CN106810741A - 一种保温性好聚氯乙烯塑料电缆材料 - Google Patents

一种保温性好聚氯乙烯塑料电缆材料 Download PDF

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CN106810741A
CN106810741A CN201611184045.4A CN201611184045A CN106810741A CN 106810741 A CN106810741 A CN 106810741A CN 201611184045 A CN201611184045 A CN 201611184045A CN 106810741 A CN106810741 A CN 106810741A
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唐亮
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种保温性好聚氯乙烯塑料电缆材料,其原料按重量份包括:聚氯乙烯15‑35份,聚乙烯10‑20份,腰果酚醛树脂5‑12份,尿素0.5‑1.2份,椰子纤维5‑15份,钛酸酯偶联剂1‑3份,蚕丝纤维5‑10份,改性蒙脱土2‑6份,煅烧高岭土2‑6份,膨润土1‑8份,抗静电剂1‑3份,聚‑β‑羟丁酸2‑10份,钛酸钾纤维2‑6份,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.2‑0.6份,环氧大豆油0.2‑0.6份,磺化鱼油1‑3份,叔丁基对苯二酚1‑3份,松香2‑8份。本发明提出的保温性好聚氯乙烯塑料电缆材料,保温性能极好,生物降解性好,抗拉伸性能和耐冲击性能好,吸水率低。

Description

一种保温性好聚氯乙烯塑料电缆材料
技术领域
本发明涉及塑料技术领域,尤其涉及一种保温性好聚氯乙烯塑料电缆材料。
背景技术
市场上聚氯乙烯塑料,不仅各项力学性能优异,而且还具有优异的耐化学试剂性能、耐磨性能,市场上聚氯乙烯塑料为一种应用范围较为广泛的工程塑料,随着它在电缆材料领域的应用日益广泛,人们对其安全性能的要求越来越高。然而,与此同时,电缆材料用聚氯乙烯塑料也存在着保温性差、热稳定性及力学性能满足不了需求的缺点。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题,本发明提出了一种保温性好聚氯乙烯塑料电缆材料,保温性能极好,生物降解性好,抗拉伸性能和耐冲击性能好,吸水率低。
本发明提出的一种保温性好聚氯乙烯塑料电缆材料,其原料按重量份包括:聚氯乙烯15-35份,聚乙烯10-20份,腰果酚醛树脂5-12份,尿素0.5-1.2份,椰子纤维5-15份,钛酸酯偶联剂1-3份,蚕丝纤维5-10份,改性蒙脱土2-6份,煅烧高岭土2-6份,膨润土1-8份,抗静电剂1-3份,聚-β-羟丁酸2-10份,钛酸钾纤维2-6份,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.2-0.6份,环氧大豆油0.2-0.6份,磺化鱼油1-3份,叔丁基对苯二酚1-3份,松香2-8份。
优选地,改性蒙脱土采用如下工艺制备:将氢氧化钠、尿素、水低温搅拌均匀,加入纤维素继续搅拌至纤维素完全溶胀,均质分散至体系澄清透明,再加入碱处理硅藻土、碳酸钙分散均匀,滴加盐酸反应完全后,过滤,洗涤,真空干燥得到预制料;向预制料中加入蒙脱土、硅烷偶联剂、无水乙醇、水混合搅拌,过滤,洗涤,接着加入十四烷基三甲基溴化铵,送入超临界CO2反应釜中,调节温度,升压,通入二氧化碳搅拌,取出,依次用水、无水乙醇洗涤,干燥得到改性蒙脱土。
优选地,改性蒙脱土采用如下工艺制备:按重量份将2-6份氢氧化钠、15-25份尿素、50-80份水低温搅拌均匀,加入2-10份纤维素继续搅拌至纤维素完全溶胀,均质分散至体系澄清透明,再加入1-3份碱处理硅藻土、1-2份碳酸钙分散均匀,滴加1-5份浓度为1mol/L的盐酸反应完全后,过滤,洗涤,真空干燥得到预制料;向预制料中加入20-40份蒙脱土、2-8份硅烷偶联剂、50-100份无水乙醇、10-20份水混合搅拌,过滤,洗涤,接着加入2-9份十四烷基三甲基溴化铵,送入超临界CO2反应釜中,调节温度,升压,通入二氧化碳搅拌,取出,依次用水、无水乙醇洗涤,干燥得到改性蒙脱土。
