CN106802228A - A kind of experimental tank and its test method - Google Patents
A kind of experimental tank and its test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106802228A CN106802228A CN201710148474.4A CN201710148474A CN106802228A CN 106802228 A CN106802228 A CN 106802228A CN 201710148474 A CN201710148474 A CN 201710148474A CN 106802228 A CN106802228 A CN 106802228A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/08—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics
- G09B23/12—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics of liquids or gases
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of experimental tank and its test method, experimental tank includes inlet water tank, band turnaround section tank, water tank, storage tank, water pump and spike ball, inlet water tank is provided with water inlet and the first rectangle thin-wall weir, and water tank is provided with delivery port and the second rectangle thin-wall weir；Inlet water tank, band turnaround section tank and water tank sequentially connect, and storage tank is connected with water inlet, delivery port respectively by connecting tube；Water pump is located in the connecting tube between inlet water tank and storage tank；Spike ball is located in band turnaround section tank.It is simple structure of the present invention, with low cost, it is vdiverse in function；Water inlet, water flow in precise control tank in measurement water level, measurement mean velocity in vertical process of the test, it is ensured that experimental condition-steady flow；Formula obtains flow by the weir head at sharp-crested weir need to only be measured；Current trace is shown by spike ball, the water movement rule of turnaround section is described, phenomenon is clear；Spike ball does not influence water quality, is reclaimed by baffle of porous baffle, is capable of achieving to recycle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is to be related to a kind of experimental tank and its test method, and concretely relating to one kind being capable of accurate controlling stream
The experimental tank and its test method of amount and clearly observation flow-shape.
Background technology
The colleges and universities for possessing port boat specialty need to deepen by water flow test student to courses such as hydraulics, river dynamics
The understanding of knowledge.The existing experimental facilities of Some Universities is only capable of meeting some element tasks, such as directly from water pump into experimental tank
Add water, the water level of a certain section left, center, right in tank is measured by ruler, set up rotation oar respectively at section left, center, right three
Formula current meter measures mean velocity in vertical, instills red ink in the sink or is put into wood chip and observes flow-shape.Existing examination
The intake-outlet flow of unmeasured tank ensures flow of water constant during testing, if current are non-constant, measured water in experiment
Stream statistics rule is just without practical significance.Additionally, the red ink for adding, wood chip are difficult to be separated out from water, it is not easy to recycle
And tank is adhered to red after placing for a long time or produce peculiar smell.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：To overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention is directed to provide a kind of experimental tank and its test method.
Technical scheme：In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of experimental tank, including inlet water tank, band turnaround section tank, water tank, storage tank, water pump and spike ball, it is described
Inlet water tank is provided with water inlet and the first rectangle thin-wall weir, and water tank is provided with delivery port and the second rectangle thin-wall weir；The inlet water tank,
Band turnaround section tank and water tank sequentially connect, and storage tank is connected with water inlet, delivery port respectively by connecting tube；Water pump is located at
In connecting tube between inlet water tank and storage tank；Spike ball is located in band turnaround section tank.
Operation principle：After experimental tank experimental tank of the present invention to inlet water tank by adding water to a certain extent, measurement first
Weir head at rectangle thin-wall weir and the second rectangle thin-wall weir, formula is calculated into the flow with turnaround section tank
With the flow of elution band turnaround section tank, compare flow at two it is whether equal can determine whether band turnaround section tank in whether be constant
Stream；Current are determined after steady flow, water level, flow-speed measurement routine test to be carried out with normal experiment instrument；Again by normal experiment instrument
Device is taken out, and keeps flow of water constant, and to spike ball is added in inlet water tank, spike ball is floated in water, with the shape of cameras record spike ball
State can intuitively describe straight section, the water movement rule of turnaround section；For the cross current analysis of turnaround section, band turnaround section
The problems such as groynes recirculating zone scope, circulating flow strength, recirculating zone morphological analysis after groynes is put into tank can more clear
Explain on ground.
The band turnaround section tank is provided with breather pipe.During due to calculated flow rate coefficient, it is desirable to which weir flow overflow lower edge is big
Air pressure is strong, and otherwise overflow lower air can be taken away to form negative pressure by current, the flow system of the discharge coefficient being calculated and reality
Number can produce relatively large deviation influence flow rate calculation precision, and breather pipe is used to ensure pressure requirement.
