CN106801476B - 纤维增强型水泥砂浆复合真空绝热保温板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
纤维增强型水泥砂浆复合真空绝热保温板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106801476B CN106801476B CN201610730419.1A CN201610730419A CN106801476B CN 106801476 B CN106801476 B CN 106801476B CN 201610730419 A CN201610730419 A CN 201610730419A CN 106801476 B CN106801476 B CN 106801476B
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- fiber reinforcement
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- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
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- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种纤维增强型水泥砂浆复合真空绝热保温板，其特征在于：所述的真空绝热保温板包括芯材和带有防护层的高强度阻气膜，所述的带有防护层的高强度阻气膜包裹在芯材的外围，并与芯材之间通过抽真空封装；所述的带有防护层的高强度阻气膜由外侧的防护层与内侧的密封层复合而成。本发明结构合理、具有外保护层的复合真空绝热保温板，解决了施工过程中真空绝热保温板破损漏气的问题，施工安装方便，其具有优良的保温性、安全性、耐久性和轻质超薄的特点，并便于真空绝热保温板的工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种建筑领域的外墙保温复合板，确切的说是一种纤维增强型水泥砂浆复合真空绝热保温板及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前常见的真空绝热保温板防火等级虽然能达到国家标准不燃或难燃，保温效果良好。但是，它们在施工过程中容易被刮伤，出现空鼓、漏气现象，利用率大大降低。
现有技术中已经存在真空绝热保温板外边包覆低碱粘结砂浆、发泡水泥、无机保温砂浆、改性水泥聚苯颗粒，而且上述技术本公司已经申请专利并获得保护。但是上述技术存在成本高、耐热性不高等问题。
本发明提供了一种新的上述技术的替换品，本发明结构合理、具有外保护层的复合真空绝热保温板，解决了施工过程中真空绝热保温板破损漏气的问题，施工安装方便，其具有优良的保温性、安全性、耐久性和轻质超薄的特点，并便于真空绝热保温板的工业化生产。
发明内容
为了解决STP真空板在操作中的刮伤，影响保温效果的问题，我们在STP真空板的表面覆盖一层纤维增强型水泥砂浆，能够使得STP真空板耐高温，可以有效防止STP真空板的高温损坏。
本发明采取的技术方案如下：一种纤维增强型水泥砂浆复合真空绝热保温板，其特征在于：所述的真空绝热保温板包括芯材和带有防护层的高强度阻气膜，所述的带有防护层的高强度阻气膜包裹在芯材的外围，并与芯材之间通过抽真空封装；所述的带有防护层的高强度阻气膜由外侧的防护层与内侧的密封层复合而成；其中，防护层为纤纤维增强型水泥砂浆，用于大幅度提高阻气膜的耐久性、耐磨性、硬度及整个保温板的保温性能；密封层由无纺布、铝箔、镀铝膜、聚酯薄膜、尼龙薄膜、聚乙烯薄膜、聚氯乙烯薄膜、聚苯乙烯薄膜、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚乙烯醇薄膜、乙烯- 醋酸乙烯共聚物薄膜、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物薄膜、聚碳酸酯薄膜、聚丙烯的一种或一种以上复合而成，用于维持芯材的真空环境。
