CN109403265A - The experimental rig and test method that the unrestrained top of simulation is burst - Google Patents
The experimental rig and test method that the unrestrained top of simulation is burst Download PDFInfo
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- CN109403265A CN109403265A CN201811205063.5A CN201811205063A CN109403265A CN 109403265 A CN109403265 A CN 109403265A CN 201811205063 A CN201811205063 A CN 201811205063A CN 109403265 A CN109403265 A CN 109403265A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
- E02B1/02—Hydraulic models
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Abstract
The experimental rig and test method to burst the present invention relates to a kind of unrestrained top of simulation, the experimental rig that the unrestrained top of simulation of the invention is burst includes model casing, detritus tank, water feeding tank and diversion unit and data acquisition unit；In being equipped with dam body model in model casing, discharge outlet is formed with relative to one end of dam body model back side in model casing；Detritus tank is connected to discharge outlet, and in one end amount of being configured with water structures of detritus tank；Water feeding tank is located at the other end of model casing, is formed with gap in its top；Tank is connected to amount water structures, and diversion unit constitutes conveying of the water into water feeding tank in tank；Data acquisition unit includes the image collecting device set on dam body model periphery, and set on the flow monitor drawn at jet-bedding.The experimental rig that the unrestrained top of simulation of the invention is burst, not only can accurately be truly reflected the mechanism of bursting of dam body material object, the development process of crevasse；Meanwhile it can also realize that recirculated water saves water resource to the lasting water supply of water feeding tank.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil test engineering device technique field, in particular to the experimental rig that a kind of unrestrained top of simulation is burst, together
When, the invention further relates to a kind of test methods of experimental rig.
Background technique
Hydraulic engineering is the important engineering concerning people's life safety and national wealth safety, and reservoir dam is important in performance
There is also the risks burst while effect, in order to preferably design hydraulic engineering and further investigate mechanism of collapsed dam, to earth and rockfill dam,
The test that the slope wash of dyke and side slope destroys is essential.
Currently, being tried for the test model that the test that earth and rockfill dam, the unrestrained top of dyke building are burst mainly includes indoor small scale
Test and outdoor progress dam-break experiments in situ.Because indoor dam-break experiments model and practical dam body difference are larger, cause to test
The change procedure inaccuracy of measured crevasse flow and dam body, can not really reflect the situation of change of practical dam body.And in room
Testing expenses needed for the dam-break experiments in situ of outer progress are more costly and time consuming longer, while being also difficult to control test process.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention is directed to propose a kind of simulation is unrestrained to push up the experimental rig to burst, to improve the standard of test result
True property.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:
A kind of experimental rig that the unrestrained top of simulation is burst, comprising:
Model casing, the interior top structure that is equipped with of Yu Suoshu model casing have the dam body model for drawing jet-bedding, and Yu Suoshu model casing is opposite
Discharge outlet is formed in one end of the dam body model back side；
Detritus tank is connected to the discharge outlet, and in one end amount of being configured with water structures of the detritus tank；
Water feeding tank, relative to the discharge outlet, positioned at the other end of the model casing, the top of Yu Suoshu water feeding tank is formed
There is water supply stream to be spilled over to the gap of the model casing；
Tank is connected to the amount water structures, the water flow flowed out with detritus tank described in containing；
Diversion unit is connected between the tank and the water feeding tank, to constitute the water in the tank to institute
State the conveying in water feeding tank；
Data acquisition unit including being set to the image collecting device on dam body model periphery, and is set to described
Draw the flow monitor at jet-bedding.
Further, the two opposite sides of the model casing are transparent panel.
Further, the diversion unit includes the water-supply-pipe being connected between the tank and the water feeding tank, with
And it is series at water pump and flowmeter on the water-supply-pipe, it further include the frequency converter coupled with the water pump.
Further, the water-supply-pipe includes supervisor, is connected to the both ends of the supervisor and is located at the tank
Interior water inlet pipe and the outlet pipe in the water feeding tank, the outlet pipe are in parallel with the supervisor and are arranged side by side more
It is a.
