯粉末,丙三醇,二甘醇,乙二醇;其中各原料重量份数分别为:废旧聚氨酯粉末65~75份,丙三醇10~14份,二甘醇5~15份,乙二醇5~13份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料,其特征在于:所述多异氰酸酯为多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯;所述交联剂为三羟甲基丙烷;所述匀泡剂为有机硅泡沫稳定剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料,其特征在于:所述发泡剂为水与二氯甲烷混合物,所述水与二氯甲烷的重量比为1:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料,其特征在于:所述扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇。
6.根据权利要求1所述的改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料,其特征在于:所述复合催化剂为二丁基锡二月桂酸酯与三乙烯二胺的混合物,二丁基锡二月桂酸酯与三乙烯二胺的重量比为5:1。
7.一种根据权利要求1-6中任一权利要求所述的改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)按比例称取聚酯多元醇、发泡剂、交联剂、扩链剂、匀泡剂、复合催化剂混合后,按配比加入废旧聚氨酯改性料后,搅拌使其混合均匀制成A料;
(2)称取一定量A料,按比例加入B料快速搅拌,所述B料为多异氰酸酯;待混合液颜色开始变化时,倒入模具中使其发泡,固化后冷却得到改性聚氨酯保温材料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述废旧聚氨酯改性料的制备方法为:将废旧聚氨酯料进行粉碎,洗净,烘干处理,得到废旧聚氨酯粉末;按比例称取一定量废旧聚氨酯粉末、丙三醇、二甘醇和乙二醇混合后,加热直到废旧聚氨酯粉末溶解,得到混合物液体;继续升温至混合物液体沸腾时开始搅拌,并保持温度不变,待混合物液体变成淡黄色透明液体时结束反应;冷却至室温后将淡黄色透明液体调节至中性并经过水洗、减压蒸馏处理得到浅棕黄色透明液体,所得浅棕黄色透明液体为废旧聚氨酯改性料;所述废旧聚氨酯粉末、丙三醇、二甘醇和乙二醇的重量份数分别为:废旧聚氨酯粉末65~75份,丙三醇10~14份,二甘醇5~15份,乙二醇5~13份。
9.根据权利要求7所述的改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤(1)中废旧聚氨酯料的粉碎、洗净和烘干处理为,将废旧聚氨酯料粉磨至38um,过400目筛,采用去离子水进行清洗,然后放入烘干箱中烘干,烘干温度为80℃,烘干时间为4h。
10.根据权利要求7所述的改性聚氨酯屋面保温材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤(2)的发泡时间为45~60s;所述的步骤(2)的固化时间为60~90s。
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