CN108169413A - A kind of cube test device and its experimental method for monitoring karst medium water movement mechanism - Google Patents
A kind of cube test device and its experimental method for monitoring karst medium water movement mechanism Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of cube test device and its experimental method for monitoring karst medium water movement mechanism, and device includes make-up system, varistructure cube karst medium physical model, spring flux monitoring system and pressure capsule system.Wherein make-up system is to simulate the different rainfall recharges of nature, and cube karst medium physical model is set to the lower section of make-up system, to simulate the Fracture Networks of karst medium；The change of water level situation of each measuring point in setting pressure sensor systems timely monitor model inside in cube karst medium physical model；Data collecting system connects pressure sensor systems and current of spring system for measuring quantity, and real-time recorded data is simultaneously stored into computer.The present apparatus is rational in infrastructure, farthest simulate branch's network of the complicated crack pipe tunnel medium three dimensions in karst area, automatic data collection and air-vent can effectively reduce error, suitable for probing into karst water solute transport mechanism.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the water movement machines in a kind of automatic monitoring karst medium structure, that is, crack pipe tunnel structure
The various dimensions experimental provision of reason, the especially water storage of different structure and outlet capacity is released, belong to underground water detection technology field.
Background technology
The chief component of Karst System is that the higher pipe tunnel system of developmental level and developmental level are relatively low
The phenomenon that Fracture Network System, water storing medium can be presented under different supply modes and release aqueous medium mutual inversion of phases for the two.Cause
This verifies in karst medium that water quality exchanges rule is of great significance between the characteristics of motion and different medium of flow.Pass through at present
Physical Experiment method research Karst aquifer system has become a kind of common gimmick, and is advised currently for the solute transfer of karst medium
Most of physical test research of rule is based on to Single Fracture, simple intersection crack and single pipe tunnel cross over model
Analysis of experiments, there are the shortcomings that model structure is single, operability is weak, simulation effect is general, there are large errors for test data.
Notification number be CN10513698A Chinese invention patent, disclose " it is a kind of monitoring crack-pipe tunnel medium it is molten
The experimental rig of matter migration rule ", the physical model established only planar carry out crack-pipe tunnel dual media
Portray, longitudinally do not setting up network, and model deposit solution discharge after experiment not exclusively, by aeration is larger, bottom is indulged
The problems such as being detained to pipeline solution.
More than the problem of cause existing karst medium physical test model to true karst area hydrogeology simulate
Degree is poor, and the scope of application is relatively low, and finally influences result of the test.
Invention content
In order to overcome existing physical test model structure single, operability is weak, and simulation effect is general, and there are datas on flows
By aeration is larger, model is in single group after the test there are the defects of solution delay, the present invention provides a kind of in XYZ tri-
The cube physical test model all simulated in plane to karst medium system, and initial water conservancy ladder is set inside model
It spends and goes out to flow solution to spring mouthful and carry out specially treated, eliminate influence of the bubble to model-test data, reduce to the maximum extent
Test error.