First rectangle thin-wall weir and the second rectangle thin-wall weir overflow width are identical, and the first rectangle thin-wall weir weir is higher than
Second rectangle thin-wall weir.Band turnaround section tank upstream and downstream can be made head difference, and current are also easy to produce flowing, and experimental phenomena is brighter
It is aobvious.
Water fender just is provided with to water inlet position in the inlet water tank.Can make water impact to plate backward water fender surrounding
Uniform diffusion, keeps waterflow stabilization.
Baffle of porous baffle is provided with band turnaround section tank junction in the water tank, baffle of porous baffle is uniformly provided with more than one
Circular hole, circular hole aperture is less than spike bulb diameter.Spike ball can be collected from baffle of porous baffle after off-test, spike ball can be made
Reuse, do not influence water quality and recycle so as to reach.
The spike ball is that density is 1g/cm3Whiteness tracer ball.Whiteness tracer ball can be made to be suspended in water, use camera
The state for recording whiteness tracer ball can intuitively describe straight section, the water movement rule of turnaround section.
For turnaround section cross current analysis, the groynes recirculating zone scope with being put into turnaround section tank after groynes, return
The problems such as intensity of flow, recirculating zone morphological analysis can have more clearly explains.
The test method of above-mentioned experimental tank, comprises the following steps：
(1) on-test, open water pump, added water from storage tank and enter inlet water tank, because water-aspirator pressure is larger, can make into
The trend of the oriented upper punching of current in water, water fender makes water impact, and to plate, backward water fender surrounding uniformly spreads, and keeps current
Stabilization；
(2) through adding water after a while, weir head H, the first rectangle are formed in inlet water tank on the first rectangle thin-wall weir
The overflow width of sharp-crested weir is less than the width with turnaround section tank, and weir flow herein shrinks for free discharge and without side, according to
Formula：
In formula：Q is flow, m0It is discharge coefficient, B is overflow width, and g is acceleration of gravity, and H is weir head, and a is weir
It is high；
Can try to achieve into the flow Q1 with turnaround section tank；
During with formula (2) calculated flow rate coefficient, it is desirable to which weir flow overflow lower edge is atmospheric pressure, otherwise overflow lower air meeting
Taken away to form negative pressure by current, the discharge coefficient being calculated can produce relatively large deviation influence flowmeter with the discharge coefficient of reality
Precision is calculated, pressure requirement is ensured by setting breather pipe, similarly, similar weir flow can be also formed with turnaround section tank afterbody,
The overflow width of the first rectangle thin-wall weir and the second rectangle thin-wall weir is identical, and weir difference high, the weir of the first rectangle thin-wall weir is high
In the second rectangle thin-wall weir, band turnaround section tank upstream and downstream is set to have head difference, current are also easy to produce flowing, and experimental phenomena is brighter
It is aobvious；
, more than the overflow width of the second rectangle thin-wall weir, the weir flow at the second rectangle thin-wall weir is for freely for the width of water tank
Go out stream and shunk without side, the flow Q2 of elution band turnaround section tank is calculated with formula (1), (2)；
When the flow Q1 and Q2 at first, second rectangle thin-wall weir is calculated in process of the test, due in formula (1), (2) except
Weir head H other specifications are definite value, therefore experiment need to only measure the weir head at first, second rectangle thin-wall weir every time
H；
Compare Q1 and Q2 it is whether equal can determine whether band turnaround section tank in whether be steady flow；
(3) current are determined after steady flow, water level, flow-speed measurement routine test to be carried out with normal experiment instrument；
(4) normal experiment instrument is taken out, keeps flow of water constant, be 1g/cm to density is added in inlet water tank3White show
Track ball, because whiteness tracer ball density is identical with water, whiteness tracer ball is suspended in water, with the shape of cameras record whiteness tracer ball
State can intuitively describe straight section, the water movement rule of turnaround section；
For turnaround section cross current analysis, the groynes recirculating zone scope with being put into turnaround section tank after groynes, return
The problems such as intensity of flow, recirculating zone morphological analysis can have more clearly explains.
After off-test, whiteness tracer ball is collected from baffle of porous baffle, current flow into storage tank by delivery port, then by water pump
Add inlet water tank.The whiteness tracer ball being collected into can also carry out repetition experiment and do not influence water quality and recycle so as to reach.
