CN106795997B - 包括低温压力容器的机动车和用于为机动车低温压力容器加燃料的方法 - Google Patents

包括低温压力容器的机动车和用于为机动车低温压力容器加燃料的方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN106795997B
CN106795997B CN201580054841.3A CN201580054841A CN106795997B CN 106795997 B CN106795997 B CN 106795997B CN 201580054841 A CN201580054841 A CN 201580054841A CN 106795997 B CN106795997 B CN 106795997B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
container
refuelling
fluid
heat
internal container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201580054841.3A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN106795997A (zh
Inventor
J-M·孔贝格尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Publication of CN106795997A publication Critical patent/CN106795997A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN106795997B publication Critical patent/CN106795997B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/001Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67DDISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D7/00Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
    • B67D7/04Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes for transferring fuels, lubricants or mixed fuels and lubricants
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67DDISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D7/00Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
    • B67D7/06Details or accessories
    • B67D7/32Arrangements of safety or warning devices; Means for preventing unauthorised delivery of liquid
    • B67D7/3218Arrangements of safety or warning devices; Means for preventing unauthorised delivery of liquid relating to emergency shut-off means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67DDISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D7/00Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
    • B67D7/06Details or accessories
    • B67D7/78Arrangements of storage tanks, reservoirs or pipe-lines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/005Storage of gas or gaseous mixture at high pressure and at high density condition, e.g. in the single state phase
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/12Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/02Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01Shape
    • F17C2201/0104Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/01Reinforcing or suspension means
    • F17C2203/014Suspension means
    • F17C2203/018Suspension means by attachment at the neck
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629Two walls
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0153Details of mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0192Details of mounting arrangements with external bearing means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323Valves
    • F17C2205/0326Valves electrically actuated
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012Hydrogen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03Control means
    • F17C2250/032Control means using computers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03Control means
    • F17C2250/034Control means using wireless transmissions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0421Mass or weight of the content of the vessel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043Pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439Temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0486Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
    • F17C2250/0491Parameters measured at or inside the vessel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605Parameters
    • F17C2250/0636Flow or movement of content
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/07Actions triggered by measured parameters
    • F17C2250/072Action when predefined value is reached
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/035Dealing with losses of fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042Reducing risk of explosion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/065Fluid distribution for refueling vehicle fuel tanks
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00Applications
    • F17C2270/01Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32Hydrogen storage

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

在此公开的技术涉及一种用于为机动车低温压力容器加燃料的方法和一种具有低温压力容器的机动车。机动车包括:a)低温压力容器(100),其具有存储流体的内部容器(110)、外部容器(120)和隔热装置(V),所述隔热装置至少在部分区域上设置在内部容器(110)和外部容器(120)之间;和b)控制装置(140),该控制装置(140)构造用于当在隔热装置(V)损坏的情况下超过内部容器(110)中流体的流体密度下限值(DUB)时中断为机动车加燃料,其中,流体密度下限值(DUB)小于在为具有完好隔热装置(V)的内部容器(110)加燃料时内部容器(110)中流体的流体密度上限值DOB)。