In order to realize above-mentioned technical purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of cube test device for monitoring karst medium water movement mechanism, including:
Make-up system to simulate the different rainfall recharges of nature, including extra feed tank, feeds pipeline and bottom plate,
In, the side wall of extra feed tank is equipped with supply mouth, and supply mouth is connect with supply pipeline, and the bottom of extra feed tank is detachably connected
The bottom plate, trepanning on bottom plate；
Cube karst medium physical model, is set to the lower section of make-up system, size it is identical with the extra feed tank on top including：
Transparent cube frame and the transparent block combination being set to inside transparent cube frame, wherein, the transparent block group
Conjunction includes multilayer, and each layer includes several pieces of transparent hollow blocks, is separated by arrangement two-by-two between several pieces of transparent hollow blocks,
It can be moved as unit of millimeter in horizontal, vertical both direction, be located at transparent four angles of cube frame with being formed each other
Pipe tunnel and the Fracture Networks inside transparent cube frame；The upper end of the transparent cube frame is than transparent
The top layer of block combination is high, so that after extra feed tank and cube karst medium physical model combination, extra feed tank
Bottom plate and transparent block combination top layer between there are a reservoir beds；
The tube wall upper edge conduit axis direction of each pipe tunnel is evenly distributed with several circular holes, and circular hole surface is breathed freely covered with Individual Income Tax
Film；
One partition board, is set to the bottom for being located at transparent assemblage block in transparent cube frame, and the partition board is by cube karst
Medium physical model is divided into upper and lower two layers, is connected at the middle and upper levels with Fracture Networks, and lower floor is connected with pipe tunnel, thoroughly
The side wall that bright cube frame is located at upper strata is equipped with the first spring mouthful being connected with Fracture Networks water outlet；Transparent cube frame
The side wall that frame is located at lower floor is equipped with the second spring mouthful being connected with pipe tunnel, is respectively connected on the first spring mouthful and the second spring mouthful
Flowmeter；
Several pressure sensors are distributed in different height and different location in cube karst medium physical model Fracture Networks
Place, to measure in cube karst medium physical experiments real-time pressure at Fracture Networks different height and different location
Size；
Head measuring device is connected by glass tube with the bottom of cube karst medium physical model, and glass tube side wall is carved with
Scale, during for reading the stable level in cube karst medium physical model in time in cube karst medium physical model
The water level in portion；
Data collecting system acquires the pressure data of the data on flows detected from the flowmeter and pressure sensor detection,
And data on flows and pressure data are stored；
Video Image Collecting System Based, for carrying out whole shooting to the migration process of liquid in model.
Several organic glasses are hollow to have several different sizes soon.
The Video Image Collecting System Based includes taking the photograph positioned at four high definitions of cube karst medium physical model surrounding
As instrument.
U-tube, the pipe of U-tube are respectively connected between first spring mouthful and flowmeter, between the second spring mouthful and flowmeter
Rectangular opening, rectangle hole surface covering water proof ventilated membrane are arranged on wall.
In the transparent cube frame initial water conservancy gradient adding set, mould are equipped with positioned at the bottom of transparent block combination
Intend the drainage procedure of underground underground river system.
A kind of method that cube test device using the monitoring karst medium water movement mechanism is tested, packet
Include following steps：
The first step, the valve for opening water tank surrounding, when head reaches definite value in water tank to cube karst medium physical model
Constant flow supply is carried out, supply mode, supply size and supply region realize that bottom plate is fixed on by changing different bottom plates
In bottom plate card slot, water tank is fixed by tank bracket；
Second step obtains real-time head during cube karst medium physical model closed test by head measuring device
Data；
The initial water pressure force value and not of different location in cube karst medium physical model is acquired by several pressure sensors
With the Real-time Water pressure value during period；
The measurement of real-time spring flux size is carried out to the first spring mouthful and the second spring mouthful by flowmeter；
During experiment in real time head data, in cube karst medium physical model the initial water pressure force value of different location and
The numerical value of spring flux size passes through data line when Real-time Water pressure value during different time sections, the first spring mouthful and the second spring cause for gossip
It is connected with data collecting system；
Third step, dye tracers are added in extra feed tank, using Video Image Collecting System Based to colored solutions in model
Migration process carry out whole shooting；
4th step, after the test carries out air blast by large blower from the top of cube karst medium physical model, will
Remaining solution discharge is complete in cube karst medium physical model.
By different bottom plates to change supply mode and supply size, on bottom plate reserving hole be divided into rectangular hole and
Round hole, supply mode are divided into two classes of individually supply and common supply；Feed size by bottom plate reserving hole number certainly
It is fixed, it is divided into five supply order of magnitude, increment is sequentially increased；Reserving hole can be used plastic plug and cram, and then complete to mending
To the change in region；By setting cover board at the top of Fracture Networks to separate Fracture Networks and top extra feed tank, to carry out not
With the supply of supply mode.
