CN106596256A - Apparatus suitable for measuring bending rigidity, elasticity modulus, shear modulus and bulk modulus - Google Patents
Apparatus suitable for measuring bending rigidity, elasticity modulus, shear modulus and bulk modulus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106596256A CN106596256A CN201611147159.1A CN201611147159A CN106596256A CN 106596256 A CN106596256 A CN 106596256A CN 201611147159 A CN201611147159 A CN 201611147159A CN 106596256 A CN106596256 A CN 106596256A
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- Prior art keywords
- plate glass
- optical plate
- modulus
- base
- strain gauge
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/08—Testing mechanical properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
- G01N2203/0037—Generation of the force using mechanical means involving a rotating movement, e.g. gearing, cam, eccentric, or centrifuge effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
Abstract
The invention discloses an apparatus suitable for measuring bending rigidity, elasticity modulus, shear modulus and bulk modulus; the apparatus comprises a base, a stress sensor is arranged in a cavity of the base, a probe of the stress sensor is higher than the upper surface of the cavity of the base, a plano-convex lens is arranged on the probe of the stress sensor, optical plate glass is arranged on the plano-convex lens, a convex surface of the plano-convex lens is in contact with the optical plate glass, an upper cover is arranged at the edge of the upper surface of the optical plate glass, the upper cover is connected to the base through fixing screws, and a gap is provided between the upper cover and the base. A signal wire of the stress sensor runs through a through hole of the base and connects with a measuring instrument, and the measuring instrument is used for displaying stress acquired by the stress sensor. The apparatus is simple in structure, and the problem that each existing characteristic quantity needs to be measured with a special measuring instrument is solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Application Optics equipment technical field, and in particular to a kind of measurable bending stiffness, elastic modelling quantity, cut
The device of shear modulu, bulk moduluses.
Background technology
The traditional measurement side of the bending stiffness of small sample optical plate glass, elastic modelling quantity, bulk moduluses and modulus of shearing
Method process is cumbersome, and error is larger, and measure the cycle is long, and in addition, every kind of different characteristic quantity is required for special measuring instrument
Device is measured, and causes a large amount of wastes of resource, and apparatus of the present invention can measure different mechanical quantities simultaneously, and device is simple, honest and clean
Valency, easy to operate, measurement error is little, it is adaptable to which the measurement of small sample optical plate glass, multiple measurement reproducibility are good.
This device employs Newton ring interference instrument principle, and original newton's ring device is transformed, and derives suitable
The theoretical formula of this measurement device, solves the problem above that traditional method measurement correspondence correlation mechanical measurement is present.
Newton's ring instrument is typically made up of the very big planoconvex lenss of one piece of radius of curvature and one piece of optical plate glass, using ripple
The sodium yellow light sources of long 589.3nm are measured, and impinge perpendicularly on Newton's ring instrument, produce after the reflected mirror reflection of sodium gold-tinted
Equal thickness interference ring striped, by the tightness for adjusting the screw on Newton's ring instrument, can adjust between optical plate glass body
Stress, its interference fringe can be changed therewith, be changed and optical plate glass according to its interference fringe that theoretical derivation is obtained
The theoretical formula of the mechanical quantities such as rigidity, so that it may measure the mechanical quantities such as the bending stiffness of corresponding optical plate glass.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of measurable bending stiffness, elastic modelling quantity, modulus of shearing, the dress of bulk moduluses
Put, solve the problems, such as that existing every kind of different characteristic quantity needs special measuring instrument measurement.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is, measurable bending stiffness, elastic modelling quantity, modulus of shearing, bulk moduluses
Device, including base, are placed with strain gauge in the groove of base, the probe of strain gauge is higher than the groove upper table of base
Face, is placed with planoconvex lenss on the probe of strain gauge, be placed with optical plate glass on planoconvex lenss, planoconvex lenss it is convex
Face is contacted with optical plate glass, is placed with lid in the top surface edge of optical plate glass, upper lid by fixed screw with
Base connects, and has space between upper lid and base；The holding wire of strain gauge is connected through the through hole on base with measuring instrument
Connect, measuring instrument is used to show the stress that strain gauge is collected.