Further, the outlet pipe is vertically disposed on the supervisor, and is configured in the free end of the outlet pipe
Bottom towards the water feeding tank and the water outlet with the bottom interval of water feeding tank arrangement.
Further, the oriented model casing is constructed at Yu Suoshu gap to have a down dip the deflector of setting.
Further, the amount water structures are the triangular gap weir being formed on the detritus tank side wall.
Further, the notch opening angle on the triangular gap weir is 90 °.
Compared with the existing technology, present invention has the advantage that
The experimental rig that the unrestrained top of simulation of the present invention is burst, not only can be quasi- by using the small test model than ruler
Really it is truly reflected the mechanism of bursting of dam body material object, the development process and its influence factor of crevasse；Meanwhile will amount water structures with
Tank connection setting, it can be achieved that recirculated water saves water resource to the lasting water supply of water feeding tank, and the data being arranged acquire it is single
It is first then help to acquire the delta data of multiple angles and the accuracy that can be improved test result；In addition, this experimental rig is also
It can carry out dyke, side slope unrestrained top and the test such as wash away, and can be used repeatedly and save experimentation cost.
Another object of the present invention is to propose a kind of test method that the unrestrained top of simulation is burst, comprising the following steps:
A, heap is built a dam body Model in model casing；
B, current meter and image collecting device are opened；
C, start diversion unit, the water in feed cistern is transported in model casing via water feeding tank；
D, the flow velocity at jet-bedding is drawn by current meter acquisition, dam body model is recorded by described image acquisition device
The change procedure of slope surface and dam body model, and throughput water structures obtain the flow drawn at jet-bedding.
Further, the calculation formula of flow at jet-bedding is drawn in obtaining step dIts
Middle CeDischarge coefficient, θ are the notch opening angle on triangular gap weir, heFor head on weirs.
Detailed description of the invention
The attached drawing for constituting a part of the invention is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
It applies example and its explanation is used to explain the present invention, do not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram for the experimental rig that the unrestrained top of simulation described in the embodiment of the present invention one is burst；
Fig. 2 is the longitudinal sectional view of Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram on triangular gap weir described in the embodiment of the present invention one；
Description of symbols:
1- tank, 2- triangular gap weir, 3- detritus tank, 4- camera, 5- model casing, 51- discharge outlet, 6- dam body mould
Type, 61- draw jet-bedding, 7- current meter, 8- water feeding tank, 81- deflector, 9- outlet pipe, 10- pedestal, 11- frequency converter, 12- supervisor,
13- water inlet pipe, 14- water pump.
Specific embodiment
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the present invention can phase
Mutually combination.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Embodiment one
The present invention relates to the experimental rigs that a kind of unrestrained top of simulation is burst, and mainly include model casing, heavy in its overall structure
Slag bath, water feeding tank and diversion unit and data acquisition unit, wherein draw jet-bedding in having in model casing equipped with top structure
Dam body model is formed with discharge outlet relative to one end of dam body model back side in model casing；Detritus tank is connected to discharge outlet, and
In one end amount of being configured with water structures of detritus tank；And water feeding tank is relative to discharge outlet, positioned at the other end of model casing, and in confession
The gap that water supply stream is spilled over to model casing is formed at the top of water tank.Tank of the invention is connected to amount water structures, with
The water flow of containing detritus tank outflow；And diversion unit is connected between tank and water feeding tank, with constitute the water in tank to
Conveying in water feeding tank；Data acquisition unit specifically includes the image collecting device for being set to dam body model periphery, and setting
In drawing the flow monitor at jet-bedding.
Based on overall structure as above, a kind of exemplary structure for the experimental rig that the unrestrained top of the simulation of the present embodiment is burst is as schemed
Shown in 1 and Fig. 2, shown under Fig. 2 state, the tank 1 and detritus tank 3 of the present embodiment are respectively positioned on the left end of model casing 5,
And water feeding tank 8 is then located at the right end of model casing 5.On specific structure, as shown in fig. 1, the model casing 5 of the present embodiment is specifically by structure
Rectangular-shaped, and the open top setting of model casing 5 is caused, and is expelled to detritus tank 3 for the ease of the water flow of model casing 5, model
The also open setting of the left end of case 5, and this opening constitutes discharge outlet 51 above-mentioned.In addition, for the ease of observation, model casing 5
The observation sides (namely under Fig. 1 state shown in front and back side) of two opposite sides be made of transparent organic glass plate.