Description

包括低温压力容器的机动车和用于为机动车低温压力容器加 燃料的方法
技术领域
在此公开的技术涉及一种包括低温压力容器的机动车和用于为机动车低温压力容器加燃料的方法。
背景技术
低温压力容器由现有技术已知。这种压力容器包括内部容器和外部容器,该外部容器在形成超隔离(如真空的)(中间)空间的情况下包围内部容器。低温压力容器例如用于机动车,在这些机动车中,在环境条件下气态的燃料被低温地并且因此在液态或超临界聚集态中基本上以明显高于环境条件的密度地储存。这种燃料、如氢或压缩天然气例如在约30K至360K的温度下储存于低温压力容器中。压力容器因此需要极好的隔热,以便尽可能防止不希望的热渗透到被低温储存的介质中。因此设有高效隔离套(如真空套)。例如EP1546601 B1公开了这种压力容器。此外,DE 102012218989 A1和DE 112010004462 T2是现有技术。
当压力容器的隔热不令人满意或者隔热装置损坏时,储存的燃料缓慢加热。在此,压力容器内的压力同时慢慢上升。当超过极限压力时,则燃料必须通过适合的安全装置逸出,以避免低温压力容器破裂。为此,例如使用所谓的放气管理系统或者说蒸发管理系统(下面称为 BMS)。这种系统允许燃料逸出,排出的燃料例如在催化器中转化。此外,可附加地使用机械安全阀(SVT)或减压阀和破裂片,它们可在BMS下游释放燃料。
当压力容器尽管隔热装置有缺陷但仍被以未损坏的压力容器的最大存储密度加燃料时,上述安全装置逐渐激活。如果排出的燃料不能通过BMS转化,则燃料未经使用地被排放到环境中。于是会产生爆炸性的或至少可燃的混合物。因此,应避免使用隔热装置有缺陷的车辆并且应立即更换压力容器。
发明内容
在此公开的技术的任务在于,改善低温压力容器或提供一种替代方案。所述任务通过如下的机动车来解决,该机动车包括:低温压力容器,该低温压力容器具有存储流体的内部容器、外部容器和隔热装置,所述隔热装置至少在部分区域上设置在内部容器和外部容器之间;控制装置,该控制装置构造用于当在隔热装置损坏的情况下超过内部容器中流体的流体密度下限值时中断为机动车加燃料,其中,流体密度下限值小于在为具有完好隔热装置的内部容器加燃料时内部容器中流体的流体密度上限值。
所述任务还通过如下的用于为机动车的低温压力容器加燃料的方法来解决,该方法包括下述步骤:确定隔热装置的损坏,该隔热装置至少在部分区域上设置在低温压力容器的内部容器和外部容器之间;并且当在隔热装置损坏的情况下超过内部容器中流体的流体密度下限值时中断为机动车加燃料,其中,流体密度下限值小于在为具有完好隔热装置的内部容器加燃料时内部容器中流体的流体密度上限值。
在此公开的技术涉及一种机动车。该机动车包括一个或多个低温压力容器。低温压力容器例如是开头所描述的低温压力容器。这种压力容器尤其是适于在超临界范围中、即优选在约30K至约360K的设计或运行温度窗中、特别优选在约40K至约330K的温度窗中存储燃料、优选为氢。优选地,低温压力容器同时在约5巴至约1000巴的压力范围内、优选在约5巴至约700巴的压力范围内、并且特别优选在约20巴至约350巴的压力范围内存储燃料。低温压力容器尤其是适于在这样的温度下存储燃料,该温度显著低于机动车的运行温度(是指车辆运行应当所在的车辆环境温度范围)、例如低于机动车运行温度至少50开尔文、优选至少100开尔文或至少150开尔文(通常约为-40℃至约+85℃)。
低温压力容器还包括存储流体的内部容器以及包围内部容器的外部容器。内部容器尽可能隔热地保持在外部容器中。隔热装置V至少在部分区域上设置在内部容器和外部容器之间。术语“隔热”在此除了包括理想或完美隔离外也包括仍有少量热交换发生的热隔离。热交换可以是任意形式,如热传导、热辐射、热对流等。隔热装置V例如可构造为真空空间V。
此外,可在压力容器上设置至少一个用于监控隔热装置V的传感器。所述至少一个传感器可以是压力传感器,其监控真空空间V中的压力。传感器也可以是温度传感器,其监控内部容器的、隔热装置V 的或外部容器的温度并且可结合其它参数、如内部容器中的流体密度和/或内部容器压力来推断隔热装置V。但也可设置其它适合的监控传感器或者说监控装置。
机动车还包括一个或多个控制装置。至少一个控制装置构造用于当在隔热装置V损坏的情况下超过内部容器中流体的流体密度下限值 DUB时中断为机动车加燃料。