The size for connecting the size of the first spring mouthful of Fracture Networks and the second spring mouthful of connection pipe tunnel is variable.
Compared with prior art, what the cube test device of present invention monitoring karst medium water movement mechanism had has
Beneficial effect is：
Firstth, model has all accomplished the simulation of karst medium in three reference axis, reduces karst region to the full extent and answers
Miscellaneous crack-pipe tunnel system, and model is isolated by transparent hollow block, block position is adjustable, crack and
The position of pipe tunnel and size can answer test requirements document to be adjusted.
Secondth, initial water conservancy gradient adding set is set in model bottom, it is incomplete solves the discharge of model internal solution
The problem of, it assists may insure that model keeps drying before on-test with high power air blowers.
Third, device for supplying are controlled using head cube water tank, supply size is determined by glass panel with holes plate, greatly
The error that valve control is brought is reduced, supply region can also artificially be adjusted.
4th, model surrounding is equipped with bubble overflow device, is going out installation speciality U-tube at stream, is reducing experiment and produce in the process
Raw bubble adds to be mixed in flow generates interference to spring flux data.
5th, pressure sensor can be with flow-through curve of the accurate description flow in model and the hydraulic pressure of different moments
Power.The data of pressure sensor and current of spring gauge are recorded and stored in terminal by data collecting system in real time.Finally
High-definition camera is assisted, by intuitively describing the diffusion of pollutant in a model to the diffusion process of colored solutions in a model
Range and rate, are finally compareed with numerical simulation result.
Description of the drawings
The present invention is further described with case study on implementation below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the cube test apparatus structure schematic diagram of present invention monitoring karst medium water movement mechanism；
Fig. 2 is first kind floor structure schematic diagram used in extra feed tank in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the second class floor structure schematic diagram used in extra feed tank in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is third class floor structure schematic diagram used in extra feed tank in the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the 4th class floor structure schematic diagram used in extra feed tank in the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the stereogram of cube karst medium physical model in the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the front view of cube karst medium physical model in the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the side view of cube karst medium physical model in the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the vertical view of cube karst medium physical model in the present invention；
Figure 10 is head measuring device and the connection diagram of cube karst medium physical model；
Figure 11 is for the sectional view along E-E lines in Fig. 8；
Figure 12 is U-tube schematic diagram in the present invention；
It is spring flux attenuation curve figure in the model of no addition air-vent under the unitary variant that measures that Figure 13, which is,；
Figure 14 is spring flux attenuation curve figure of the present invention；
In figure, 1. cube karst medium physical models, 2. extra feed tanks, 3. bottom plate card slots, 4. water tanks supply mouth, 5. water tank branch
Frame, 6. bottom plates, 7. pressure-measuring systems, 8. head measuring devices, 9. first springs mouthful, 10. second springs mouthful, 11. model spring flux
Total data, 12. terminals, 13. rectangular holes, 14. round holes, 15. first kind bottom plates, 16. second class bottom plates, 17.
Third class bottom plate, 18. the 4th class bottom plates, 19. transparent hollow blocks, 20. pipe tunnels, 21. reservoir beds, 22. vertical cracks,
23. horizontal fissure, 24. cover boards, 25. pressure sensors, 26. demarcation strips, 27. initial water conservancy gradient adding sets, 28.U type pipes,
29.U type pipe water inlets, 30.U type pipe water outlets, 31. air bubble discharge holes.
Specific embodiment
The experimental rig is further elaborated with specific implementation below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that these examples are only used
In illustrate the present invention and without limiting the scope of the invention.After the present invention has been read, those skilled in the art are for this hair
The modification of bright various equivalent forms falls within the application range defined in the appended claims.
As shown in fig.1, the cube test device of present invention monitoring karst medium water movement mechanism includes：Cube
Karst medium physical model 1, extra feed tank 2, pressure-measuring system, data collecting system, Video Image Collecting System Based.