作为优选，所述的纤维增强型水泥砂浆的浆料组成按质量分数计为：
水泥20%-50%，石英砂10%-50%，短切纤维5%-20%，重钙5%-8%，胶粉5%-10%，外加剂0.1%-3%，减水剂0.2%-0.4%，缓凝剂0.4%-0.8%。
作为优选， 所述水泥采用硅酸盐水泥、铝酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥、铁铝酸盐水泥、镁氧水泥、高强度石膏中的一种或几种按任意比例组成的混合物。
作为优选， 所述的石英砂的粒径大小为30-50目或50-80目，外观圆滑无棱角。
作为优选，所述短切纤维为碳纤维、玻璃纤维、陶瓷纤维、聚酯纤维中的一种或多种按比例组合后的混合物，其中纤维长度为3-12mm。
作为优选，所述的外加剂为聚丙烯纤维、酒石酸、羟丙基甲基纤维素、木质素和聚乙烯醇按任意比例组合后得到的混合物。
作为优选，所述的减水剂为木质素磺酸盐或磺化三聚氰胺甲醛树脂。
作为优选，所述的缓凝剂为一元醇、多元醇、聚乙烯醇、羧酸盐基有机物、酒石酸、磷酸盐或硼酸盐中的任意一种。
一种所述的纤维增强型水泥砂浆复合真空绝热保温板的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）将混合浆料的各组分称量后，充分混合，得到混合物；
（2）将步骤（1）中得到的混合物与水混合以后投入到搅拌机中搅拌10min，保证充分混合，其中水与上述各组分组成的混合物的质量比为1: 2；
（3）取规格尺寸的模具，在底面先平摊一层1-15mm 厚的纤维增强型水泥砂浆混合浆料，再放入规格尺寸的真空绝热保温板，使真空绝热保温板的面积与模具的面积相等，且真空绝热保温板的四个侧面与模具正好接触，然后压制8-24 h、烘干6-24 h后脱模，再在自然环境条件下用普通塑料薄膜盖住养护3-28 天即可，形成防护层，即得到纤维增强型水泥砂浆复合真空绝热保温板。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1）本发明提供了一种结构合理、具有外保护层的复合真空绝热保温板，替换了目前现有技术中的保温板，解决了施工过程中真空绝热保温板因破损漏气、出现空鼓的问题，影响施工效率。复合板具有更好的耐压性、抗摔性，而且质量轻，此复合板施工安装方便，利用率大大提高；
2）将纤维增强型水泥砂浆作为保护层可以有效阻隔高温热源与STP真空板的直接接触，解决了STP真空板在高温环境下壁材容易被破坏的问题；
3）所述的纤维增强型水泥砂浆复合真空绝热保温板不仅具有良好的保护层，且具有相变蓄能、红外反射等更好的保温功能；
4）本发明与之前发明另一不同之处是，复合真空绝热保温板的制备步骤有所调整。之前是在制作好的真空绝热保温板的基础上，包覆外保护层。本发明则是先制备带有外保护层的高强度阻气膜，然后再制备真空绝热保温板。这样做的优势在于简化了操作步骤，使规模化生产成为可能，使纤维增强型水泥砂浆复合真空绝热保温板便于一体成型。
具体实施方式
一种纤维增强型水泥砂浆复合真空绝热保温板，其特征在于：所述的真空绝热保温板包括芯材和带有防护层的高强度阻气膜，所述的带有防护层的高强度阻气膜包裹在芯材的外围，并与芯材之间通过抽真空封装；所述的带有防护层的高强度阻气膜由外侧的防护层与内侧的密封层复合而成；其中，防护层为纤维增强型水泥砂浆，用于大幅度提高阻气膜的耐久性、耐磨性、硬度及整个保温板的保温性能；密封层由无纺布、铝箔、镀铝膜、聚酯薄膜、尼龙薄膜、聚乙烯薄膜、聚氯乙烯薄膜、聚苯乙烯薄膜、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚乙烯醇薄膜、乙烯- 醋酸乙烯共聚物薄膜、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物薄膜、聚碳酸酯薄膜、聚丙烯的一种或一种以上复合而成，用于维持芯材的真空环境。