优选地,改性蒙脱土采用如下工艺制备:按重量份将2-6份氢氧化钠、15-25份尿素、50-80份水在-10~-5℃搅拌均匀,加入2-10份纤维素继续搅拌至纤维素完全溶胀,均质分散至体系澄清透明,再加入1-3份碱处理硅藻土、1-2份碳酸钙分散均匀,滴加1-5份浓度为1mol/L的盐酸反应完全后,过滤,洗涤,真空干燥得到预制料;向预制料中加入20-40份蒙脱土、2-8份硅烷偶联剂、50-100份无水乙醇、10-20份水混合搅拌2-6h,搅拌温度75-85℃,过滤,洗涤,接着加入2-9份十四烷基三甲基溴化铵,送入超临界CO2反应釜中,调节温度至35-45℃,升压至5-15MPa,通入二氧化碳搅拌40-100min,取出,依次用水、无水乙醇洗涤,90-98℃干燥2-6h,得到改性蒙脱土。
优选地,聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、腰果酚醛树脂、改性蒙脱土的重量比为20-30:12-18:8-10:3-5。
优选地,尿素和椰子纤维的重量比为0.6-1:8-12。
优选地,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、环氧大豆油、磺化鱼油的重量比为0.3-0.5:0.3-0.5:1.5-2.5。
本发明采用常规制备工艺制得。
本发明的改性蒙脱土中,通过滴加盐酸致使纤维素再生,再生过程中碳酸钙和盐酸发生化学反应而释放CO2,从而更有利于预制料内生成多孔结构,进一步与蒙脱土、硅烷偶联剂、十四烷基三甲基溴化铵作用,蒙脱土在硅烷偶联剂接枝改性的基础上继续与十四烷基三甲基溴化铵插层,不仅扩大了蒙脱土层间距,与预制料的结合程度高,另外引入的硅烷偶联剂末端功能基团与聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、腰果酚醛树脂作用相容性好,在抗静电剂的作用下交联,相互间结合强度高,耐老化性好,而由于内部多孔结构所形成均匀空气泡,使改性蒙脱土的保温性能极好;由于尿素是含有氨基的二元胺,椰子纤维含有大量的羟基与尿素作用,吸水率明显降低,生物降解性好,环境友好,同时可以降低其他物料添加量,节约成本;钛酸酯偶联剂可将原料中其他组分接枝形成整体,使本发明的抗拉伸性能和耐冲击性能好,而蚕丝纤维可在物料间形成空间框架结构,其形成空间框架结构可增强改性蒙脱土、煅烧高岭土、膨润土与聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、腰果酚醛树脂的结合程度,进一步增强本发明耐老化与保温强度;邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、环氧大豆油、磺化鱼油作配合用,可进一步增强本发明的塑性,伸长率、曲挠柔韧性大大提高,力学性能进一步增强。
具体实施方式
下面,通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1
本发明提出的一种保温性好聚氯乙烯塑料电缆材料,其原料按重量份包括:聚氯乙烯15份,聚乙烯20份,腰果酚醛树脂5份,尿素1.2份,椰子纤维5份,钛酸酯偶联剂3份,蚕丝纤维5份,改性蒙脱土6份,煅烧高岭土2份,膨润土8份,抗静电剂1份,聚-β-羟丁酸10份,钛酸钾纤维2份,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.6份,环氧大豆油0.2份,磺化鱼油3份,叔丁基对苯二酚1份,松香8份。
实施例2
本发明提出的一种保温性好聚氯乙烯塑料电缆材料,其原料按重量份包括:聚氯乙烯35份,聚乙烯10份,腰果酚醛树脂12份,尿素0.5份,椰子纤维15份,钛酸酯偶联剂1份,蚕丝纤维10份,改性蒙脱土2份,煅烧高岭土6份,膨润土1份,抗静电剂3份,聚-β-羟丁酸2份,钛酸钾纤维6份,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.2份,环氧大豆油0.6份,磺化鱼油1份,叔丁基对苯二酚3份,松香2份。