The characteristics of of the invention, also resides in：
Strain gauge, optical plate glass, planoconvex lenss are coaxial.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：The present invention measurable bending stiffness, elastic modelling quantity, modulus of shearing, bulk moduluses
Device, simple structure, the sensor at base center can accurately measure the stress at Newton's ring center, overturn optics planoconvex lenss
With the position of optical plate glass, can be with the deformation of accurate measurement optical plate glass to be measured；Can be surveyed by the device of the present invention
Measure bending stiffness, elastic modelling quantity, bulk moduluses and the modulus of shearing of optical plate glass.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the operation principle flow chart of measuring instrument in apparatus of the present invention.
In figure, 1. sodium lamp, 2. reading microscope, 3. reflecting mirror, 4. screw, 5. on cover, 6. base, 7. stress sensing
Device, 8. through hole, 9. measuring instrument, 10. optical plate glass, 11. planoconvex lenss.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
The measurable bending stiffness of the present invention, elastic modelling quantity, modulus of shearing, the device of bulk moduluses, structure as shown in figure 1,
Including base 6, strain gauge 7 in the groove of base 6, is placed with, the probe of strain gauge 7 is higher than the groove upper table of base 6
Face, is placed with planoconvex lenss 11, optical plate glass 10, plano-convex is placed with planoconvex lenss 11 on the probe of strain gauge 7
The convex surface of lens 11 is contacted with optical plate glass 10, and lid 5, upper lid are placed with the top surface edge of optical plate glass 10
5 are connected with base 6 by fixed screw 4, have space between upper lid 5 and base 6；The holding wire of strain gauge 7 passes through base 6
On through hole 8 be connected with measuring instrument 9, measuring instrument 9 is used to show stress that strain gauge 7 is collected.
Strain gauge 7, optical plate glass 10, planoconvex lenss 11 are coaxial.
Apparatus of the present invention are by the location swap of existing planoconvex lenss 11 and optical plate glass 10.
Planoconvex lenss 11 known to curvature criteria value constitute improved Newton's ring with optical plate glass to be measured 10.
Strain gauge 7 is with the operation principle of measuring instrument 9 as shown in Fig. 2 sensor 7 is corresponding by stress output
The size of voltage signal, stress and magnitude of voltage is linear, 7 model HT-7303M3 of sensor, rated power supply Power Supplies Condition
Under, voltage signal is less than 10 millivolts, for convenience Single-chip Controlling analog digital conversion, first by 7 output signal of sensor through becoming
Send device suitably to amplify faint small-signal, then analogue signal is changed using single-chip microcomputer (MSP430) control analog digital conversion
For digital signal, transformation result is shown finally by LCDs (1602 liquid crystal display).
Apparatus of the present invention measure the principle of each mechanical quantity：Optical plate glass to be measured is assembled into into improvement Newton's ring dress
In putting, apply stress to change optical plate glass amount of deflection by screw, stress is measured by strain gauge, by measuring cattle
The ring interference image that pauses measures optical plate glass amount of deflection, the bending stiffness, bullet further according to theoretical formula method optical plate glass
Property modulus, bulk moduluses and modulus of shearing.
Specifically implement according to following steps：
Step 1：Applied by screw 4 and be stressed in optical plate glass 10, and strain gauge is shown by measuring instrument 9
The stress of 7 measurements, records the size of stress；
Step 2：Stress in holding step 1 is constant, sends sodium light using sodium lamp 1, and the reflected mirror 3 of sodium light hangs down after reflecting
Directly incide on planoconvex lenss 11, the two beam reflected lights that the upper and lower surface of Jing planoconvex lenss 11 is produced are coherent lights, and two beam is anti-
Penetrate the interference of light and form Newton's ring image, the Newton ring interference picture centre black speck under the stress is read by reading microscope 2
Diameter Q, then calculates the radius r of black speck；
Step 3：The value of stress, repeat step 1 and step 2 are changed by screw, the difference of optical plate glass 10 is obtained
The diameter Q and radius r of the Newton ring interference picture centre black speck in the case of stress and correspondence difference stress；
Step 4：The data measured using step 3, according to theoretical model and the theoretical formula of derivation, obtain small sample to be measured
The bending stiffness of optical plate glass, elastic modelling quantity, bulk moduluses and modulus of shearing value.
The concrete calculating process of bending stiffness, elastic modelling quantity, bulk moduluses and modulus of shearing is：
By screw to optical plate glass is by stepwise stress and records the size of different stress, at the same time by micro-
The diameter of mirror records center black speck simultaneously calculates black speck radius r.By between Newton's Ring planoconvex lenss and optical plate glass away from
From formula (1) be obtained away from black speck corresponding to optical plate glass vertical dimension transform.