内部容器中的流体密度D是内部容器中的流体质量除以内部容器体积的商。内部容器中流体的流体密度下限值DUB是在为具有损坏的隔热装置的压力容器加燃料时应加以考虑的极限值。流体密度下限值 DUB表示内部容器基于损坏的隔热装置而允许最大(并且尤其是低温) 加燃料至什么流体密度。
可这样选择流体密度下限值DUB,使得在加燃料后即使当车辆和/ 或压力箱在温度窗上边缘的温度下(例如在环境温度下)运行(或在停车状态中)时在内部容器中也不会基于流体热膨胀产生高于最大运行压力的容器内部压力。
在一种有利方案中,流体密度下限值DUB随着隔热装置V的损坏而改变。当例如存在隔热装置V的较小损坏时,控制装置在相比于隔热装置V存在较大损坏的情况较高的流体密度下限值DUB时中断为机动车加燃料。
流体密度下限值DUB小于流体密度上限值DOB。流体密度上限值 DOB是在为具有完好隔热装置V的内部容器低温加燃料时内部容器中流体的极限值。流体密度上限值DOB例如可以是这样的流体密度,其出现如下情况,即,以处于温度窗下部范围中的或低于其(例如约30K 至约50K)的流体温度为内部压力容器低温加燃料直至在内部压力容器中产生内部压力容器的最大运行压力。
完好的隔热装置V具有用于正常运行的原始或者说功能正常的隔热效果。在此,这样设计完好的隔热装置V,使得逐渐渗透到内部容器中的热量可使内部容器中的温度和内部压力缓慢上升。由于缓慢上升,BMS具有足够的时间来转化燃料。由于BMS可完全转化燃料,因此机械安全阀(SVT)及破裂片在正常运行中不向环境中排放燃料。通过BMS转化的氢量在此相对少。容器中的内部压力也不提高超过内部容器的最大运行压力。由此,这样设计BMS,使得其可在正常运行中始终能够转化足够的燃料,以避免由于热渗透产生的压力升高而超过最大运行压力。为此,BMS设有一定的安全余量。换言之,BMS 可转化比实际在具有完好隔热装置V的正常运行中可能出现的燃料更多的燃料。由此也可补偿少量退化。
然而,有故障或损坏的隔热装置V无法提供其功能正常的隔热,该隔热对于低温压力容器在燃料不通过安全阀排出的情况下在设计温度窗中并且在设计压力范围中的正常运行是必要的。损坏的隔热装置 V的隔热以这样的程度受损或以这样的程度退化,使得BMS不能再在正常运行中充分转化燃料。为了避免通过热渗透产生超过最大运行压力的压力升高,必须通过安全阀排出燃料。
例如当退化的隔热特性小于完好隔热装置隔热特性的约50%、优选小于约75%并且特别优选小于90%时,存在损坏的隔热装置V。
至少一个控制装置可与所述至少一个传感器连接。此外,至少一个控制装置可构造用于由所述至少一个传感器或监控装置的信号确定隔热装置V的状态。术语“控制装置”在此包括用于控制和/或调节在此公开的组件的装置,本文仅简化地使用术语“控制装置”。
机动车可包括加燃料阀,该加燃料阀构造用于例如当超过内部容器中流体的流体密度下限值DUB时中断向内部容器中的流体输入。替代或附加地,机动车可包括通信接口,其适于向加燃料装置传送加燃料中断信号和/或加燃料限制信号。例如机动车可直接和/或间距测量内部容器中的流体密度。流体密度可在内部容器体积不变的情况下通过内部容器中压力/温度组合测量来确定。当确定超过内部容器中流体的流体密度下限值DUB时,控制装置可触发加燃料阀的动作,从而阀关闭并且中断或者说限制向内部容器中的流体输入。替代或附加地,控制装置可向加燃料装置发送中断信号,加燃料装置随后本身关闭阀。
在此公开的技术还包括一种用于为机动车低温压力容器加燃料的方法。该方法包括下述步骤:
-确定隔热装置V的损坏,该隔热装置至少在部分区域上设置在低温压力容器的内部容器和外部容器之间;并且
-当在隔热装置V损坏的情况下超过内部容器中流体的流体密度下限值DUB时中断为机动车加燃料,其中,流体密度下限值DUB小于在为具有完好隔热装置V的内部容器加燃料时内部容器中流体的流体密度上限值DOB
该方法的特征还在于,这样选择流体密度下限值DUB,使得内部容器可在不隔热状态中存储被低温填充到容器中的流体并且最大允许的内部容器压力Pmax不被超过。换言之,这样选择流体密度下限值 DUB,使得内部容器可在整个温度窗上存储低温填充的流体量并且最大允许的内部容器压力Pmax不被超过。
