CN106794843B - 使机动车运行的方法和装置、机动车 - Google Patents

使机动车运行的方法和装置、机动车 Download PDF

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CN106794843B
CN106794843B CN201580048788.6A CN201580048788A CN106794843B CN 106794843 B CN106794843 B CN 106794843B CN 201580048788 A CN201580048788 A CN 201580048788A CN 106794843 B CN106794843 B CN 106794843B
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motor vehicle
driver
motor
reaction time
target
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CN106794843A (zh
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C.琼克
S.奥拉歇尔
E.赫兹豪泽
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B60L15/2045—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for optimising the use of energy
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于使机动车运行的方法，该机动车具有至少一个作为驱动装置的电机，包括下述步骤：‑基于是否能够通过滑行来以目标速度到达目标位置来研究当前的行驶状况；‑如果能够通过滑行到达目标位置，则为机动车的驾驶员显示一种提示；‑获取驾驶员从提示直至由该驾驶员进行滑行过程的反应时间；‑如果所述反应时间超过了一种能预先规定的临界值，则将电机作为发电机来操控，以便生成减速转矩。

Description

使机动车运行的方法和装置、机动车
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于使机动车运行的方法，所述机动车具有至少一个作为驱动装置的电机，在该方法中，如果驾驶员能够为了到达一可预先规定的目标位置而使机动车滑行，则机动车的驾驶员就被给予建议。
此外，本发明涉及一种相应的装置以及一种机动车。
背景技术
从背景技术已知的是下述系统：所述系统为了一种能量效率高的滑行（例如为了诸如速度限制、地点驶入或者弯道的滑行事件）而基于导航系统的数据为机动车的驾驶员提供一种提示：驾驶员何时能够开始滑行，就是说何时能够将他的脚从行驶踏板取下。为此，借助于导航系统，在虚拟的地图上获取所述机动车的当前位置，并且利用合适的算法来研究处于滑行事件中的位于前方的路段。如果探测到滑行事件，就借助于模型来预测机动车的运动。如果当前所预测的、在可能的滑行事件开始时的机动车速度与在所述滑行事件时的实际速度一致或者近乎一致，那么就为驾驶员例如在视觉上提供下述建议：松开行驶踏板。如果驾驶员没有立即这样作出反应，那么这导致的是，他在目标位置处具有过高的速度，并且必须进行附加的制动，以便实现在目标位置处的期望的目标速度。
发明内容
本发明通过一种用于使机动车运行的方法来对于现有技术进行改进，该机动车具有至少一个作为驱动装置的电机，所述方法包括下述步骤：
- 基于是否能够通过滑行来以目标速度到达目标位置来研究当前的行驶状况；
- 如果能够通过滑行到达所述目标位置，则为机动车的驾驶员显示一种提示；
- 获取驾驶员从所述提示直至由该驾驶员进行滑行过程的反应时间；
- 如果所述反应时间超过了一种能预先规定的临界值，则将所述电机作为发电机来操控，以便生成一种减速转矩。
根据本发明的方法具有下述优点：驾驶员在执行所述建议“把脚从行驶踏板移开”时具有较大的时间上的间隙空间。除此之外，通过简单的手段确保机动车在目标位置处具有期望的行驶速度。根据本发明的方法的特征在于下述步骤：首先基于是否根据当前的行驶状况能够通过滑行来以目标速度到达一种目标位置来研究当前的行驶状况。如果是这种情况，则为驾驶员显示一种提示。在这一方面，获取或者测量了驾驶员从显示所述提示直至进行滑行过程的反应时间。并且如果所获取的反应时间超过了可预先规定的临界值，则将电机作为发电机来控制，以便生成减速转矩。通过电机的发电机式的运行实现的是，即使当驾驶员延误地作出了反应，但是在驾驶员不是必须操纵机动车的制动系统的情况下，仍然在目标位置处遵守了所述目标速度。通过由电机来提供减速转矩另外实现的是，不使用机动车的现有的制动系统，并且为了在目标位置处达到目标速度，借此进行了磨损小并且尤其是能量效率高的机动车减速。
减速转矩优选如此调节，使得车辆在目标位置上具有目标速度。目标速度例如能够是指地点驶过所允许的最大速度，或者是指0km/h的速度——就是说车辆的停止，从而使得在这种情况下车辆滑行直至停止。
根据本发明有利的改型方案设置的是，为了获取反应时间而监视驾驶员的行驶踏板操纵。一但驾驶员将他的脚从行驶踏板上取下，或者不再操纵所述行驶踏板，则这被判定为驾驶员对提示的反应，从而使得从显示所述提示直至驾驶员不再操纵所述行驶踏板的时间点的时间被作为反应时间来进行获取。这描述了获取所述反应时间的、特别简单并且成本低廉的可能性。
另外，优选设置的是，所述减速转矩与机动车至目标位置的距离并且与当前的行驶速度相关地被进行调节。所述减速转矩因此直至到达目标位置这样被调节：使得在所述目标位置处出现所期望的目标速度。借此实现了，即使在未预测到的事件——例如路拱、顺风或者类似的事件——时，行驶速度也在目标位置处对应于目标速度。
另外，优选设置的是，与机动车的导航系统的数据相关地实施所述行驶状况的研究。借助于导航系统的数据，尤其是例如关于上坡、弯道或者路面状况对于位于前方的路段进行检查，以便能够特别准确地预测所述滑行过程。
