CN106767477A - Light-wall pipe multi axial strain measuring method under a kind of internal pressure axial composite-rotor load - Google Patents
Light-wall pipe multi axial strain measuring method under a kind of internal pressure axial composite-rotor load Download PDFInfo
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- CN106767477A CN106767477A CN201611047626.3A CN201611047626A CN106767477A CN 106767477 A CN106767477 A CN 106767477A CN 201611047626 A CN201611047626 A CN 201611047626A CN 106767477 A CN106767477 A CN 106767477A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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Abstract
Light-wall pipe multi axial strain measuring method under a kind of internal pressure axial composite-rotor load：Reference of the standard testing mark as image procossing is made in thin-walled pipe surface；It is displayed in real time by CCD camera during axial fatigue and internal pressure composite testing and is tested the image of standard testing mark on light-wall pipe；It is determined that the distance in mark axial direction and ring direction；The change of the distance between the distance between being identified using 2 axial strains between adjacent two farthest edges, and 2 hoop strain marks between adjacent two farthest edges, calculates strain measurement value, and variable value output to host computer is shown and storage；The data signal of axial direction and hoop strain strain measurement value is converted into analog signal output, for General Mechanics test equipment provides general-purpose interface.Test scope of the present invention can be adjusted flexibly, and dynamic response characteristic is good, be suitable for carrying out Real-time Collection with hoop strain with the axial direction of nonmetallic thin-wall circular tube to various metals, it can also be used to metal material, the high temperature low week of nonmetallic materials and high-cycle fatigue test.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of light-wall pipe multi axial strain measuring method.Under more particularly to a kind of internal pressure axial composite-rotor load
Light-wall pipe multi axial strain measuring method
Background technology
It is very necessary that light-wall pipe carries out mechanical property research in the field extensive use such as chemical industry, nuclear power, to it.However, right
There is larger difficulty in the deformation measurement of light-wall pipe.At present, generally using two uniaxial strain pieces or strain rosette to light-wall pipe
Axial deformation is measured with circumferential deformation.However, foil gauge measuring method has the disadvantage that：1) foil gauge certainty of measurement is received
It is formed on factors：Such as paste position, bonded adhesives quality, for bridge voltage stability, signal discharge circuit, particularly with thin-walled
When pipe is tested, it is difficult to ensure that measurement has repeatability；2) maximum deformation quantity of foil gauge is usually 2%, causes it cannot
It is applied to the large-deformation measuring of light-wall pipe；3) foil gauge in actual use complex steps, it is necessary to sample surface
Polished, polish after could paste, the performance of test sample can be influenceed to a certain extent；4) when light-wall pipe bears complex loops
When external force is acted on, foil gauge is susceptible to come off, and especially when thin-walled pipe diameter is smaller, foil gauge is easy to failure；5) strain
Piece is not suitable for high temperature test occasion.High temperature strain foil price is extremely expensive, and to bonded adhesives, sensitive grid, wire during use
Deng high requirement is proposed, cause that foil gauge is less to be applied in high temperature test.Therefore, development one is needed for light-wall pipe
New strain testing method is planted, solution foil gauge test repeatability is poor, measurement range is small, short using complex steps, service life
The problems such as, while the deformation measurement under hot environment can be met, so as to be established with fatigue behaviour to study the mechanical property of light-wall pipe
Determine experimental basis.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide thin-walled when one kind can solve the problem that internal pressure axial composite-rotor load is acted on
Light-wall pipe multi axial strain measuring method under the internal pressure axial composite-rotor load of the strain measurement of pipe.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is：Light-wall pipe multi axial strain measurement side under a kind of internal pressure axial composite-rotor load
Method, including：
1) reference of the standard testing mark as image procossing is made on the surface of light-wall pipe；
2) CCD camera and light source by being connected with computer are displayed in axial fatigue and internal pressure composite testing process in real time
In be tested light-wall pipe on standard testing mark image；
3) ruler tool processed in software I n-Sight by visual pattern measure standard testing identify axial direction and
On ring direction between distal-most edge pixel number, and then determine mark axial direction and ring direction distance；
4) using the distance between adjacent two farthest edges between 2 axial strain marks, and 2 hoop strain marks
The change of the distance between knowledge between adjacent two farthest edges, calculates strain measurement value, and software I n- is processed by visual pattern
ICP/IP protocol in Sight, and set starting and the end mark of communication character string, variable value output is shown to host computer and
Storage；
5) data signal of axial direction and hoop strain strain measurement value is converted into analog signal output, is that General Mechanics is surveyed
Examination equipment provides general-purpose interface.