改性蒙脱土采用如下工艺制备:将氢氧化钠、尿素、水低温搅拌均匀,加入纤维素继续搅拌至纤维素完全溶胀,均质分散至体系澄清透明,再加入碱处理硅藻土、碳酸钙分散均匀,滴加盐酸反应完全后,过滤,洗涤,真空干燥得到预制料;向预制料中加入蒙脱土、硅烷偶联剂、无水乙醇、水混合搅拌,过滤,洗涤,接着加入十四烷基三甲基溴化铵,送入超临界CO2反应釜中,调节温度,升压,通入二氧化碳搅拌,取出,依次用水、无水乙醇洗涤,干燥得到改性蒙脱土。
实施例3
本发明提出的一种保温性好聚氯乙烯塑料电缆材料,其原料按重量份包括:聚氯乙烯20份,聚乙烯18份,腰果酚醛树脂8份,尿素1份,椰子纤维8份,钛酸酯偶联剂2.5份,蚕丝纤维6份,改性蒙脱土5份,煅烧高岭土3份,膨润土7份,抗静电剂1.5份,聚-β-羟丁酸8份,钛酸钾纤维3份,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.5份,环氧大豆油0.3份,磺化鱼油2.5份,叔丁基对苯二酚1.5份,松香6份。
改性蒙脱土采用如下工艺制备:按重量份将2份氢氧化钠、25份尿素、50份水在-5℃搅拌均匀,加入2份纤维素继续搅拌至纤维素完全溶胀,均质分散至体系澄清透明,再加入3份碱处理硅藻土、1份碳酸钙分散均匀,滴加5份浓度为1mol/L的盐酸反应完全后,过滤,洗涤,真空干燥得到预制料;向预制料中加入20份蒙脱土、8份硅烷偶联剂、50份无水乙醇、20份水混合搅拌2h,搅拌温度85℃,过滤,洗涤,接着加入2份十四烷基三甲基溴化铵,送入超临界CO2反应釜中,调节温度至45℃,升压至5MPa,通入二氧化碳搅拌100min,取出,依次用水、无水乙醇洗涤,90℃干燥6h,得到改性蒙脱土。
实施例4
本发明提出的一种保温性好聚氯乙烯塑料电缆材料,其原料按重量份包括:聚氯乙烯30份,聚乙烯12份,腰果酚醛树脂10份,尿素0.6份,椰子纤维12份,钛酸酯偶联剂1.5份,蚕丝纤维8份,改性蒙脱土3份,煅烧高岭土5份,膨润土3份,抗静电剂2.5份,聚-β-羟丁酸4份,钛酸钾纤维5份,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.3份,环氧大豆油0.5份,磺化鱼油1.5份,叔丁基对苯二酚2.5份,松香4份。
改性蒙脱土采用如下工艺制备:按重量份将6份氢氧化钠、15份尿素、80份水在-10℃℃搅拌均匀,加入10份纤维素继续搅拌至纤维素完全溶胀,均质分散至体系澄清透明,再加入1份碱处理硅藻土、2份碳酸钙分散均匀,滴加1份浓度为1mol/L的盐酸反应完全后,过滤,洗涤,真空干燥得到预制料;向预制料中加入40份蒙脱土、2份硅烷偶联剂、100份无水乙醇、10份水混合搅拌6h,搅拌温度75℃,过滤,洗涤,接着加入9份十四烷基三甲基溴化铵,送入超临界CO2反应釜中,调节温度至35℃,升压至15MPa,通入二氧化碳搅拌40min,取出,依次用水、无水乙醇洗涤,98℃干燥2h,得到改性蒙脱土。
实施例5
本发明提出的一种保温性好聚氯乙烯塑料电缆材料,其原料按重量份包括:聚氯乙烯25份,聚乙烯15份,腰果酚醛树脂9份,尿素0.8份,椰子纤维10份,钛酸酯偶联剂2份,蚕丝纤维7份,改性蒙脱土4份,煅烧高岭土4份,膨润土5份,抗静电剂2份,聚-β-羟丁酸6份,钛酸钾纤维4份,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.4份,环氧大豆油0.4份,磺化鱼油2份,叔丁基对苯二酚2份,松香5份。
改性蒙脱土采用如下工艺制备:按重量份将4份氢氧化钠、20份尿素、65份水低温搅拌均匀,加入6份纤维素继续搅拌至纤维素完全溶胀,均质分散至体系澄清透明,再加入2份碱处理硅藻土、1.5份碳酸钙分散均匀,滴加3份浓度为1mol/L的盐酸反应完全后,过滤,洗涤,真空干燥得到预制料;向预制料中加入30份蒙脱土、5份硅烷偶联剂、70份无水乙醇、15份水混合搅拌,过滤,洗涤,接着加入6份十四烷基三甲基溴化铵,送入超临界CO2反应釜中,调节温度,升压,通入二氧化碳搅拌,取出,依次用水、无水乙醇洗涤,干燥得到改性蒙脱土。