CN105542103B - 一种复合发泡保温材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种复合发泡保温材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105542103B
CN105542103B CN201510977432.2A CN201510977432A CN105542103B CN 105542103 B CN105542103 B CN 105542103B CN 201510977432 A CN201510977432 A CN 201510977432A CN 105542103 B CN105542103 B CN 105542103B
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廖辉伟
曾卓
邓秋林
郭文杰
王少波
武兵
武一兵
李孟秋
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Abstract

一种复合发泡保温材料及其制备方法,所述保温材料由以下重量份数的原料制成,低羟值聚醚多元醇90~380份,高羟值聚醚多元醇5~105份,表面活性剂1~5份,60~200目废轮胎胶粉20~200份,二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯40~176份,发泡剂35~155份。本发明之复合发泡保温材料为具有良好力学性能和保温性能的聚氨酯软泡,并且合成聚氨酯软泡不使用催化剂、方法简单、易操作、成本低。实验证明,本发明通过添加废旧轮胎胶粉与聚氨酯材料相互配合,有效增强了聚氨酯软泡的保温性,产品导热系数低于0.035W/(m·K),体积密度小于70Kg/m3。该复合发泡保温材料用于建筑物墙体及地板,可起到较好的保温降噪作用。

Description

一种复合发泡保温材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种保温建筑材料及其制备方法,具体涉及一种复合发泡保温材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
我国能源面临紧缺,其中建筑耗能是能源消耗的重要组成部分。据相关报道,建筑物约有三分之一的热量是经外墙传向室外。因此,提高墙体的保温性能,改善室内热环境质量和节约采暖能耗具有重大意义。
现今,聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料是用于建筑物墙体保温最多的一种材料,而关于改性聚氨酯软质泡沫作为墙体保温材料却未见报道。聚氨酯软泡具有透气、吸音、保温、过滤等性能,主要应用于家具用品、医疗卫生设备、建筑装饰、商品包装等领域,已成为聚氨酯泡沫塑料中用量最大,产量最高的一个品种。
目前,聚氨酯软泡均是在催化剂存在下制备而成,成本高,工艺复杂。同时,随着全球汽车工业和制造业的高速发展,废旧轮胎越来越多。大量堆积的废轮胎不仅不易腐化,而且容易引发火灾,滋生蚊虫,成为世界各国普遍面临的难题。因此,大力发展废旧轮胎的综合利用,变废为宝,缓解轮胎资源的短缺已经成为现今亟待解决的问题。因此,若能开发一种将废轮胎胶粉作为聚氨酯软泡的填充材料,在无催化剂条件下制备一种新型复合发泡保温材料,不仅能有效缓解轮胎污染,并且也可以提高聚氨酯软泡的力学性能和保温性能,无论对于能源高效的研究还是废轮胎的回收利用,已经是当务之急。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,提供用于墙体或室内地板保温的复合发泡保温材料及其在无催化剂条件下的制备方法。该方法工艺简单、易操作、成本低,适于聚氨酯软泡作为建筑保温材料的工业化生产。
本发明解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是,一种复合发泡保温材料,由以下重量份数的原料制成,低羟值聚醚多元醇90~380份(优选152份),高羟值聚醚多元醇5~105份(优选8份),表面活性剂1~5份(优选1.2份),60~200目(优选120目)废轮胎胶粉20~200份(优选40份),二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯40~176份(优选40份),发泡剂35~155份(优选35份)。
进一步,所述低羟值聚醚多元醇与高羟值聚醚多元醇平均分子量为2000~7000,羟值平均值为25~60mgKOH/g。
进一步,所述低羟值聚醚多元醇为聚乙二醇4000,聚乙二醇6000或聚乙二醇20000;所述高羟值聚醚多元醇为聚乙二醇200,聚乙二醇400或聚乙二醇600。
进一步,所述表面活性剂为二甲基硅油或二乙基硅油。
进一步,所述二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯为4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯和2,2’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
进一步,所述发泡剂为二氯甲烷、正戊烷和环戊烷中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
本发明进一步解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是,一种复合发泡保温材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按比例称取低羟值聚醚多元醇于烧杯中,置于恒温设备中保持恒定温度为60~95℃(优选恒定温度为75℃)加热至熔融,然后加入废轮胎胶粉、高羟值聚醚多元醇、表面活性剂、恒温搅拌均匀;
(2)按比例称取二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯溶于发泡剂中,搅拌均匀,然后加入步骤(1)中的混合体系,采用与步骤(1)相同的恒定温度搅拌10~25s(优选搅拌时间为15s),接着在发泡温度为25~35℃(优选发泡温度为28℃)下使混合物自由发泡,最后在熟化温度为25~35℃(优选熟化温度为28℃)下熟化1~48h(优选熟化时间为30h),即成。
本发明将废旧轮胎胶粉作为聚氨酯软泡保温材料的填料,在无催化剂存在下即可合成具有质轻、节能、保温的环保型聚氨酯软泡墙体或室内地板保温材料,不仅有效缓解了轮胎污染,而且也提高了聚氨酯软泡作为墙体或地板保温材料的性能。
本发明之复合发泡保温材料为具有良好力学性能和保温性能的聚氨酯软泡,并且合成聚氨酯软泡无催化剂、方法简单、易操作、成本低。实验证明,本发明通过添加轮胎胶粉与聚氨酯材料相互配合,有效增强了聚氨酯软泡的保温性,产品导热系数低于0.035W/m.K,体积密度小于70Kg/m3
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1:复合发泡保温材料的制备
(1)称取90g聚乙二醇4000于烧杯中,放入油浴锅保持60℃加热至熔融,加入30g胶粉(60目),5g聚乙二醇200,1g表面活性剂二甲基硅油,恒温搅拌均匀;
(2)称取43g 4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯溶于38g二氯甲烷,搅拌均匀,加入步骤(1)中的混合体系,恒定温度搅拌25s,使混合物于35℃自由发泡、熟化1h得到复合发泡保温材料。
复合发泡保温材料按照GB/T6344-2008测定,其拉伸强度为
134KPa。导热系数为0.027W/(m·K),体积密度为63Kg/m3
实施例2:复合发泡保温材料的制备
(1)称取152g聚乙二醇6000于烧杯中,放入油浴锅保持75℃加热至熔融,加入40g胶粉(120目),8g聚乙二醇400,1.2g表面活性剂二乙基硅油,恒温搅拌均匀;
(2)称取40g 2,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯溶于35g正戊烷,搅拌均匀,加入步骤(1)中的混合体系,恒定温度搅拌10s,使混合物于28℃自由发泡、熟化30h得到复合发泡保温材料。
复合发泡保温材料按照GB/T6344-2008测定,其拉伸强度为142KPa。导热系数为0.031W/(m·K),体积密度为66Kg/m3
实施例3:复合发泡保温材料的制备
(1)称取380g聚乙二醇20000于烧杯中,放入油浴锅保持95℃加热至熔融,加入200g胶粉(200目),105g聚乙二醇600,4.5g表面活性剂二甲基硅油,恒温搅拌均匀;
(2)称取176g 2,2’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯溶于155g环戊烷,搅拌均匀,加入步骤(1)中的混合体系,恒定温度搅拌15s,使混合物于25℃下自由发泡、熟化48h得到复合发泡保温材料。
复合发泡保温材料按照GB/T6344-2008测定,其拉伸强度为125KPa。导热系数为0.026W/(m·K),体积密度为68Kg/m3