Step 1) include：
(1) it is used for the priming paint mask plate of spray-applied primer in light-wall pipe face cap, at the priming paint spray painting of priming paint mask plate
Spray-coated white paint constitutes the background of standard testing mark, removes priming paint mask plate；
(2) after after white paint solidification, for spraying the mark mask plate axially identified with ring mark on cover at white paint；
(3) sprayed in 2 axial strains mark and 2 hoop strains mark of mark mask plate pitch-dark, remove mark
Mask plate, identifies after 2 axial strain marks after pitch-dark solidification, are respectively constituted with 2 hoop strains.
Step 2) including opening visual pattern treatment software I n-Sight, adjustment light source and CCD camera lens focus, setting
Exposure rate and collection image-region, make the standard testing tag slot on tested light-wall pipe and light-wall pipe clearly be presented on vision figure
As in treatment software I n-Sight images.
Step 3) include：The ruler tool provided using visual pattern treatment software I n-Sight, 2 axial directions of automatic identification
Strain mark and 2 whole edges of hoop strain mark, respectively with adjacent two nearest sides between 2 axial strains marks
Distance between intermarginal distance, and 2 hoop strain marks between adjacent two nearest edges is used as tested light-wall pipe phase
The length of Direction distortion, described length is answered to be set as the distance in standard testing mark axial direction and ring direction.
According to the quality and readability of actual test image, appropriate gray scale mutation threshold value, 2 axial strains are set
Adjacent two nearest edges exceed the door of setting between adjacent two nearest edges and 2 hoop strain marks between mark
The grey scale change of threshold value is then considered described nearest two edge.
Step 4) described in calculating strain measurement value, including：
(1) axial strain measured value is calculated in real time according to equation below：
L in formula0、L1Tested light-wall pipe is corresponded to respectively deforms the standard testing mark axial direction distance after preceding and deformation
Pixel value, εαIt is axial strain measured value；
(2) hoop strain measured value is calculated in real time according to equation below：
L ' in formula0、L’1The standard testing mark ring direction distance before tested light-wall pipe deforms and after deformation is corresponded to respectively
Pixel value, εθIt is hoop strain measured value.
For hoop strain measured value, it is necessary to assure between 2 hoop strain marks between adjacent two nearest edges
Initial absolute distance satisfaction is less thanWherein R is the initial radium of tested light-wall pipe, otherwise, the chi of adjustment mark mask plate
It is very little.
Light-wall pipe multi axial strain measuring method under a kind of internal pressure axial composite-rotor load of the invention, high temperature non-contact optical draws
Stretch meter simple structure, easy for installation, test scope can be adjusted flexibly, and dynamic response characteristic is good, be suitable for various metals with it is non-
The axial direction of metal thin-wall pipe carries out Real-time Collection with hoop strain, also expansible to be applied to various metal materials, non-metallic material
The high temperature low week of material and high-cycle fatigue test.Because final metering system is using contactless CCD sensor, test result
Truly, reliable, repeatable, testing cost is low, and extensometer has the advantages that long service life, convenient for installation and maintenance.Additionally, should
Varying signal is converted into analog signal, the controller realization strain closed-loop control for receiving analog signal is output to, with good
Compatibility.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is light-wall pipe multi axial strain measuring method test mode schematic diagram under internal pressure axial composite-rotor load of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is priming paint mask structure being schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is mark mask structure being schematic diagram in the present invention.