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种保温性好聚氯乙烯塑料电缆材料,其特征在于,其原料按重量份包括:聚氯乙烯15-35份,聚乙烯10-20份,腰果酚醛树脂5-12份,尿素0.5-1.2份,椰子纤维5-15份,钛酸酯偶联剂1-3份,蚕丝纤维5-10份,改性蒙脱土2-6份,煅烧高岭土2-6份,膨润土1-8份,抗静电剂1-3份,聚-β-羟丁酸2-10份,钛酸钾纤维2-6份,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.2-0.6份,环氧大豆油0.2-0.6份,磺化鱼油1-3份,叔丁基对苯二酚1-3份,松香2-8份。
2.根据权利要求1所述保温性好聚氯乙烯塑料电缆材料,其特征在于,改性蒙脱土采用如下工艺制备:将氢氧化钠、尿素、水低温搅拌均匀,加入纤维素继续搅拌至纤维素完全溶胀,均质分散至体系澄清透明,再加入碱处理硅藻土、碳酸钙分散均匀,滴加盐酸反应完全后,过滤,洗涤,真空干燥得到预制料;向预制料中加入蒙脱土、硅烷偶联剂、无水乙醇、水混合搅拌,过滤,洗涤,接着加入十四烷基三甲基溴化铵,送入超临界CO2反应釜中,调节温度,升压,通入二氧化碳搅拌,取出,依次用水、无水乙醇洗涤,干燥得到改性蒙脱土。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述保温性好聚氯乙烯塑料电缆材料,其特征在于,改性蒙脱土采用如下工艺制备:按重量份将2-6份氢氧化钠、15-25份尿素、50-80份水低温搅拌均匀,加入2-10份纤维素继续搅拌至纤维素完全溶胀,均质分散至体系澄清透明,再加入1-3份碱处理硅藻土、1-2份碳酸钙分散均匀,滴加1-5份浓度为1mol/L的盐酸反应完全后,过滤,洗涤,真空干燥得到预制料;向预制料中加入20-40份蒙脱土、2-8份硅烷偶联剂、50-100份无水乙醇、10-20份水混合搅拌,过滤,洗涤,接着加入2-9份十四烷基三甲基溴化铵,送入超临界CO2反应釜中,调节温度,升压,通入二氧化碳搅拌,取出,依次用水、无水乙醇洗涤,干燥得到改性蒙脱土。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述保温性好聚氯乙烯塑料电缆材料,其特征在于,改性蒙脱土采用如下工艺制备:按重量份将2-6份氢氧化钠、15-25份尿素、50-80份水在-10~-5℃搅拌均匀,加入2-10份纤维素继续搅拌至纤维素完全溶胀,均质分散至体系澄清透明,再加入1-3份碱处理硅藻土、1-2份碳酸钙分散均匀,滴加1-5份浓度为1mol/L的盐酸反应完全后,过滤,洗涤,真空干燥得到预制料;向预制料中加入20-40份蒙脱土、2-8份硅烷偶联剂、50-100份无水乙醇、10-20份水混合搅拌2-6h,搅拌温度75-85℃,过滤,洗涤,接着加入2-9份十四烷基三甲基溴化铵,送入超临界CO2反应釜中,调节温度至35-45℃,升压至5-15MPa,通入二氧化碳搅拌40-100min,取出,依次用水、无水乙醇洗涤,90-98℃干燥2-6h,得到改性蒙脱土。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述保温性好聚氯乙烯塑料电缆材料,其特征在于,聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、腰果酚醛树脂、改性蒙脱土的重量比为20-30:12-18:8-10:3-5。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述保温性好聚氯乙烯塑料电缆材料,其特征在于,尿素和椰子纤维的重量比为0.6-1:8-12。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述保温性好聚氯乙烯塑料电缆材料,其特征在于,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、环氧大豆油、磺化鱼油的重量比为0.3-0.5:0.3-0.5:1.5-2.5。
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