The water tank supply mouth 4 of water tank surrounding is opened, to cube karst medium physics when head reaches definite value in water tank
Model carries out constant flow supply, and supply mode, supply size and supply region can be realized by changing different bottom plates 6,
Bottom plate 6 is fixed in bottom plate card slot 3, and water tank is fixed by fixing tank bracket 5.
There are two springs mouthful for model, correspond to the first spring mouthful 9 of Fracture Networks and the second spring mouthful of corresponding pipe tunnel respectively
10, the spring mouthful size of mouthfuls 9 and second spring mouthful 10 of the first spring is variable and each spring mouth has corresponding flowmeter to carry out real-time spring
The measurement of uninterrupted.
Pressure-measuring system 7, the pressure sensor 25 for being included in model inside different height and position punishment cloth is several, uses
Real-time pressure size in being tested with measurement model.
The initial water pressure time of different location and water pressure change procedure in model during record experiment.
Real-time head data during the experiment of 8 record cast of head measuring device.
Dye tracers are added in water tank（This experiment uses phenolphthalein alcoholic solution）.Utilize Video Image Collecting System Based pair
Migration process of the colored solutions in model carries out whole shooting.The initial water pressure of different location in spring flux data, model
Time and water pressure change procedure, head data, which are stored in by data collecting system in terminal 12, to be stored.
Refering to shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, extra feed tank 2 feeds solution by the supply mouth in four orientation, it is ensured that is testing
Water in Water Tanks head is constant in the process.
Fig. 2 illustrates several different water tank bottom plates to change supply mode and supply size, and hole is divided into rectangular
Hole 13 and round hole 14, supply mode are divided into two classes of individually supply and common supply.Size is fed by the more of reserved opening
It is few to determine, it is divided into five supply order of magnitude, increment is sequentially increased.Reserved opening can be crammed manually using plastic plug, and then
Complete the change to feeding region.Due to hole constant magnitude, supply water can be quantitatively determined.
Refering to shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, cube karst medium physical model is by being located at the four of model quadrangle pipe tunnels
20 and model in the middle part of Fracture Networks composition, Fracture Networks are divided into horizontal fissure 23 and vertical crack 22, and crack is by transparent sky
Heart block 19 is separated, and coplanar interior transparent hollow block is connected two-by-two, can be moved in transverse and longitudinal two to as unit of millimeter
It is dynamic, complete the change to crack in Fracture Networks and pipe tunnel size.Cover board 24 is equipped at the top of pipe tunnel, to
Separate the unicom of Fracture Networks and top feeder channel, be convenient for the supply of different supply modes.
As shown in fig.5, two springs mouthful of model are located at two layers, separated by demarcation strip 26.Fracture Networks pass through upper strata
First spring mouthful 9 goes out stream, and pipe tunnel goes out stream by the second spring of lower floor mouthful 10, realizes the big main water storage to karst area two and releases
Quantifying for aquaporin outflow is portrayed.
Solution eliminates bubble flowmeter of finally entering by U-tube 28 after spring mouthful and obtains spring flux data.
Further, in order to ensure without solution to be detained in model, model bottom is equipped with initial water conservancy gradient adding set
27, the drainage procedure of underground underground river system is simulated, while avoid the accumulation of testing liquid in model, in each off-test
Afterwards, air blast is carried out from top by large blower, remaining solution in model is discharged complete.
As shown in fig.6, the present apparatus flows out at two spring mouths is all provided with U-tube 28, spring mouthful goes out stream from U-tube 28
Water inlet 29 enters U-tube, is discharged from the water outlet 30 of U-tube 28.There are rectangular opening symmetrical 31, squares for each U-tube
Shape hole surface covers GORE-TEX films（PTFE film）, which can be through air molecule, and isolation hydrone reduces spring mouthful and goes out to flow solution
The content of middle bubble makes result more accurate.