附加地或者替代地优选设置的是，与机动车的环境传感器相关地实施行驶状况的研究。在这种情况下，例如摄像机传感器能够获取交通标志牌或者位于前方的路段区段，用于预测机动车的滑行行为，或者核实或辅助由导航系统的数据进行的预测。
本发明还通过一种用于使机动车运行的装置来对于现有技术进行改进，该机动车具有至少一个作为驱动装置的电机。所述用于使机动车运行的装置设置了一种控制装置，该控制装置在根据规定的使用时实施根据本发明的方法。
其它优点来自于之前的描述以及来自于随后的描述。
本发明还通过一种带有至少一个作为驱动装置的电机的机动车来对于现有技术进行改进。该机动车设置了一种控制装置，该控制装置在根据规定的使用时实施所述的方法。
附图说明
接下来本发明应当借助于附图进一步被阐述。在此，唯一的附图示出了：
在流程图中的、用于使机动车运行的方法。
具体实施方式
图1示出了一种流程图，借助于该流程图应当进一步阐述用于使机动车运行的有利的方法。如果机动车进入到运行中，则在步骤S1中开始所述方法。在紧随其后的步骤S2中，根据是否能够单独通过滑行来以目标速度到达目标位置来研究当前的行驶状态。为此，首先在步骤S3中获取导航系统的数据，以便获取可能的目标位置、尤其是在当前的行驶路段上的可能的接下来的目标位置。此外，借助于导航系统的数据来获取在所述目标位置处应当达到哪个目标行驶速度。因此，所述目标位置可以例如是指一种地点驶入，在该地点驶入处在法律上规定了一种降低的行驶速度。同样可以是指停车标志牌，在该停车标志牌处所述车辆应当停止。在步骤S2中的分析此外也与当前的行驶速度v相关地进行，该行驶速度在步骤S4中尤其是与行驶踏板位置或者与制动踏板位置一起被获取。于是优选的是，如果没有操纵所述制动踏板，则在步骤S2中获取，根据当前已知的数据是否能够从确定的开始位置和开始速度（该开始速度至少近似地对应于当前的行驶速度）通过车辆的滑行来以所述目标速度到达所述目标位置。如果这是这种情况，则在步骤S5中将这告知机动车的驾驶员。为此，尤其设置的是，将这在视觉上、听觉上和/或触觉上告知驾驶员。例如设置的是，通过显示装置为驾驶员提供可能的滑行事件的提示。也能够设置的是，设置主动的行驶踏板，它被与驾驶员的操纵力反向作用的背压提高，以便提示所述滑行事件。此外随着在步骤S5中的提示的显示，一种用于获取下述时间t的秒表开始运转：驾驶员需要该时间以便在步骤S6中对于所述提示作出反应。尤其是与行驶踏板操纵相关地来获取所述反应。为此，在步骤S7中监视所述行驶踏板操纵、尤其是行驶踏板位置。一但获知所述驾驶员不再操纵行驶踏板了，则停止秒表，并且在步骤S6中确定出驾驶员的反应时间。将获取到的反应时间与优选在一秒和两秒之间的预先规定的临界值进行比较。如果反应时间小于可预先给出的临界值，则机动车在步骤S8中滑行，只要驾驶员不再次操纵行驶踏板或者制动踏板。
然而，如果反应时间超过了所述可预先规定的临界值，则在步骤S9中将作为驱动器设置的、机动车的电机切换到发电机式的运行中。在此，为所述电机预先规定一减速转矩，与当前的行驶速度、至目标位置的距离以及目标速度相关地计算该减速转矩。尤其是，在此也针对为了到达目标位置所必须驶过的行驶路段而考虑导航系统的数据。在此，这样确定所述减速转矩：使得机动车在目标位置处达到目标速度。如果机动车的驾驶员没有立即遵从所述提示，并且取而代之地在较晚的时间点进行所述滑行过程，则激活尤其是以滑行控制器的形式的所述方法，以便借助于电机的减速转矩来控制所述滑行速度。
在此，连续地获取所述减速转矩，以便在目标位置处达到所期望的目标速度。即使驾驶员没有立即遵从建议或者提示，机动车由此尽管如此在目标位置处还是具有与目标速度相对应的行驶速度。因为对于机动车的这种减速不需要利用机械制动器进行制动干预，所以保证了机动车的无磨损的减速。此外，在电机的发电机式的运行期间，为机动车的电储能器进行了充电，从而使得减速能量得以被存储，并且在一较晚的时间点能够用于机动车的驱动。
所述机动车优选具有一种混合驱动装置，该混合驱动装置除了电机之外还具有内燃机，以及必要时一种作为驱动器的另外的电机。另外，所述机动车优选如通常的那样也具有传统的、尤其是液压的制动系统，用于在操纵制动踏板时产生制动转矩。

Claims (8)

1.用于使机动车运行的方法，该机动车具有至少一个作为驱动装置的电机，包括下述步骤：
- 基于是否能够通过滑行来以目标速度到达目标位置来研究当前的行驶状况；
- 如果能够通过滑行到达所述目标位置，则为机动车的驾驶员显示一种提示；
- 获取驾驶员从所述提示直至由该驾驶员进行滑行过程的反应时间；
- 如果所述反应时间超过了一种能预先规定的临界值，则将所述电机作为发电机来操控，以便生成一种减速转矩。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，这样调节所述减速转矩，使得所述机动车在所述目标位置处具有目标速度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，为了获取所述反应时间而监视驾驶员的行驶踏板操纵。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，与所述机动车至目标位置的距离并且与当前的行驶速度相关地调整所述减速转矩。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，与机动车的导航系统的数据相关地实施所述研究。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，与机动车的环境传感器相关地实施所述研究。
7.用于使机动车运行的装置，该机动车具有至少一个作为驱动装置的电机，其特征在于，设置了一种控制装置，该控制装置在根据规定的使用时实施根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法。
8.带有至少一个作为驱动装置的电机的机动车，其特征在于，设置了一种控制装置，该控制装置在根据规定的使用时实施根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法。
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