In addition, being equipped in the bottom of model casing 5 should with support for the ease of the setting of detritus tank 3 above-mentioned and tank 1
The pedestal 10 of model casing 5, specifically when manufacture, which can be welded by " H " fashioned iron.Further, in the bottom of pedestal 10
Portion is equipped with spaced apart multiple adjustment lower margins, improves test effect in order to adjust the levelness of model casing 5.It needs to illustrate
, model casing 5 is rectangular-shaped in addition to being configured to, it also can be configured to the other structures shape such as pentagon, hexagon, at this point,
The observation side of 5 two sides of model casing is also preferably made of glass plate；In addition, the left end of model casing 5 can not also open setting, this
When, discharge outlet 51 can be the local openings being formed on 5 left side of model casing.
In the present embodiment, in order to save space, water feeding tank 8 above-mentioned is specifically built in model casing 5, and is located at model
The right end of case 5.And for the ease of manufacturing, in the present embodiment, the glass plate for being connected to two opposite sides is equipped in the right end of model casing 5
Between demarcation plate, the right side plate and two glass plates of this glass plate and model casing 5, which enclose, constitutes the water feeding tank of the present embodiment
8.In addition, demarcation plate is lower than the right wall plate of model casing 5 in order to guarantee that the water flow of water feeding tank 8 can only be spilled over to the left in model casing 5
Setting.In addition to this outer, the direct swash body Model 6 of water flow in order to avoid spilling into model casing 5 in water feeding tank 8, as shown in figure 1
It is shown, have in the top structure of demarcation plate and arranges along its width direction and have a down dip the deflector 81 of arrangement to model casing 5.Into one
Step ground, the deflector 81 are configured to arc panel, flow to the dropping velocity in model casing 5 with buffered water.It should be noted that for
Water tank 8 can also be individual cabinet in addition to being constructed on the basis of model casing 5, and the cabinet is placed in model casing 5
Above-mentioned deflector 81 is arranged at this point, being also suitable on the left wall plate of cabinet in right end.
As shown in fig. 1, the detritus tank 3 of the present embodiment is configured to have the rectangular-shaped of same widths with model casing 5, and
Connect setting with the discharge outlet 51 of model casing 5.And in order to improve flowing velocity of the water flow of model casing 5 in detritus tank 3, sediment
Pond 3 is arranged lower than model casing 5, and specifically, the bottom of the detritus tank 3 of the present embodiment is concordant with the bottom of pedestal 10 to be arranged.In addition,
For the ease of processing and manufacturing, amount water structures above-mentioned are specially the triangular gap weir 2 being configured on 3 left side wall of detritus tank.
And in order to further increase sediment effect of the water flow in detritus tank 3, the notch opening angle on the triangular gap weir 2 is specially 90 °.
It should be noted that the amount water structures of the present embodiment can also be used rectangular notch weir or wait in addition to using triangular gap weir 2
Wide weir；In addition, the notch opening angle on triangular gap weir 2 is in addition to being set as 90 °, also visual concrete condition and be adjusted accordingly.
The tank 1 of the present embodiment is whole be also substantially configured to it is rectangular-shaped, in order to fabricate.And for the ease of whole cloth
Office, tank 1 are included detritus tank 3 and are disposed adjacent with model casing 5, can so make the water flowed out via triangular gap weir 2 straight
It takes back and flows in tank 1, be arranged such and water flow recycling in the experimental rig can be achieved, youngster saves water resource.When
So, tank 1 can also be set to the side of detritus tank 3, and by pipeline connection triangular gap weir 2 and tank 1, can also make to sink
Water in slag bath 3 is back in tank 1.