Figure 13 is the spring flux data under the unitary variant that measures in the model of no addition air-vent, can be with
, it is evident that the attenuation process of entire spring flux is very irregular, there are many peak points, the presence of peak point mainly by
Go out the bubble that flows in solution in it to interfere current of spring gauge reading, carry out maximum error to final spring flux data band, most
The analysis of whole data is all built upon manually carries out entirety to data, rejects error dot, final attenuation curve is fitted, from certain
Say that there are irrationalities in meaning.
Figure 14 is spring flux attenuation curve figure of the present invention, it can be seen that eliminates hand with the two kinds of bubbles proposed in the present invention
Section, can greatly reduce out the number of bubbles in stream solution, obtain more accurate, science spring flux attenuation curve, be karst
The foundation of the attenuation equation of the three-stage process of medium spring flux attenuation curve provides more accurately data.
Using above-mentioned desirable embodiment according to the present invention as enlightenment, by above-mentioned description, relevant staff is complete
Various changes and amendments can be carried out without departing from the scope of the technological thought of the present invention' entirely.The technology of this invention
Property range is not limited to the content on specification, it is necessary to determine its technical scope according to right.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of cube test device for monitoring karst medium water movement mechanism, it is characterised in that：Including:
Make-up system to simulate the different rainfall recharges of nature, including extra feed tank, feeds pipeline and bottom plate,
In, the side wall of extra feed tank is equipped with supply mouth, and supply mouth is connect with supply pipeline, and the bottom of extra feed tank is detachably connected
The bottom plate, trepanning on bottom plate；
Cube karst medium physical model is set to the lower section of make-up system, and size is identical with the extra feed tank on top, packet
It includes：Transparent cube frame and the transparent block combination being set to inside transparent cube frame, wherein, the transparent block
Body combination includes multilayer, and each layer includes several pieces of transparent hollow blocks, is separated by two-by-two between several pieces of transparent hollow blocks
Arrangement can be moved as unit of millimeter in horizontal, vertical both direction, be located at transparent cube frame four to be formed each other
Pipe tunnel at angle and the Fracture Networks inside transparent cube frame；The upper end ratio of the transparent cube frame
The top layer of transparent block combination is high, so that after extra feed tank and cube karst medium physical model combination, supply
There are a reservoir beds between the top layer of the bottom plate of water tank and transparent block combination；
The tube wall upper edge conduit axis direction of each pipe tunnel is evenly distributed with several circular holes, and circular hole surface is breathed freely covered with Individual Income Tax
Film；
One partition board, is set to the bottom for being located at transparent assemblage block in transparent cube frame, and the partition board is by cube karst
Medium physical model is divided into upper and lower two layers, is connected at the middle and upper levels with Fracture Networks, and lower floor is connected with pipe tunnel, thoroughly
The side wall that bright cube frame is located at upper strata is equipped with the first spring mouthful being connected with Fracture Networks water outlet；Transparent cube frame
The side wall that frame is located at lower floor is equipped with the second spring mouthful being connected with pipe tunnel, is respectively connected on the first spring mouthful and the second spring mouthful
Flowmeter；
Several pressure sensors are distributed in different height and different location in cube karst medium physical model Fracture Networks
Place, to measure in cube karst medium physical experiments real-time pressure at Fracture Networks different height and different location
Size；
Head measuring device is connected by glass tube with the bottom of cube karst medium physical model, and glass tube side wall is carved with
Scale, during for reading the stable level in cube karst medium physical model in time in cube karst medium physical model
The water level in portion；
Data collecting system acquires the pressure data of the data on flows detected from the flowmeter and pressure sensor detection,
And data on flows and pressure data are stored；
Video Image Collecting System Based, for carrying out whole shooting to the migration process of liquid in model.
2. the cube test device of monitoring karst medium water movement mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Several organic glasses are hollow to have several different sizes soon.
3. the cube test device of monitoring karst medium water movement mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The Video Image Collecting System Based includes four high-definition camera instrument positioned at cube karst medium physical model surrounding.