附图说明
现在借助图1和2详细说明在此公开的技术。附图如下:
图1为低温压力容器100的原理结构;和
图2示出在不同内部容器压力下内部容器110中的流体密度D与温度的关系。
具体实施方式
图1所示低温压力容器100在其两个端部上安装于车辆车身50 上。外部容器120相对于环境限定低温压力容器100。低温压力容器可能的附加组件(如热交换器)在该简化视图中略去。内部容器110 与外部容器120间隔开地设置在外部容器120中。这里所示的内部容器110包括其两个端部上的突起。在内部容器110和外部容器120之间设有在很大程度上抽真空或者说超隔离的空间V。内部容器110在其突起上通过悬挂装置与外部容器120连接。在内部容器110的一个端部上供应管路300与内部容器110连接。通过供应管路300为内部容器110加燃料。传感器130可测量真空空间V的压力和/或温度。
在供应管路300的另一端部上设有接口150。该接口或者说注入管接头150构造用于与加燃料装置的对应接口200耦合。
此外,在此在接口150中设有通信接口160,该通信接口可与接口200中的相应通信接口210连接。通过所述通信接口160/210可向加燃料装置200传送加燃料中断信号和/或加燃料限制信号。除了该方案外,也可想到基于无线电的通信(接口)(如WiFi、WLAN、NFC 等),其并非必须安装在接口200中。
加燃料阀180在此构造用于中断流体流、在此为氢流。加燃料阀 180可设置在供应管路300的任何位置上。
控制装置140构造用于控制低温压力容器的加燃料和运行。
图2示出在不同内部容器压力下内部容器110中的流体密度D与温度的关系。当为具有完好隔热装置V的低温压力容器100低温加燃料时,氢被填充到内部容器110中直至流体密度上限值DOB。例如设计用于约250至约350巴最大容器内部压力(也称为最大允许内部容器压力Pmax或设计压力)的内部容器110可在约40K温度TKB下被低温加燃料至约80克/升的流体密度上限值DOB(图2中的点P'KB)。当具有完好隔热装置V的内部容器110中的流体被加热时,相对少量的氢可通过BMS转化。BMS设计用于这种氢量。因此,氢通过BMS 转化且不产生危险的混合物。
如果所述低温压力容器100现在具有损坏的隔热装置V,则压力容器100必须相对快速地减少氢量,以使内部容器110不因膨胀的氢气而毁坏。因此,在图2中必须从P'KB起始终排出如此多的氢气,使得内部容器110在任何温度T上都不具有高于约250至350巴设计压力的压力。压力容器100的内部容器110在加热状态中、例如在环境温度下可在内部容器110中存储约21克/升的密度(在图2中对于具有约350巴设计压力的油箱为点PUV)。因此,应排出的氢量为约60 克/升与容器内部体积的乘积。该氢量有可能无法在相对短的时间内通过BMS转化,从而氢必须通过安全阀或破裂片直接排放到环境中。因此,有可能在机动车周围环境中产生具有潜在危险的混合物。
如果现在确定隔热装置V损坏,则应避免加燃料至流体密度上限值DOB。但没有必要完全放弃加燃料。相反,可这样为内部容器110 低温加燃料,使得在低温注入的流体的加热状态中也不产生临界的内部容器压力。为此,在低温加燃料温度下将流体密度D限制为内部容器110中流体的流体密度下限值DUB,这样选择该流体密度下限值 DUB,使得内部容器110可在不隔热状态中存储流体并且最大允许的内部容器压力Pmax不被超过。对于具有约350巴最大允许内部容器压力 Pmax的内部容器110而言,在氢作为燃料时产生约21克/升的流体密度下限值DUB(图2中的点PKB)。如果允许为加热使用而加燃料,则车辆的续驶里程虽然减小但仍可继续安全地使用,且在此氢并未被无效率地消耗掉。当使用纤维增强的内部容器时、例如在内部容器周围具有编织和/或缠绕的纤维层,则续驶里程可达200km以上。因此,尽管具有损坏的隔热装置,仍可行驶较远的距离。驾驶员还可以自己将车辆送到服务商处并且不会滞留在半路上。
本发明的上述描述仅用于说明目的并且不用于限制本发明。在本发明的范围中可在不背离本发明范围及其技术等价物的情况下实现各种改进和改型。尽管说明书主要涉及氢作为燃料,但也包括其它燃料、如压缩天然气。上述数值仅仅是优选值。也可设置具有更高或更低设计压力的内部容器110。