The NM technology of the present invention is prior art.
Beneficial effect：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
(1) rectangle thin-wall weir precise control water is passed through in common survey water level, measurement mean velocity in vertical process of the test
Water inlet, water flow in groove, it is ensured that experimental condition-steady flow；
(2) formula obtains flow, easy and conjunction by the weir head at sharp-crested weir need to be only measured in process of the test
Reason；
(3) current trace is shown by whiteness tracer ball, describes the water movement rule of turnaround section, phenomenon is clear；
(4) whiteness tracer ball does not influence water quality, is reclaimed by baffle of porous baffle, is capable of achieving to recycle；
(5) apparatus structure is simple, with low cost, vdiverse in function.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is experimental tank structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is A-A sectional drawings in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is B-B sectional drawings in Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is weir formula schematic diagram；
In figure, 1 be inlet water tank, 2 be band turnaround section tank, 3 be breather pipe, 4 be water tank, 5 be storage tank, 6 be water pump,
7 is spike ball, 8 is water inlet, 9 is water fender, 10 is the first rectangle thin-wall weir, 11 is the second rectangle thin-wall weir, 12 is with holes
Baffle plate, 13 are delivery port.
Specific embodiment
For a better understanding of the present invention, it is with reference to the embodiment content that the present invention is furture elucidated but of the invention
Content is not limited solely to the following examples.
Embodiment 1
As Figure 1-4, a kind of experimental tank, including inlet water tank 1, band turnaround section tank 2, water tank 4, storage tank 5, water
Pump 6 and spike ball 7, the inlet water tank 1 are provided with the rectangle thin-wall weir 10 of water inlet 8 and first, and water tank 4 is provided with delivery port 13 and
Two rectangle thin-wall weirs 11；The inlet water tank 1, band turnaround section tank 2 and water tank 4 sequentially connect, and storage tank 5 is by connecting tube point
Do not connect with water inlet 8, delivery port 13；Water pump 6 is located in the connecting tube between inlet water tank 1 and storage tank 5；Spike ball 7 is located at
In band turnaround section tank 2；Band turnaround section tank 2 is provided with breather pipe 3；First rectangle thin-wall weir 10 and the second rectangle thin-wall weir 11
Overflow width is identical, and the weir of the first rectangle thin-wall weir 10 is higher than the second rectangle thin-wall weir 11；Just to water inlet 8 in inlet water tank 1
Water fender 9 is installed；Baffle of porous baffle 12 is provided with the junction of band turnaround section tank 2 in water tank 4, baffle of porous baffle 12 is uniformly provided with
More than one circular hole, circular hole aperture is less than the diameter of spike ball 7；Spike ball 7 is that density is 1g/cm3Whiteness tracer ball 7.
After experimental tank of the present invention to inlet water tank 1 by adding water to a certain extent, the first rectangle thin-wall weir 10 of measurement and the
Weir head at two rectangle thin-wall weirs 11, formula is calculated into the flow with turnaround section tank 2 and elution band and turns
The flow of curved segment tank 2, compares whether whether flow at two is equal to can determine whether in band turnaround section tank 2 be steady flow；It is determined that
Current be steady flow after, water level, flow-speed measurement routine test are carried out with normal experiment instrument；Normal experiment instrument is taken out again,
Flow of water constant is kept, is 1g/cm to density is added in inlet water tank 13Whiteness tracer ball 7, due to the density of whiteness tracer ball 7 and water
Identical, whiteness tracer ball 7 is suspended in water, and straight section, turn can be intuitively described with the state of cameras record whiteness tracer ball 7
The water movement rule of curved segment；For the cross current analysis of turnaround section, returned with the groynes after groynes is put into turnaround section tank 2
The problems such as stream area's scope, circulating flow strength, recirculating zone morphological analysis can have more clearly explains.