As shown in Fig. 1, the diversion unit of the present embodiment specifically include be connected to it is defeated between tank 1 and water feeding tank 8
Water pipe, and the water pump 14 and flowmeter not shown in the figure that are series on water-supply-pipe, further include the frequency conversion coupled with water pump 14
Device 11.And in order to improve conveying effect, the water-supply-pipe of the present embodiment includes supervisor 12, is connected to the both ends of supervisor 12 and difference
Water inlet pipe 13 in tank 1 and the outlet pipe 9 in water feeding tank 8.In the present embodiment, supply water to further increase
Case 8 in the uniformity of spilling water in model casing 5, outlet pipe 9 be it is in parallel with supervisor 12 and be arranged side by side it is multiple, in the present embodiment,
Outlet pipe 9 is preferably three to be arranged side by side.
In addition to this, in order to further increase spill-over effects, as shown in Figure 2, outlet pipe 9 is vertically disposed to supervisor 12
On, and the bottom towards water feeding tank 8 and the water outlet with the bottom interval of water feeding tank 8 arrangement are configured in the free end of outlet pipe 9
Mouthful.In addition to this, as shown in Fig. 1, in order to improve conveying speed of the water of tank 1 into water feeding tank 8, the present embodiment into
Water pipe 13 and the isometrical setting of outlet pipe 9, and be also and be arranged side by side three in parallel with supervisor 12.
Image collecting device in the present embodiment specifically includes computer, and couples and ring dam body model 6 with computer
The multiple cameras 4 being arranged.As shown in Fig. 1, wherein the camera 4 of the present embodiment is specifically configured to four, and is located at
The two opposite sides of the upstream face of dam body model 6, back side and dam body model 6.Certainly, the quantity of camera 4 and specific setting
Position can be adjusted accordingly according to test demand.Flow monitor specifically uses SI-3LTM7 radar of SVR electric flow meter
Sensor, to improve to the detection accuracy for drawing flow at jet-bedding 61.
The experimental rig that the unrestrained top of this simulation is burst, not only can be accurately truly anti-by using the small test model than ruler
Reflect the mechanism of bursting of dam body material object, the development process and its influence factor of crevasse；Meanwhile by triangular gap weir 2 and tank 1
Connection setting is, it can be achieved that recirculated water saves water resource to the lasting water supply of water feeding tank 8, and the multiple cameras 4 being arranged then have
Help the accuracy that test result is improved from multi-angle acquisition test data；In addition, this experimental rig can also carry out dyke,
The test such as is washed away in side slope unrestrained top, and can be used repeatedly and save experimentation cost, so that this experimental rig has very
Good practicability.
Embodiment two
The present invention relates to the test methods that a kind of unrestrained top of simulation is burst, comprising the following steps:
A, heap is built a dam body Model 6 in model casing 5；
B, current meter 7 and image collecting device are opened；
C, start diversion unit, so that the water in feed cistern is transported in model casing 5 via water feeding tank 8；
D, the flow velocity drawn at jet-bedding 61 is acquired by current meter 7, the slope surface of dam body model 6 is recorded by image collecting device
With the change procedure of dam body model 6, and throughput water structures obtain and draw flow at jet-bedding 61.
Wherein, the calculation formula of flow at jet-bedding 61 is drawn in obtaining step dIts
In, CeDischarge coefficient, θ are the notch opening angle on triangular gap weir 2, heFor head on weirs, calculated to simplify, can also be used through
Test formula: Q=1.343h2.47And obtain the flow drawn at jet-bedding 61.
The test method that the unrestrained top of this simulation is burst is filled by using the test that the unrestrained top of simulation as described in embodiment one is burst
Set, it is not only easy to operate, while also can accurate simulation go out the unrestrained top of true dam body and burst operating condition, so as to effectively instruct dam body
It designs and prevents dam body unrestrained top occurs to burst phenomenon.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of experimental rig that the unrestrained top of simulation is burst characterized by comprising
Model casing (5), the interior top structure that is equipped with of Yu Suoshu model casing (5) have the dam body model (6) for drawing jet-bedding (61), Yu Suoshu mould
Molding box (5) is formed with discharge outlet (51) relative to one end of dam body model (6) back side；
Detritus tank (3) is connected to the discharge outlet (51), and in one end amount of being configured with water structures of the detritus tank (3)；
Water feeding tank (8) is located at the other end of the model casing (5), Yu Suoshu water feeding tank (8) relative to the discharge outlet (51)
Top be formed with the gap that water supply stream is spilled over to the model casing (5)；
Tank (1) is connected to the amount water structures, the water flow flowed out with detritus tank described in containing (3)；
Diversion unit is connected between the tank (1) and the water feeding tank (8), to constitute the water in the tank (1)
Conveying into the water feeding tank (8)；
Data acquisition unit including being set to the image collecting device on dam body model (6) periphery, and is set to described draw
Flow monitor at jet-bedding (61).