Claims (8)

1.一种复合发泡保温材料,其特征在于,由以下重量份数的原料制成,低羟值聚乙二醇152份,高羟值聚乙二醇8份,表面活性剂1~5份,120目废轮胎胶粉40份,二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯40~176份,发泡剂35~155份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合发泡保温材料,其特征在于,该材料用于建筑墙体或地板保温,所述高羟值聚乙二醇分子量为200~600,低羟值聚乙二醇分子量为4000~20000。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合发泡保温材料,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂为二甲基硅油或二乙基硅油。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合发泡保温材料,其特征在于,所述二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯为4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯和2,2’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合发泡保温材料,其特征在于,所述发泡剂为二氯甲烷、正戊烷和环戊烷中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
6.一种如权利要求1~5之一所述的复合发泡保温材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)按比例称取低羟值聚乙二醇于烧杯中,置于恒温设备中保持恒定温度为60~95℃加热至熔融,然后加入废轮胎胶粉、高羟值聚乙二醇、表面活性剂、恒温搅拌均匀;
(2)按比例称取二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯溶于发泡剂中,搅拌均匀,然后加入步骤(1)中的混合体系,采用与步骤(1)相同的恒定温度搅拌10~25s,接着在发泡温度为25~35℃下使混合物自由发泡,最后在熟化温度为25~35℃下熟化1~48h,即成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的复合发泡保温材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述恒定温度为75℃。
8.根据权利要求6所述的复合发泡保温材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述搅拌时间为15s,发泡温度为28℃,熟化温度为28℃,熟化时间为30h。
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