The test method of above-mentioned experimental tank, comprises the following steps：
(1) on-test, water pump 6 is opened, is added water from storage tank 5 into inlet water tank 1, because the pressure of water pump 6 is larger, meeting
Make the trend of the oriented upper punching of the current into water, water fender 9 makes water impact, and the backward surrounding of water fender 9 uniformly spreads to plate, protect
Hold waterflow stabilization；
(2) through adding water after a while, weir head H, the first square are formed in inlet water tank 1 on the first rectangle thin-wall weir 10
The overflow width of shape sharp-crested weir 10 is less than the width with turnaround section tank 2, and weir flow herein shrinks for free discharge and without side,
According to formula：
In formula：Q is flow, m0It is discharge coefficient, B is overflow width, and g is acceleration of gravity, and H is weir head, and a is weir
It is high；
Can try to achieve into the flow Q1 with turnaround section tank 2；
During with formula (2) calculated flow rate coefficient, it is desirable to which weir flow overflow lower edge is atmospheric pressure, otherwise overflow lower air meeting
Taken away to form negative pressure by current, the discharge coefficient being calculated can produce relatively large deviation influence flowmeter with the discharge coefficient of reality
Precision is calculated, pressure requirement is ensured by setting breather pipe 3, similarly, similar weir can be also formed with the afterbody of turnaround section tank 2
Stream, the first rectangle thin-wall weir 10 is identical with the overflow width of the second rectangle thin-wall weir 11, weir difference high, the first rectangle thin-wall weir 10
Weir be higher than the second rectangle thin-wall weir 11, the upstream and downstream of band turnaround section tank 2 is had head difference, current are also easy to produce flowing, test
Phenomenon is more obvious；
The width of water tank 4 is more than the overflow width of the second rectangle thin-wall weir 11, the weir flow at the second rectangle thin-wall weir 11
Shunk for free discharge and without side, the flow Q2 of elution band turnaround section tank 2 is calculated with formula (1), (2)；
Compare whether whether Q1 and Q2 is equal to can determine whether in band turnaround section tank 2 be steady flow.
(3) current are determined after steady flow, water level, flow-speed measurement routine test to be carried out with normal experiment instrument；
(4) normal experiment instrument is taken out, keeps flow of water constant, be 1g/cm to density is added in inlet water tank 13White
Spike ball 7, because the density of whiteness tracer ball 7 is identical with water, whiteness tracer ball 7 is suspended in water, uses cameras record whiteness tracer
The state of ball 7 can intuitively describe straight section, the water movement rule of turnaround section；
For turnaround section cross current analysis, the groynes recirculating zone scope with being put into turnaround section tank 2 after groynes, return
The problems such as intensity of flow, recirculating zone morphological analysis can have more clearly explains.
When the flow Q1 and Q2 at first, second rectangle thin-wall weir 11 is calculated in process of the test, due to being removed in formula (1), (2)
Weir head H other specifications are definite value, therefore experiment need to be only measured on the weir at first, second rectangle thin-wall weir 11 every time
Head H.
After off-test, whiteness tracer ball 7 is collected from baffle of porous baffle 12, current flow into storage tank 5 by delivery port 13, then
Inlet water tank 1 is added by water pump 6.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
(1) rectangle thin-wall weir precise control water is passed through in common survey water level, measurement mean velocity in vertical process of the test
Water inlet, water flow in groove, it is ensured that experimental condition-steady flow；
(2) formula obtains flow, easy and conjunction by the weir head at sharp-crested weir need to be only measured in process of the test
Reason；
(3) current trace is shown by whiteness tracer ball 7, describes the water movement rule of turnaround section, phenomenon is clear；
(4) whiteness tracer ball 7 does not influence water quality, is reclaimed by baffle of porous baffle 12, is capable of achieving to recycle；
(5) apparatus structure is simple, with low cost, vdiverse in function.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that：Come for those skilled in the art
Say, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, each facility locations can also be adjusted, these adjustment also should be regarded as this hair
Bright protection domain.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of experimental tank, it is characterised in that：Including inlet water tank (1), band turnaround section tank (2), water tank (4), storage tank
(5), water pump (6) and spike ball (7), the inlet water tank (1) are provided with water inlet (8) and the first rectangle thin-wall weir (10), water tank
(4) delivery port (13) and the second rectangle thin-wall weir (11) are provided with；The inlet water tank (1), band turnaround section tank (2) and water tank
(4) sequentially connect, storage tank (5) is connected with water inlet (8), delivery port (13) respectively by connecting tube；Water pump (6) is located at into water
In connecting tube between case (1) and storage tank (5)；Spike ball (7) is located in band turnaround section tank (2).