In figure
1：Priming paint mask plate 11：At priming paint spray painting
2：Mark mask plate 21：Axial strain is identified
22：Hoop strain mark 3：Tested light-wall pipe
4：Upper fixture 5：Lower clamp
Specific embodiment
Light-wall pipe multi axial strain under a kind of internal pressure axial composite-rotor load of the invention is surveyed with reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing
Amount method is described in detail.
Light-wall pipe multi axial strain measuring method under a kind of internal pressure axial composite-rotor load of the invention, comprises the following steps：
1) reference of the standard testing mark as image procossing is made on the surface of tested light-wall pipe；Including：
(1) the priming paint mask plate 1 for spray-applied primer as shown in Figure 2 in tested light-wall pipe face cap, covers in priming paint
11 spray-coated white paints constitute the background of standard testing mark at the priming paint spray painting of lamina membranacea 1, for strengthening tested thin-walled tube edges with the back of the body
The contrast of scape, then removes priming paint mask plate 1；
(2) after after white paint solidification, the mark for spraying axially mark and ring mark as shown in Figure 3 on cover at the white paint
Know mask plate 2；
In above-mentioned two step, if necessary to carry out experiment at high temperature, then spray painting need to use heat resistance paint.
(3) 2 axial strains in mark mask plate 2 identify and spray pitch-dark in 21 and 2 hoop strains mark 22, remove
Mark mask plate 2, identifies after 2 axial strain marks after pitch-dark solidification, are respectively constituted with 2 hoop strains.
2) CCD camera and light source by being connected with computer are displayed in axial fatigue and internal pressure composite testing process in real time
In be tested light-wall pipe on standard testing mark image；Including：
Visual pattern treatment software I n-Sight, adjustment light source and CCD camera lens focus are opened, exposure rate is set and is adopted
Collection image-region, makes the standard testing tag slot on tested light-wall pipe and light-wall pipe clearly be presented on visual pattern treatment software
In In-Sight images.
3) ruler tool processed in software I n-Sight by visual pattern measure standard testing identify axial direction and
On ring direction between distal-most edge pixel number, and then determine mark axial direction and ring direction distance；Including：
The ruler tool provided using visual pattern treatment software I n-Sight, 2 axial strain marks 21 of automatic identification
With the whole edges of 2 hoop strains mark 22, identified between 21 between adjacent two nearest edges with 2 axial strains respectively
Distance, and distance between 2 hoop strains mark 22 between adjacent two nearest edges is corresponding as tested light-wall pipe
The length of Direction distortion, described length is set as the distance in standard testing mark axial direction and ring direction.
According to the quality and readability of actual test image, appropriate gray scale mutation threshold value, 2 axial strains are set
Adjacent two nearest edges exceed setting between adjacent two nearest edges and 2 hoop strain marks 22 between mark 21
The grey scale change of threshold value be then considered described nearest two edge, can so avoid only with axially certain linear path
The caused error signal of gray scale mutation.
Gaussian filtering output and smoothing processing are carried out by test image, while being done to test result using numerical method
Further subdivision, can make measuring accuracy reach 0.1 pixel.If setting test about 200 pictures of preceding tag slot black gauge length correspondence
Plain length, then the precision of strain testing can reach 0.05% (0.1/200), meet material mechanical performance test requirement.