通过在真空绝热芯材外部包覆纤维增强型水泥砂浆，一方面解决了真空绝热板的破损问题，同时解决了真空绝热板在高温下工作容易损坏破损的现象，节约成本，可以替换目前现有技术中的相关产品。
本发明与现有的低碱粘结砂浆、发泡水泥、无机保温砂浆、改性水泥聚苯颗粒包覆物等现有技术相比，能够提高大约31%的耐压性，而且因为防护层和密封层一体形成后再抽真空，因此使得芯材和阻气膜之间会形成一定的空间，因此相对于现有技术，具有更轻的重量，能够减少大约7%左右的重量，同时因为纤维，使得保温板具有更高的耐弯折强度，能够提高大约29%的耐弯折强度。同时本申请的保温性能相对于现有技术也能提高16%左右。
作为优选，所述的纤维增强型水泥砂浆的浆料组成按质量分数计为：
水泥20%-50%，石英砂10%-50%，短切纤维5%-20%，重钙5%-8%，胶粉5%-10%，外加剂0.1%-3%，减水剂0.2%-0.4%，缓凝剂0.4%-0.8%。
进一步优选，水泥35%-50%，石英砂20%-40%，短切纤维8%-15%，重钙6%-7%，胶粉7%-8%，外加剂1.5%-2.5%，减水剂0.25%-0.34%，缓凝剂0.6%-0.7%。
作为优选，所述的浆料中进一步添加相变蓄能剂和热反射绝热粉。
作为优选，所述相变蓄能剂的质量是添加相变蓄能剂前的砂浆质量的20-25%。
作为优选，所述热反射绝热粉的质量是添加热反射绝热粉前的砂浆质量的6-10%。
作为优选，所述相变蓄能剂是以Na2SO4·10H2O、CaCl2·6H2O、Na2HPO4·12H2O中的一种或多种混合的无机水合盐为囊芯的相变微胶囊。
相变微胶囊直径为0.1-0.5mm，用于增加保护层的保温及微调温功能，若相变微胶囊颗粒过小，则其包覆的相变材料过少，起不到良好微调温作用，若相变微胶囊颗粒过大，则影响混合浆料的压制成型。
作为优选，所述热反射绝热粉由纳米氧化钛、氧化钒、氧化铁、空心玻璃微珠、海泡石、珍珠岩的一种或多种按比例组合后的混合物，用于增加保护层的热反射功能，以提高整个保温板的保温性能。
通过添加相变蓄能剂和热反射绝热粉，使得真空绝热板具有相变蓄能、红外反射等更好的保温功能。
作为优选，将各原料充分混合搅拌后加水，即得。
作为优选，其中水与上述各组分组成的混合物的质量比为1:(1.5-4)，优选为1:2。
作为优选，所述水泥采用硅酸盐水泥、铝酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥、铁铝酸盐水泥、镁氧水泥、高强度石膏中的一种或几种按任意比例组成的混合物。
作为优选，所述水泥采用硅酸盐水泥、铝酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥，其质量比为1:1:2.25。
作为优选， 所述的石英砂的粒径大小为30-50 目或50-80目，外观圆滑无棱角。
作为优选，所述短切纤维为碳纤维、玻璃纤维、陶瓷纤维、聚酯纤维中的一种或多种按比例组合后的混合物，其中纤维长度为3-12mm。
纤维用于增强防护层的柔韧性及抗折抗压性能，若纤维长度过短则会失去良好的柔韧性，若纤维长度过长则不利于浆料均匀混合，上述纤维长度是经过大量实验获得的最佳的效果。
作为优选，所述的外加剂为聚丙烯纤维、酒石酸、羟丙基甲基纤维素、木质素和聚乙烯醇按任意比例组合后得到的混合物。主要作用为保持水分，用于增强施工时的可操作性。
作为优选，所述的减水剂为木质素磺酸盐或磺化三聚氰胺甲醛树脂。
作为优选，所述的缓凝剂为一元醇、多元醇、聚乙烯醇、羧酸盐基有机物、酒石酸、磷酸盐或硼酸盐中的任意一种。
一种所述的纤维增强型水泥砂浆复合真空绝热保温板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将混合浆料的各组分称量后，充分混合，得到混合物；
（2）将步骤（1）中得到的混合物与水混合以后投入到搅拌机中搅拌10min，保证充分混合，其中水与上述各组分组成的混合物的质量比为1: 2；
（3）平铺所述密封层，再取规格尺寸的模具压置其上，平摊一层1-20mm 厚的纤维增强型水泥砂浆的混合浆料，使混合浆料将模具内的密封层覆盖，压制8-24 h、烘干6-24 h后脱模，形成带有防护层的高强度阻气膜；
（4）所述的带有防护层的高强度阻气膜包裹在芯材的外围，并与芯材之间通过抽真空封装，形成具有防护层的复合真空绝热保温板。
下面通过具体实施例来进一步说明。
实施例1
一种纤维增强型水泥砂浆复合真空绝热保温板，包括纤维增强型水泥砂浆质量配比分别如下的成份：水泥20%，石英砂50%，短切纤维19%，重钙5%，胶粉5%，外加剂0.1%，减水剂0.2%，缓凝剂0.7%。
将上述原材料精确计量后，投入干粉砂浆混合机中，经机械混合均匀后，与水混合继续搅拌10min，保证充分混合，其中水与上述各组分组成的混合物的质量比为1: 2 。
此配比条件下，在真空绝热板两个表面复合10mm厚的纤维增强型水泥砂浆浆料，其性能如下：抗压强度为0.35MPa，复合板的密度为510kg/m3，抗折强度为0.33 MPa，导热系数为0.027W/(m·K)。
实施例2
一种纤维增强型水泥砂浆复合真空绝热保温板，包括纤维增强型水泥砂浆质量配比分别如下的成份：水泥35%，石英砂40%，短切纤维10%，重钙7%，胶粉6%，外加剂1%，减水剂0.3%，缓凝剂0.7%。
将上述原材料精确计量后，投入干粉砂浆混合机中，经机械混合均匀后，与水混合继续搅拌10min，保证充分混合，其中水与上述各组分组成的混合物的质量比为1: 2 。
此配比条件下，在真空绝热板两个表面复合10mm厚的纤维增强型水泥砂浆浆料，其性能如下：抗压强度为0.40MPa，复合板的密度为450kg/m3，抗折强度为0.37 MPa，导热系数为0.026W/(m·K)。
实施例3
一种纤维增强型水泥砂浆复合真空绝热保温板，包括纤维增强型水泥砂浆质量配比分别如下的成份：水泥50%，石英砂20%，短切纤维8%，重钙8%，胶粉10%，外加剂3%，减水剂0.4%，缓凝剂0.6%。
将上述原材料精确计量后，投入干粉砂浆混合机中，经机械混合均匀后，与水混合继续搅拌10min，保证充分混合，其中水与上述各组分组成的混合物的质量比为1: 2 。
此配比条件下，在真空绝热板两个表面复合10mm厚的纤维增强型水泥砂浆浆料，其性能如下：抗压强度为0.45MPa，复合板的密度为427kg/m3，抗折强度为0.41 MPa，导热系数为0.024W/(m·K)。
本发明实施例3与现有的低碱粘结砂浆、发泡水泥、无机保温砂浆、改性水泥聚苯颗粒包覆物等现有技术相比，抗压性能提高31%以上，而且因为防护层和密封层一体形成后再抽真空，因此使得芯材和阻气膜之间会形成一定的空间，因此相对于现有技术，具有更轻的重量，能够减少7%以上的重量，同时因为纤维水泥砂浆，使得保温板具有较高的耐弯折强度，与现有的低碱粘结砂浆、发泡水泥、无机保温砂浆、改性水泥聚苯颗粒包覆物等现有技术相比，能够提高大约29%以上的耐弯折强度。最重要的是，本申请的保温性能相对于现有技术有大幅提高，约16%以上。
表1列出了正反两面各包覆10mm厚度保护层的300×300×30mm规格的复合真空绝热保温板相关性能的实验数据。
表 1 300×300×30mm规格的复合真空绝热保温板性能比较
以上所述，仅为本发明的优选实施方式，本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例，凡属于此发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出，对于本技术领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的任何改进也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种纤维增强型水泥砂浆复合真空绝热保温板，其特征在于：所述的真空绝热保温板包括芯材和带有防护层的高强度阻气膜，所述的带有防护层的高强度阻气膜包裹在芯材的外围，并与芯材之间通过抽真空封装；所述的带有防护层的高强度阻气膜由外侧的防护层与内侧的密封层复合而成；其中，防护层为纤维增强型水泥砂浆，用于大幅度提高阻气膜的耐久性、耐磨性、硬度及整个保温板的保温性能；密封层由无纺布、铝箔、镀铝膜、聚酯薄膜、尼龙薄膜、聚乙烯薄膜、聚氯乙烯薄膜、聚苯乙烯薄膜、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚乙烯醇薄膜、乙烯- 醋酸乙烯共聚物薄膜、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物薄膜、聚碳酸酯薄膜、聚丙烯的一种或一种以上复合而成，用于维持芯材的真空环境；所述的纤维增强型水泥砂浆的浆料组成按质量分数计为：水泥20%-50%，石英砂10%-50%，短切纤维5%-20%，重钙5%-8%，胶粉5%-10%，外加剂0.1%-3%，减水剂0.2%-0.4%，缓凝剂0.4%-0.8%；所述短切纤维为碳纤维、玻璃纤维、陶瓷纤维、聚酯纤维中的一种或多种按比例组合后的混合物，其中纤维长度为3-12mm；所述的浆料中进一步添加相变蓄能剂和热反射绝热粉；所述相变蓄能剂的质量是添加相变蓄能剂前的砂浆质量的20-25%；所述热反射绝热粉的质量是添加热反射绝热粉前的砂浆质量的6-10%；所述相变蓄能剂是以Na2SO4·10H2O、CaCl2·6H2O、Na2HPO4·12H2O中的一种或多种混合的无机水合盐为囊芯的相变微胶囊；所述热反射绝热粉由纳米氧化钛、氧化钒、氧化铁、空心玻璃微珠、海泡石、珍珠岩的一种或多种按比例组合后的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纤维增强型水泥砂浆复合真空绝热保温板，其特征在于，所述水泥采用硅酸盐水泥、铝酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥、铁铝酸盐水泥、镁氧水泥、高强度石膏中的一种或几种按任意比例组成的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纤维增强型水泥砂浆复合真空绝热保温板，其特征在于，所述的石英砂的粒径大小为30-50 目或50-80目，外观圆滑无棱角。
4.根据权利要求1所述的纤维增强型水泥砂浆复合真空绝热保温板，其特征在于，所述外加剂为聚丙烯纤维、酒石酸、羟丙基甲基纤维素、木质素和聚乙烯醇按任意比例组合后得到的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的纤维增强型水泥砂浆复合真空绝热保温板，其特征在于，所述的减水剂为木质素磺酸盐或磺化三聚氰胺甲醛树脂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的纤维增强型水泥砂浆复合真空绝热保温板，其特征在于，所述的缓凝剂为一元醇、多元醇、聚乙烯醇、羧酸盐基有机物、酒石酸、磷酸盐或硼酸盐中的任
意一种。
7.一种根据权利要求1-6之一所述的纤维增强型水泥砂浆复合真空绝热保温板的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）平铺所述密封层，再取规格尺寸的模具压置其上，平摊一层1-20mm 厚的纤维增强型水泥砂浆的混合浆料，使混合浆料将模具内的密封层覆盖，压制8-24 h、烘干6-24 h后脱模，形成带有防护层的高强度阻气膜；
（2）所述的带有防护层的高强度阻气膜包裹在芯材的外围，并与芯材之间通过抽真空封装，形成具有防护层的复合真空绝热保温板。
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