2. the experimental rig that the unrestrained top of simulation according to claim 1 is burst, it is characterised in that: the two of the model casing (5)
Opposite side is transparent panel.
3. the experimental rig that the unrestrained top of simulation according to claim 1 is burst, it is characterised in that: the diversion unit includes connecting
The water-supply-pipe between the tank (1) and the water feeding tank (8) is passed through, and the water pump (14) being series on the water-supply-pipe
And flowmeter, it further include the frequency converter (11) coupled with the water pump (14).
4. the experimental rig that the unrestrained top of simulation according to claim 3 is burst, it is characterised in that: the water-supply-pipe includes supervisor
(12), the both ends of the supervisor (12) are connected to and the water inlet pipe (13) that is located in the tank (1) and are located at described
Outlet pipe (9) in water feeding tank (8), the outlet pipe (9) are in parallel with the supervisor (12) and are arranged side by side multiple.
5. the experimental rig that the unrestrained top of simulation according to claim 4 is burst, it is characterised in that: the outlet pipe (9) is vertical
Be arranged on the supervisor (12), and in the free end of the outlet pipe (9) be configured with bottom towards the water feeding tank (8),
And the water outlet with the bottom interval of the water feeding tank (8) arrangement.
6. the experimental rig that the unrestrained top of simulation according to any one of claim 1 to 5 is burst, it is characterised in that: Yu Suoshu
The oriented model casing (5) is constructed at gap to have a down dip the deflector (81) of setting.
7. the experimental rig that the unrestrained top of simulation according to any one of claim 1 to 5 is burst, it is characterised in that: the amount
Water structures are the triangular gap weir (2) being formed on the detritus tank (3) side wall.
8. the experimental rig that the unrestrained top of simulation according to claim 1 is burst, it is characterised in that: the triangular gap weir
(2) notch opening angle is 90 °.
9. a kind of test method that the unrestrained top of simulation is burst, which comprises the following steps:
A, body Model (6) are built a dam in model casing (5) interior heap；
B, current meter (7) and image collecting device are opened；
C, start diversion unit, the water in feed cistern is transported in model casing (5) via water feeding tank (8)；
D, the flow velocity at jet-bedding (61) is drawn by the current meter (7) acquisition, dam body mould is recorded by described image acquisition device
The slope surface of type (6) and the change procedure of dam body model (6), and throughput water structures obtain the flow drawn at jet-bedding (61).
10. the test method that the unrestrained top of simulation according to claim 9 is burst, it is characterised in that: draw jet-bedding in obtaining step d
(61) calculation formula of flow at are as follows:Wherein CeDischarge coefficient, θ are triangular gap
The notch opening angle on weir (2), heFor head on weirs.
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| CN109898462A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-06-18 | 蚌埠学院 | A kind of lock weir aerial drainage imitative experimental appliance and its experimental method |
| CN110686993A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-14 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Test method for dynamically recording erosion inside dam |
| CN111021304A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-17 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Dam burst test composite simulation device and method based on real-time storage capacity adjustment |
| CN112064572A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-12-11 | 天津大学 | Device for simulating embankment bursting process under ice action and test method |
| CN112834375A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2021-05-25 | 同济大学 | Soil and stone water tank erosion test device considering seepage |
| CN112945595A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-11 | 西安理工大学 | Test equipment and test method for silt dam bursting process |
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| CN112064572B (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2021-09-28 | 天津大学 | Device for simulating embankment bursting process under ice action and test method |
| CN112945595A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-11 | 西安理工大学 | Test equipment and test method for silt dam bursting process |
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