4) using the distance between adjacent two farthest edges between 2 axial strain marks 21, and 2 hoop strains
The change of the distance between mark 22 between adjacent two farthest edges, calculates strain measurement value, processes soft by visual pattern
ICP/IP protocol in part In-Sight, and starting and the end mark of communication character string are set, by variable value output to host computer
Display is with storage in case subsequent treatment；Wherein described calculating strain measurement value, including：
(1) axial strain measured value is calculated in real time according to equation below：
L in formula0、L1Tested light-wall pipe is corresponded to respectively deforms the standard testing mark axial direction distance after preceding and deformation
Pixel value, εαIt is axial strain measured value；
(2) hoop strain measured value is calculated in real time according to equation below：
L ' in formula0、L’1The standard testing mark ring direction distance before tested light-wall pipe deforms and after deformation is corresponded to respectively
Pixel value, εθIt is hoop strain measured value；For hoop strain measured value, it is necessary to assure between 2 hoop strain marks 22
Initial absolute distance satisfaction between adjacent two nearest edges is less thanWherein R is the initial radium of tested light-wall pipe, no
Then, the size of adjustment mark mask plate 2.
5) data signal of axial direction and hoop strain strain measurement value is converted into analog signal output, is that General Mechanics is surveyed
Examination equipment provides general-purpose interface.Because the strain input interface of current most of Material Testing Machine is that analog voltage or electric current are believed
Number, it is the applicability for further improving non-contact optical extensometer, above-mentioned two passages strain signal is turned using homemade modulus
Parallel operation is converted into positive and negative 5V (or 10V, can be configured according to testing machine controller form) outputs in real time.
In order in high temperature environments using non-contact optical extensometer, it is necessary to open transparent window on heating furnace, while stove
Body need to reserve light source and inject window, it is ensured that tested light-wall pipe identified areas have enough light sources, so as to effectively reduce during exposure
Between, improve the contrast at gauge length edge.If using intermediate frequency power supply mode of heating, non-contact optical extensometer then can be answered directly
With.
Light-wall pipe multi axial strain measuring method under a kind of internal pressure axial composite-rotor load of the invention, during concrete application, according to
The physical dimension design CCD camera framework support of machine grip holder is tested, framework should ensure that enough strength and stiffness, can fix
Also requirement can easily adjust the height of camera while CCD camera.Gauge length mark is posted in tested thin-walled pipe surface, face is adjusted
The angle and intensity of light source, while by lens focus in tested thin-walled pipe surface.Image to be adjusted to after clear, by axial direction and ring
To corresponding pixel value variable quantity is deformed by ICP/IP protocol with ACSII yards of form Sequential output, each test result is equal
Terminated with enter key.Using axial strain formula (1-1) and hoop strain computing formula (1-2), the result that CCD camera is obtained
It is converted into strain value in real time.In order to strengthen the applicability of non-contact optical extensometer, using 16,2 tunnel DA to axial strain and ring
Analog-to-digital conversion is carried out in real time to strain, the corresponding analog signal of both direction strain value is obtained.Extensometer is when using first time
Strain demarcation need to be carried out, so as to improve certainty of measurement.It is that the service life of extension device should in time close CCD after experiment is finished
Camera power supply and light source.
Claims (7)
1. light-wall pipe multi axial strain measuring method under a kind of internal pressure axial composite-rotor load, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) reference of the standard testing mark as image procossing is made on the surface of light-wall pipe；
2) CCD camera and light source by being connected with computer are displayed in quilt during axial fatigue and internal pressure composite testing in real time
Survey the image of standard testing mark on light-wall pipe；
3) ruler tool processed in software I n-Sight by visual pattern is measured standard testing and identifies axial direction and ring
On direction between distal-most edge pixel number, and then determine mark axial direction and ring direction distance；
4) using the distance between adjacent two farthest edges between 2 axial strains mark (21), and 2 hoop strain marks
The change of the distance between knowledge (22) between adjacent two farthest edges, calculates strain measurement value, processes soft by visual pattern
ICP/IP protocol in part In-Sight, and starting and the end mark of communication character string are set, by variable value output to host computer
Display and storage；
5) data signal of axial direction and hoop strain strain measurement value is converted into analog signal output, is that General Mechanics test sets
It is standby that general-purpose interface is provided.