Wherein, standard curvature radiuses of the R for optics planoconvex lenss, radiuses of the r for Newton ring interference picture centre black speck, d
For the distance between the optical plate glass at radius r and optics planoconvex lenss.
Lateral Thin plate under small deflection theory is assumed plus three in Elasticity：
First, deform each point of the anteposition on normal vector of middle surface, be still located at after deformation on the same normal of elastic surface, and method
Distance on line between each point is constant.
Second, compared with other pressure components, it is believed that z-axis pressure component can be ignored (see Yang Yao universe works《Flat board is managed
By》).
3rd, without flexible or shearing deformation in middle face.
On the basis of assuming at this 3, with reference to equilibrium equation：
Geometric equation：
Physical equation：
The deflection surface differential equation of small deflection flat board under lateral load can be obtained using three equation group above：
In the equation above, the middle cardiac stress of σ optical plate glass, ε is normal strain, and γ is shearing strain, and μ is flat for optics
The Poisson's ratio of glass sheet, E are elastic modelling quantity, and G is modulus of shearing, and D is the bending stiffness of optical plate glass,Referred to as Laplace operator.
Measurement apparatus of the present invention are simple supported edge, the lower small deflection plectane of concentration power effect, as optics is put down
The profile feature of glass sheet is especially suitable for polar coordinate system and is calculated, and can be drawn by stress and Deformation Features, the invention belongs to
The axisymmetric bending situation of circular sheet in flat-plate theory.Therefore can be become and turn to polar form, polar coordinate are sat with right angle
Target relation is
X=r cos θ, y=r sin θs
The fundamental differential for substituting into small deflection flat board can be obtained：
Due to the present invention optical plate glass either load or boundary condition be all it is symmetrical to the center of circle, therefore ω with
θ is unrelated, therefore fundamental differential can be turned to：
Above formula integration can be obtained into the general solution of equation：
For the particular solution of equation.
It is steady state value according to optical plate glass center stressed, and the deformation for occurring is finite value, and in optical flat
On the basis of glass periphery simple boundary condition, it is deduced based on small deflection flat-plate theory formula：
Wherein, middle cardiac stresses of the σ for optical plate glass, bending stiffnesses of the D for optical plate glass, μ is optical flat
The Poisson's ratio of glass, radiuses of a for optical plate glass, radiuses of the r for Newton ring interference striped black speck, ω are at radius r
Amount of deflection.
The bending stiffness of optical plate glass can be derived by small deflection flat-plate theory formula
D in formula (1) represents the distance change at black speck radius r with the ω in formula (9).
Therefore
Therefore bending stiffness D of optical plate glass can be obtained：
Again because there is following relation between the bending stiffness of optical plate glass and elastic modelling quantity
Wherein, thickness of the h for optical plate glass, thickness used by the present invention are 5mm, and E is elastic modelling quantity, and μ is that optics is put down
The Poisson's ratio of glass sheet.
So obtaining elastic modulus E：
Therefore the elastic modulus E formula for finally pushing away is：
There is following relation between elastic modulus E and shear modulus G：
So finally push away shear modulus G is：
There is following relation between bulk moduluses K and elastic modelling quantity modulus E：
So finally push away bulk moduluses K are：
Table one is the measured result and Zhejiang optical instrument of the bending stiffness of the optical plate glass by this measurement device
The comparison of the nominal value that Manufacturing Co., Ltd provides, relative error are less than ± 3%.
One bending stiffness measurement result of table compares
Table two is the measured result and Zhejiang optical instrument of the elastic modelling quantity of the optical plate glass by this measurement device
The comparison of the nominal value that Manufacturing Co., Ltd provides.
Two elastic modelling quantity measurement result of table compares
Table three is the measured result and Zhejiang optical instrument of the modulus of shearing of the optical plate glass by this measurement device
The comparison of the nominal value that Manufacturing Co., Ltd provides.
Three modulus of shearing measurement result of table compares
Table four is the measured result and Zhejiang optical instrument of the bulk moduluses of the optical plate glass by this measurement device
The comparison of the nominal value that Manufacturing Co., Ltd provides.
Four bulk moduluses measurement result of table compares
The measurable bending stiffness of the present invention, elastic modelling quantity, modulus of shearing, the device of bulk moduluses, simple structure, in base
The sensor of the heart can accurately measure the stress at Newton's ring center, overturn the position of optics planoconvex lenss and optical plate glass
Put, can be with the deformation of accurate measurement optical plate glass to be measured；By the curved of the measurable optical plate glass of device of the present invention
Stiffness, elastic modelling quantity, bulk moduluses and modulus of shearing.