2. experimental tank as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Band turnaround section tank (2) is provided with breather pipe
(3)。
3. experimental tank as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：First rectangle thin-wall weir (10) and the second Thin Rectangular
Wall weir (11) overflow width is identical, and the first rectangle thin-wall weir (10) weir is higher than the second rectangle thin-wall weir (11).
4. experimental tank as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Just water inlet (8) position is set in the inlet water tank (1)
There is water fender (9).
5. experimental tank as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：In the water tank (4) with band turnaround section tank (2) even
The place of connecing is provided with baffle of porous baffle (12), and baffle of porous baffle (12) is uniformly provided with more than one circular hole, and circular hole aperture is straight less than spike ball (7)
Footpath.
6. the experimental tank as described in claim 1-5 any one, it is characterised in that：The spike ball (7) is 1g/ for density
cm3Whiteness tracer ball (7).
7. the test method of the experimental tank described in claim 1-6 any one, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
(1) on-test, open water pump (6), added water from storage tank (5) into inlet water tank (1), due to water pump (6) pressure compared with
Greatly, the trend of the oriented upper punching of current into water can be made, water fender (9) makes water impact, and backward water fender (9) surrounding is equal to plate
Even diffusion, keeps waterflow stabilization；
(2) through adding water after a while, weir head H, the first square are formed in inlet water tank (1) on the first rectangle thin-wall weir (10)
The overflow width of shape sharp-crested weir (10) is less than the width with turnaround section tank (2), and weir flow herein is for free discharge and without side
Shrink, according to formula：
In formula：Q is flow, m0It is discharge coefficient, B is overflow width, and g is acceleration of gravity, and H is weir head, and a is that weir is high；
Can try to achieve into the flow Q1 with turnaround section tank (2)；
During with formula (2) calculated flow rate coefficient, it is desirable to which weir flow overflow lower edge is atmospheric pressure, and otherwise overflow lower air can be by water
Stream is taken away to form negative pressure, and the discharge coefficient being calculated can produce relatively large deviation influence flow rate calculation essence with the discharge coefficient of reality
Degree, pressure requirement is ensured by setting breather pipe (3), similarly, similar weir can be also formed with turnaround section tank (2) afterbody
Stream, the first rectangle thin-wall weir (10) is identical with the overflow width of the second rectangle thin-wall weir (11), weir difference high, the first rectangular thin-wall
The weir on weir (10) is higher than the second rectangle thin-wall weir (11), band turnaround section tank (2) upstream and downstream is had head difference, and current are also easy to produce
Flowing, experimental phenomena is more obvious；
The width of water tank (4) is more than the overflow width of the second rectangle thin-wall weir (11), the weir at the second rectangle thin-wall weir (11) place
Flow for free discharge and shunk without side, the flow Q2 of elution band turnaround section tank (2) is calculated with formula (1), (2)；
Compare whether whether Q1 and Q2 is equal to can determine whether in band turnaround section tank (2) be steady flow；
(3) current are determined after steady flow, water level, flow-speed measurement routine test to be carried out with normal experiment instrument；
(4) normal experiment instrument is taken out, keeps flow of water constant, be 1g/cm to density is added in inlet water tank (1)3Whiteness tracer
Ball (7), because whiteness tracer ball (7) density is identical with water, whiteness tracer ball (7) is suspended in water, is shown with cameras record white
The state of track ball (7) can intuitively describe straight section, the water movement rule of turnaround section；
For turnaround section cross current analysis, band be put into turnaround section tank (2) the groynes recirculating zone scope after groynes, flow back
The problems such as intensity, recirculating zone morphological analysis can have more clearly explains.
8. the test method of experimental tank as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：After off-test, from baffle of porous baffle
(12) whiteness tracer ball (7) is collected on, current flow into storage tank (5) by delivery port (13), then add inlet water tank by water pump (6)
(1)。
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| CN107288095A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-10-24 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of adjustable overfall dam source water level automatically controls water guide experimental provision |
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| CN108680237A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-10-19 | 无锡航征科技有限公司 | A kind of multifunction test platform and its test method |
| CN108776237A (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2018-11-09 | 浙江省水利河口研究院 | Trace particle feeding device |
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| CN109506881A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-03-22 | 天津大学 | A kind of channel flow field simulation experiment method |
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