2. light-wall pipe multi axial strain measuring method under internal pressure axial composite-rotor load according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Step 1) include：
(1) it is used for the priming paint mask plate (1) of spray-applied primer in light-wall pipe face cap, is painted in the priming paint of priming paint mask plate (1)
Place's spray-coated white paint constitutes the background of standard testing mark, removes priming paint mask plate (1)；
(2) after after white paint solidification, for spraying the mark mask plate (2) axially identified with ring mark on cover at white paint；
(3) being identified in 2 axial strains mark (21) of mark mask plate (2) and 2 hoop strains sprays pitch-dark on (22), take
Lower mark mask plate (2), identifies after 2 axial strain marks after pitch-dark solidification, are respectively constituted with 2 hoop strains.
3. light-wall pipe multi axial strain measuring method under internal pressure axial composite-rotor load according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Step 2) including opening visual pattern treatment software I n-Sight, adjustment light source and CCD camera lens focus, setting exposure rate and
Collection image-region, makes the standard testing tag slot on tested light-wall pipe and light-wall pipe clearly be presented on visual pattern treatment soft
In part In-Sight images.
4. light-wall pipe multi axial strain measuring method under internal pressure axial composite-rotor load according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Step 3) include：The ruler tool provided using visual pattern treatment software I n-Sight, 2 axial strain marks of automatic identification
(21) and 2 hoop strains mark (22) whole edges, identified adjacent nearest two between (21) with 2 axial strains respectively
Distance between distance between bar edge, and 2 hoop strains mark (22) between adjacent two nearest edges is used as tested
Light-wall pipe respective direction deformation length, described length be set as standard testing mark axial direction and ring direction away from
From.
5. light-wall pipe multi axial strain measuring method under internal pressure axial composite-rotor load according to claim 4, it is characterised in that
According to the quality and readability of actual test image, appropriate gray scale mutation threshold value is set, 2 axial strains identify (21)
Between between adjacent two nearest edges and 2 hoop strains mark (22) adjacent two nearest edges exceed the door of setting
The grey scale change of threshold value is then considered described nearest two edge.
6. light-wall pipe multi axial strain measuring method under internal pressure axial composite-rotor load according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Step 4) described in calculating strain measurement value, including：
(1) axial strain measured value is calculated in real time according to equation below：
L in formula0、L1The pixel that the standard testing before tested light-wall pipe deforms and after deformation identifies axial direction distance is corresponded to respectively
Value, εαIt is axial strain measured value；
(2) hoop strain measured value is calculated in real time according to equation below：
L ' in formula0、L’1The picture of the standard testing mark ring direction distance before tested light-wall pipe deforms and after deformation is corresponded to respectively
Element value, εθIt is hoop strain measured value.
7. light-wall pipe multi axial strain measuring method under internal pressure axial composite-rotor load according to claim 6, it is characterised in that
For hoop strain measured value, it is necessary to assure initial between adjacent two nearest edges between 2 hoop strains mark (22)
Absolute distance satisfaction is less thanWherein R is the initial radium of tested light-wall pipe, otherwise, the size of adjustment mark mask plate (2).
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| CN201611047626.3A CN106767477A (en) | 2016-11-23 | 2016-11-23 | Light-wall pipe multi axial strain measuring method under a kind of internal pressure axial composite-rotor load |
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| CN201611047626.3A CN106767477A (en) | 2016-11-23 | 2016-11-23 | Light-wall pipe multi axial strain measuring method under a kind of internal pressure axial composite-rotor load |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109579720A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-04-05 | 广州大学 | A kind of extensometer dynamic measurement method of Edge Distance measurement |
| CN112706954A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-27 | 上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司 | Method and device for testing low-temperature load performance of butt lock hook and butt lock hook |
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| CN112706954A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-27 | 上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司 | Method and device for testing low-temperature load performance of butt lock hook and butt lock hook |
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