4. the cube test device of monitoring karst medium water movement mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Between first spring mouthful and flowmeter, it is respectively connected with U-tube between the second spring mouthful and flowmeter, it is symmetrical on the tube wall of U-tube
Equipped with rectangular opening, rectangle hole surface covering water proof ventilated membrane.
5. the cube test device of monitoring karst medium water movement mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Initial water conservancy gradient adding set is equipped with positioned at the bottom of transparent block combination in the transparent cube frame, simulation underground is dark
The drainage procedure of river system system.
What 6. a kind of cube test device based on monitoring karst medium water movement mechanism described in claim 1 was tested
Method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
The first step, the valve for opening water tank surrounding, when head reaches definite value in water tank to cube karst medium physical model
Constant flow supply is carried out, supply mode, supply size and supply region realize that bottom plate is fixed on by changing different bottom plates
In bottom plate card slot, water tank is fixed by tank bracket；
Second step obtains real-time head during cube karst medium physical model closed test by head measuring device
Data；
The initial water pressure force value and not of different location in cube karst medium physical model is acquired by several pressure sensors
With the Real-time Water pressure value during period；
The measurement of real-time spring flux size is carried out to the first spring mouthful and the second spring mouthful by flowmeter；
During experiment in real time head data, in cube karst medium physical model the initial water pressure force value of different location and
The numerical value of spring flux size passes through data line when Real-time Water pressure value during different time sections, the first spring mouthful and the second spring cause for gossip
It is connected with data collecting system；
Third step, dye tracers are added in extra feed tank, using Video Image Collecting System Based to colored solutions in model
Migration process carry out whole shooting；
4th step, after the test carries out air blast by large blower from the top of cube karst medium physical model, will
Remaining solution discharge is complete in cube karst medium physical model.
7. the side that the cube test device of monitoring karst medium water movement mechanism according to claim 6 is tested
Method, which is characterized in that by different bottom plates to change supply mode and feed size, reserving hole is divided into rectangular on bottom plate
Hole and round hole, supply mode are divided into two classes of individually supply and common supply；Size is fed by reserving hole on bottom plate
It is how many to determine, it is divided into five supply order of magnitude, increment is sequentially increased；Reserving hole can be used plastic plug and cram, and then complete
The change in supply region in pairs；By setting cover board at the top of Fracture Networks to separate Fracture Networks and top extra feed tank, come
Carry out the supply of different supply modes.
8. the side that the cube test device of monitoring karst medium water movement mechanism according to claim 6 is tested
Method, which is characterized in that connect the size of the first spring mouthful of Fracture Networks and the size of the second spring mouthful of connection pipe tunnel
Become.
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| WO2020000557A1 (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2020-01-02 | 山东大学 | Indoor tracer test system employing pipe to perform inversion of karst medium properties |
| CN111855966A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-10-30 | 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所 | Karst deposition simulation device |
| CN112632852A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-09 | 西南交通大学 | Karst area subway tunnel shield tunneling speed prediction method and device |
| CN115825386A (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-03-21 | 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所 | Physical simulation test device and method for karst underground water system |
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| WO2020000557A1 (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2020-01-02 | 山东大学 | Indoor tracer test system employing pipe to perform inversion of karst medium properties |
| US10989702B2 (en) | 2018-06-25 | 2021-04-27 | Shandong University | Laboratory tracer experiment system for medium characteristic inversion of karst conduit |
| CN109443692A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-03-08 | 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所 | A kind of karst subterranean stream water conversion and cycle simulator |
| CN109443692B (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2023-11-10 | 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所 | Karst underground river water circulation conversion analogue means |
| CN111855966A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-10-30 | 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所 | Karst deposition simulation device |
| CN112632852A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-09 | 西南交通大学 | Karst area subway tunnel shield tunneling speed prediction method and device |
| CN112632852B (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2023-05-23 | 西南交通大学 | Karst area subway tunnel shield tunneling speed prediction method and device |
| CN115825386A (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-03-21 | 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所 | Physical simulation test device and method for karst underground water system |
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