Claims (6)

1.机动车,包括:
-低温压力容器(100),该低温压力容器具有存储流体的内部容器(110)、外部容器(120)和隔热装置(V),所述隔热装置至少在部分区域上设置在内部容器(110)和外部容器(120)之间;和
-控制装置(140),该控制装置(140)构造用于当在隔热装置(V)损坏的情况下超过内部容器(110)中流体的流体密度下限值(DUB)时,中断为机动车加燃料,其中,流体密度下限值(DUB)小于在为具有完好隔热装置(V)的内部容器(110)加燃料时内部容器(110)中流体的流体密度上限值(DOB),其中,选择流体密度下限值(DUB),使得内部容器(110)能在不隔热状态中存储流体并且最大允许内部容器压力(Pmax)不被超过。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机动车,还包括加燃料阀(180),该加燃料阀构造用于中断向内部容器(110)中的流体输入。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的机动车,还包括通信接口(160、210),该通信接口适于向加燃料装置(200)传送加燃料中断信号和/或加燃料限制信号。
4.用于为机动车的低温压力容器(100)加燃料的方法,包括下述步骤:
-确定隔热装置(V)的损坏,该隔热装置至少在部分区域上设置在低温压力容器(100)的内部容器(110)和外部容器(120)之间;并且
-当在隔热装置(V)损坏的情况下超过内部容器(110)中流体的流体密度下限值(DUB)时,中断为机动车加燃料,其中,流体密度下限值(DUB)小于在为具有完好隔热装置(V)的内部容器(110)加燃料时内部容器(110)中流体的流体密度上限值(DOB),其中,选择流体密度下限值(DUB),使得内部容器(110)能在不隔热状态中存储流体并且最大允许内部容器压力(Pmax)不被超过。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,在隔热装置(V)损坏的情况下,当达到流体密度下限值(DUB)时,加燃料阀(180)中断向内部容器(110)中的流体输入。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的方法,还包括通信接口(160、210),该通信接口适于向加燃料装置(200)传送加燃料中断信号和/或加燃料限制信号。
CN201580054841.3A 2014-12-19 2015-12-07 包括低温压力容器的机动车和用于为机动车低温压力容器加燃料的方法 Active CN106795997B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014226545.2A DE102014226545A1 (de) 2014-12-19 2014-12-19 Kraftfahrzeug mit einem kryogenen Druckbehälter und Verfahren zum Betanken eines kryogenen Druckbehälters eines Kraftfahrzeuges
DE102014226545.2 2014-12-19
PCT/EP2015/078812 WO2016096500A1 (de) 2014-12-19 2015-12-07 Kraftfahrzeug mit einem kryogenen druckbehälter und verfahren zum betanken eines kryogenen druckbehälters eines kraftfahrzeuges

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN106795997A CN106795997A (zh) 2017-05-31
CN106795997B true CN106795997B (zh) 2019-07-05

Family

ID=54848541

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201580054841.3A Active CN106795997B (zh) 2014-12-19 2015-12-07 包括低温压力容器的机动车和用于为机动车低温压力容器加燃料的方法

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US10655785B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN106795997B (zh)
DE (1) DE102014226545A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2016096500A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013220388A1 (de) * 2013-10-09 2015-04-09 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Sicherheitseinrichtung eines Druckgastanks insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeugs
DE102015206782A1 (de) 2015-04-15 2016-10-20 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Betanken eines kryogenen Druckbehälters eines Kraftfahrzeuges
DE102015206823A1 (de) 2015-04-15 2016-10-20 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Kraftfahrzeuges mit einem kryogenen Druckbehälter
DE102016216551A1 (de) * 2016-09-01 2018-03-01 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Bestimmen der Isolationsgüte eines Druckbehälters zum Speichern eines Brennstoffs, insbesondere von Wasserstoff, in einem Fahrzeug und Druckbehältersystem für ein Fahrzeug, umfassend einen Druckbehälter zum Speichern eines Brennstoffs, insbesondere von Wasserstoff
DE102017209352A1 (de) * 2017-06-01 2018-12-06 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Fortbewegungsmittel und Verfahren zur Verwendung einer Tankstelle zur Aufnahme gasförmiger Traktionsenergieträger
DE102019126878A1 (de) * 2019-10-07 2021-04-08 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Betankung eines Kraftfahrzeugs, Kraftfahrzeug, Tankstelle und computerlesbares Speichermedium

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004010937A1 (de) * 2004-03-05 2005-09-22 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Wechselkartusche für Flüssigwasserstoff
DE102008019594A1 (de) * 2008-04-18 2009-10-22 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Wärmeisolierter Behälter für kondensierte Gase
EP2162670A1 (en) * 2007-05-31 2010-03-17 Airbus Operations GmbH Device and method for storing hydrogen for an aircraft
WO2011061584A1 (en) * 2009-11-18 2011-05-26 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Gas filling system, gas filling method, and vehicle