Claims (2)
1. the device of measurable bending stiffness, elastic modelling quantity, modulus of shearing, bulk moduluses, it is characterised in that including base (6),
Strain gauge (7) is placed with the groove of base (6), the probe of strain gauge (7) is higher than the groove upper table of base (6)
Face, is placed with planoconvex lenss (11) on the probe of strain gauge (7), planoconvex lenss are placed with optical plate glass on (11)
(10), the convex surface of planoconvex lenss (11) is contacted with optical plate glass (10), in the top surface edge of optical plate glass (10)
Lid (5) is placed with, upper lid (5) is connected with base (6) by fixed screw (4), has space between upper lid (5) and base (6)；
The holding wire of strain gauge (7) is connected through the through hole (8) on base (6) with measuring instrument (9), measuring instrument (9)
For showing stress that strain gauge (7) is collected.
2. measurable bending stiffness according to claim 1, elastic modelling quantity, modulus of shearing, the device of bulk moduluses, which is special
Levy and be, the strain gauge (7), the optical plate glass (10), the planoconvex lenss (11) are coaxial.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611147159.1A CN106596256A (en) | 2016-12-13 | 2016-12-13 | Apparatus suitable for measuring bending rigidity, elasticity modulus, shear modulus and bulk modulus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611147159.1A CN106596256A (en) | 2016-12-13 | 2016-12-13 | Apparatus suitable for measuring bending rigidity, elasticity modulus, shear modulus and bulk modulus |
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| CN106596256A true CN106596256A (en) | 2017-04-26 |
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| CN201611147159.1A Pending CN106596256A (en) | 2016-12-13 | 2016-12-13 | Apparatus suitable for measuring bending rigidity, elasticity modulus, shear modulus and bulk modulus |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107702980A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-02-16 | 昆明理工大学 | Modulus of elasticity, bending rigidity Multifunction composite experiment device |
| CN110018050A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-07-16 | 合肥联宝信息技术有限公司 | Method for obtaining the elasticity modulus of tabular component |
| CN110631911A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2019-12-31 | 西安财经大学 | Image processing-based method for rapidly measuring elastic modulus of optical flat glass |
| CN111272569A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-06-12 | 华北电力大学 | Experimental device for measuring Young modulus and shear modulus of metal based on combined deformation method |
| CN113740145A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-12-03 | 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 | Device and method for testing bulk modulus of elastomer material |
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| CN202230653U (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2012-05-23 | 湖南科技大学 | Newton's ring experimental apparatus for plane detection |
| CN205246966U (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-05-18 | 西安科技大学 | Newton rings image acquisition device |
| CN105865686A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-08-17 | 西安科技大学 | Newton ring stress measuring device |
| CN105953750A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-09-21 | 西安科技大学 | Method for measuring curvature radius of plano-convex lens based on stress correction |
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2016
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Patent Citations (5)
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| CN102128600A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2011-07-20 | 西安科技大学 | Method and device for measuring curvature radius of lens by use of laser |
| CN202230653U (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2012-05-23 | 湖南科技大学 | Newton's ring experimental apparatus for plane detection |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107702980A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-02-16 | 昆明理工大学 | Modulus of elasticity, bending rigidity Multifunction composite experiment device |
| CN110018050A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-07-16 | 合肥联宝信息技术有限公司 | Method for obtaining the elasticity modulus of tabular component |
| CN110018050B (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2021-07-30 | 合肥联宝信息技术有限公司 | Method for obtaining the modulus of elasticity of a plate-shaped component |
| CN110631911A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2019-12-31 | 西安财经大学 | Image processing-based method for rapidly measuring elastic modulus of optical flat glass |
| CN110631911B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2022-03-01 | 西安财经大学 | Image processing-based method for rapidly measuring elastic modulus of optical flat glass |
| CN111272569A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-06-12 | 华北电力大学 | Experimental device for measuring Young modulus and shear modulus of metal based on combined deformation method |
| CN113740145A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-12-03 | 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 | Device and method for testing bulk modulus of elastomer material |
| CN113740145B (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2023-05-05 | 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 | Device and method for testing bulk modulus of elastomer material |
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Application publication date: 20170426 |