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4263945A (en) * 1979-06-20 1981-04-28 Ness Bradford O Van Automatic fuel dispensing control system
EP1205704B1 (de) * 2000-11-08 2008-03-26 GreenField AG Verfahren zum Befüllen eines Fahrzeugtanks mit Gas
US6708502B1 (en) 2002-09-27 2004-03-23 The Regents Of The University Of California Lightweight cryogenic-compatible pressure vessels for vehicular fuel storage
JP5474436B2 (ja) 2009-07-30 2014-04-16 トヨタ自動車株式会社 ガス充填システム
US8522834B2 (en) 2009-10-19 2013-09-03 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Gas filling device, gas filling system, gas filling method and moving device
KR101388162B1 (ko) * 2009-11-16 2014-04-29 도요타 지도샤(주) 가스 충전 장치 및 가스 충전 방법
CN102714491B (zh) 2010-01-25 2015-02-18 株式会社村田制作所 电子模块及通信机
JP5261408B2 (ja) * 2010-01-25 2013-08-14 トヨタ自動車株式会社 燃料ガスステーション、燃料ガス充填システム、燃料ガス供給方法
JP5115565B2 (ja) * 2010-02-15 2013-01-09 トヨタ自動車株式会社 車両
DE102012204820A1 (de) * 2012-03-26 2013-09-26 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Fahrzeug-Tanksystem zur Speicherung eines Betriebsstoffes in tiefkaltem Zustand
DE102012218989A1 (de) * 2012-10-18 2014-06-12 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Anordnung eines Sensorsystems an einem vakuumisolierten Behältersystem, insbesondere an einem Kryotank
CN203099305U (zh) * 2012-12-27 2013-07-31 诸城市良丰容器设备有限公司 船用卧式液化天然气储罐

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004010937A1 (de) * 2004-03-05 2005-09-22 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Wechselkartusche für Flüssigwasserstoff
EP2162670A1 (en) * 2007-05-31 2010-03-17 Airbus Operations GmbH Device and method for storing hydrogen for an aircraft
DE102008019594A1 (de) * 2008-04-18 2009-10-22 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Wärmeisolierter Behälter für kondensierte Gase
WO2011061584A1 (en) * 2009-11-18 2011-05-26 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Gas filling system, gas filling method, and vehicle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102014226545A1 (de) 2016-06-23
CN106795997A (zh) 2017-05-31
WO2016096500A1 (de) 2016-06-23
US20170225939A1 (en) 2017-08-10
US10655785B2 (en) 2020-05-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN106795997B (zh) 包括低温压力容器的机动车和用于为机动车低温压力容器加燃料的方法
ES2456295T3 (es) Método de llenado de compresor y aparato
Zheng et al. Experimental and numerical study on temperature rise within a 70 MPa type III cylinder during fast refueling
CN103196035B (zh) 高压气体容器的热自我保护的无源关闭装置
Maus et al. Filling procedure for vehicles with compressed hydrogen tanks
US11940097B2 (en) Systems and methods for storing liquid hydrogen
US9903535B2 (en) Cryogenic liquid conditioning and delivery system
US20140076290A1 (en) Thermodynamic Pump for Cryogenic Fueled Devices
US11168841B2 (en) Service device for a pressure vessel system
JP2013228059A (ja) ガス充填システム及び車両
JP2010520977A (ja) 水素貯蔵容器の充填方法
JP5373637B2 (ja) 高圧ガス貯蔵タンクの応力補償
CN102460103A (zh) 一种多膜舱体的泄漏检测方法
EP3889489A1 (en) Hydrogen fueling system and method based on real-time communication information from chss for fuel cell
JP2014508261A (ja) 水素充填方法及びシステム
US20120317995A1 (en) Pump for conveying a cryogenic fluid
AU2016200671B1 (en) Method of operating a hydrogen dispensing unit
CN108700258B (zh) 用于冷却第一低温压力容器的方法和具有压力容器系统的机动车
CN105889748A (zh) 一种基于仲氢转化的液氢无损储存装置
JP2023550394A (ja) 実時間対応水素充填プロセスを実行する方法及びその装置
US20140216066A1 (en) Dynamic Ullage Control System for a Cryogenic Storage Tank
CA2886538C (en) Cryogenic tank assembly with a pump drive unit disposed within fluid storage vessel
CN203502166U (zh) 车用液化天然气瓶夹层真空度测试装置
Veenstra et al. On-board physical based 70 MPa hydrogen storage systems
KR20220067500A (ko) 실시간대응 수소충전 프로세스를 수행하는 방법 및 이를 위한 장치

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant