CN110631911B - Image processing-based method for rapidly measuring elastic modulus of optical flat glass - Google Patents
Image processing-based method for rapidly measuring elastic modulus of optical flat glass Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly measuring the elastic modulus of optical flat glass based on image processing, wherein a camera is arranged at an eyepiece of a reading microscope and is connected with a computer, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the adjusting screw applies stress P to the plano-convex lens; keeping the stress unchanged, adjusting and adjusting the Newton ring measuring device to obtain a Newton ring interference image under the stress; calibrating standard Newton ring to obtain actual length value L corresponding to unit pixel of image0(ii) a Measuring the radius r of a central black spot of the Newton ring light interference image; adjusting different stress values to obtain Newton's ring interference images to obtain different stresses PiRadius r of central black spot of Newton's ring interference image under the conditioni(ii) a Calculating the elastic modulus E of the optical flat glass under different stress deformation conditionsiAnd the elastic modulus measurement value E of the optical flat glass is obtained. The invention solves the problem of complex measurement process of the elastic modulus of the optical flat glass in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent equipment, and relates to a method for quickly measuring the elastic modulus of optical flat glass based on image processing.
Background
The glass has wide application field, the mechanical parameters of the glass determine the application characteristics and the quality of the glass, the mechanical parameters of the glass mainly comprise elastic modulus, bending rigidity, Poisson ratio and the like, but the traditional measuring method of the mechanical parameters of the glass has a more complicated measuring process, can only measure large sample glass, can not measure small sample flat glass, needs to damage a glass sample and has poor repeatability. Taking elastic modulus measurement as an example, the common methods for measuring the elastic modulus of optical flat glass mainly include a statics test method, a dynamics test method, and the like. In the statics testing method, because glass is a brittle material, the hardness and the rigidity are not very high, the glass is easy to damage by bending and twisting, the repeatability of measurement is poor, the precision is not high, optical flat glass samples used in the aspects of laboratory research and the like are small samples, and the Poisson ratio of the optical flat glass with the small samples is more difficult to measure. The dynamic testing method has high requirements for measuring the frequency of the material, and generally, the precision required by experiments is difficult to achieve. And the measuring process based on the method is more complicated, and the application range is smaller.
The existing Newton ring stress measuring device (patent name: Newton ring stress measuring device, application number: 201610247746.1, publication number: CN105865686B, publication number: 2018-04-03) can accurately measure the stress applied when the glass body deforms due to the tightness of a screw, but image acquisition and image processing cannot be carried out.
Chinese patent application No. 201611146179.7, publication No. CN106769459B, publication No. 2019-07-30) is used for measuring the elastic modulus of small sample optical flat glass, the diameter Q of a black spot in a Newton's ring interference image center under the stress is read through a reading microscope manually, then the radius r of the black spot is calculated, the elastic modulus E is calculated, the measuring process is slow, manpower is consumed, and a mechanical model for measuring and calculating the elastic modulus E is complex.
The invention provides a method for rapidly measuring the elastic modulus of optical flat glass based on image processing based on the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for rapidly measuring the elastic modulus of optical flat glass based on image processing, which solves the problem of complex measurement process of the elastic modulus of the optical flat glass in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the method for quickly measuring the elastic modulus of the optical flat glass based on image processing is implemented by installing a camera at an eyepiece of a reading microscope of a Newton ring stress measuring device, wherein the camera is connected with a computer and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 6.1, obtaining different stresses P according to step 5iRadius r of central black spot of Newton's ring interference image under the conditioni(i-1, 2, …, n), the modulus of elasticity E of the optical flat glass under different stress deformations was calculatedi：
Wherein, PiFor measuring the resulting central stress exerted on the optical flat glass,. mu.is the Poisson's ratio of the optical flat glass, riThe radius of the black spot of the Newton's ring interference image is shown, and R is the standard curvature radius of the plano-convex lens;
step 6.2, the elastic modulus measured value E of the optical flat glass is as follows:
the present invention is also characterized in that,
the camera is connected with the computer through the USB interface end.
The step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 3.1, obtaining a standard Newton's ring image through a computer
Manufacturing a standard Newton ring, taking off the Newton ring apparatus in the step 2, placing the standard Newton ring at a position corresponding to the original Newton ring apparatus, repeating the step 2, and obtaining a standard Newton ring image through a computer;
step 3.2, measuring the black spot area of the standard Newton ring image
Performing image preprocessing, image enhancement processing, gray level conversion, binary image inversion, image reflection background removal and Hough circle detection on the standard Newton's ring image obtained in the step 3.1 to obtain the central black spot pixel area of the standard Newton's ring image;
step 3.3, calibrating the actual length value corresponding to the image unit pixel
The standard Newton's ring black spot radius is known as R0(mm), the radius of the image black spot pixel corresponding to the standard Newton ring black spot is r0(pixel), pixel area is S0(pixel2) Then S is0＝πr0 2Then get the standard Newton's ring pixel radius r0(pixel) and black spot image pixel area S0(pixel2) The corresponding relation is as follows:
the actual length value L corresponding to the image unit pixel0(mm/pixel) is:
the step 4 specifically comprises the following steps:
obtaining the pixel area S of the black spot of the Newton' S Ring interference image obtained in step 2 according to the method in step 3.21(pixel2) Calculating the pixel radius a of the black spot of the image1(pixel)，
The actual measurement value r (mm) of the black spot radius of the newton ring interference image is:
r＝L0a1 (4)。
the image preprocessing in the step 3.1 is to perform mean filtering and median filtering on the acquired Newton's ring interference image, and the image enhancement processing is to perform enhancement processing on the image subjected to the mean filtering and the median filtering by histogram equalization.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes the Newton ring stress measuring device and the computer image processing technology to measure the radius of the Newton ring black spot and measure the elastic modulus of the small sample optical flat glass, compared with the existing method for measuring the elastic modulus of the optical flat glass, the measuring method is simple and easy to implement, has wide application range and high measuring precision, does not damage glass materials, can be conveniently used for measuring the elastic modulus of the optical flat glass, realizes the rapid measurement of the elastic modulus of the small sample glass, and solves the problem that the elastic modulus of the small sample optical flat glass is difficult to measure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an improved Newton's Ring stress measurement device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the main algorithm for measuring the area of the Newton's ring light interference image and the center black spot pixel of the standard Newton's ring;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a standard Newton's ring made in the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a sodium light source, 2 is a reading microscope, 3 is a reflector, 4 is a screw, 5 is an upper cover, 6 is a base, 7 is a stress sensor, 8 is a through hole, 9 is a stress display, 10 is optical flat glass, 11 is a plano-convex lens, 12 is a camera, and 13 is a computer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
A method for rapidly measuring elastic modulus of optical flat glass based on image processing is disclosed, as shown in figure 1, a Newton's ring stress measuring device comprises a base 6, a stress sensor 7 is arranged in a groove of the base 6, a probe of the stress sensor 7 is higher than the upper surface of the groove of the base 6, the optical flat glass 10 is arranged on the probe of the stress sensor 7, a plano-convex lens 11 (the plano-convex lens 11 is a round sheet with a large curvature radius R) is arranged on the optical flat glass 10, the convex surface of the plano-convex lens 11 is contacted with the optical flat glass 10, the optical flat glass 10 is not contacted with any other component except the plano-convex lens 11 and the stress sensor 7, the optical flat glass 10 and the plano-convex lens 11 are coaxial, an upper cover 5 is arranged on the plane edge of the plano-convex lens 11, the upper cover 5 is connected with the base 6 through a screw 4, in the process of screwing the screw 4, the upper cover 5 cannot be contacted with the base 6, namely, a gap is formed between the upper cover 5 and the base 6; a signal wire of the stress sensor 7 penetrates through a through hole 8 on the base 6 to be connected with a stress display instrument 9, and the stress display instrument 9 is used for displaying the stress acquired by the stress sensor 7; a camera 12 is arranged at an eyepiece of a reading microscope 2 in the Newton's ring stress measuring device, and the camera 12 is connected with a computer 13 through a USB interface end;
the method is implemented according to the following steps, as shown in the flow of fig. 2:
step 3.1, obtaining a standard Newton's ring image through a computer
Manufacturing a standard Newton ring, as shown in FIG. 3, selecting a typical value of the black spot radius standard value as 0.75mm, taking off the Newton ring apparatus in the step 2, placing the standard Newton ring at a position corresponding to the original Newton ring apparatus, repeating the step 2, and obtaining a standard Newton ring image through a computer;
step 3.2, measuring the black spot area of the standard Newton ring image
Performing mean filtering and median filtering preprocessing on the standard Newton ring image obtained in the step 3.1, and performing enhancement processing, gray level conversion, binary image inversion, image reflection background removal and Hough circle detection on the image subjected to the median filtering and the median filtering by using histogram equalization to obtain the central black spot pixel area of the standard Newton ring image;
step 3.3, calibrating the actual length value corresponding to the image unit pixel
The standard Newton's ring black spot radius is known as R0(mm), the radius of the image black spot pixel corresponding to the standard Newton ring black spot is r0(pixel), pixel area is S0(pixel2) Then S is0＝πr0 2Then get the standard Newton's ring pixel radius r0(pixel) and black spot image pixel area S0(pixel2) The corresponding relation is as follows:
the actual length value L corresponding to the image unit pixel0(mm/pixel) is:
obtaining the pixel area S of the black spot of the Newton' S Ring interference image obtained in step 2 according to the method in step 3.21(pixel2) Calculating the pixel radius a of the black spot of the image1(pixel)，
Actual measurement value of black spot radius of Newton's ring interference imager(mm) is:
r＝L0a1 (4)；
step 6.1, obtaining different stresses P according to step 5iRadius r of central black spot of Newton's ring interference image under the conditioni(i-1, 2, …, n), the modulus of elasticity E of the optical flat glass under different stress deformations was calculatedi：
Wherein, PiFor measuring the resulting central stress exerted on the optical flat glass,. mu.is the Poisson's ratio of the optical flat glass, riThe radius of the black spot of the Newton's ring interference image is shown, and R is the standard curvature radius of the plano-convex lens;
step 6.2, the elastic modulus measured value E of the optical flat glass is as follows:
the principle of the invention is as follows: the method comprises the steps of utilizing the advantages of a computer image processing technology, taking a picture by using a camera 12 instead of human eyes, finely adjusting a Newton ring device under a camera monitoring interface to obtain an interference image with the best effect, transmitting the image acquired by the camera 12 to a computer 13, programming a Newton ring image acquisition and processing program, acquiring images of Newton rings under different stress conditions in real time at an eyepiece of a microscope through the camera, and providing a Newton ring center black spot radius measuring method based on Newton ring black spot identification and black spot area measurement through Newton ring black spot identification and black spot area measurement based on the principles of digital image filtering, enhancement, gray scale conversion, binarization, Hough circle detection and the like, so as to realize the automatic, rapid and accurate measurement of the center black spot radius of the Newton ring light interference image, and then utilizing the corresponding relation between the center black spot radius of the Newton ring interference image and the stress, the mechanical parameter-elastic modulus of the optical flat glass is rapidly measured.
The contact deformation of the plano-convex lens is changed by applying stress through a screw, the black spot radius of the Newton ring is obtained by processing the interference image of the Newton ring, and the elastic modulus of the optical flat glass is calculated according to a model of the contact between the spherical surface and the plane in a mechanical model.
The specific derivation process of the elastic modulus measured value E of the optical flat glass comprises the following steps:
obtaining a transformation formula of the vertical distance deformation of the optical flat glass corresponding to the black spot according to the formula (7);
wherein R is the standard curvature radius of the optical plano-convex lens, R is the radius of a central black spot of the Newton's ring interference image, and d is the deformation distance between the optical flat glass at the radius R and the optical plano-convex lens;
according to the mechanics theory, the contact deformation under the action of normal positive pressure is equal to the relative displacement of the contact points, numerically equal to:
wherein: e1,E2The elastic modulus of the object 1 and the object 2; v. of1，v2Is the poisson's ratio of object 1 and object 2; p is the force acting on the object 1 and the object 2; r1，R11Is the principal radius of curvature of the object 1 at the point of contact; r2，R22Is the principal radius of curvature of the object 2 at the point of contact.
From the contact models where the object 1 and the object 2 are a sphere and a plane, the contact deformation at the time of contact, i.e., the displacement equivalent to the relative contact point, can be found by the above equation (8):
the contact between the plano-convex lens and the optical flat glass in the newton ring structure can be regarded as a sphere-to-plane contact model, and d in formula (7) and f in formula (9) both represent the distance change at the black spot radius r;
therefore, the elastic modulus E of the optical sheet glass can be derived:
wherein P is the central stress applied on the optical flat glass, mu is the Poisson's ratio of the optical flat glass, R is the radius of the Newton's ring interference fringe black spot, and R is the standard curvature radius of the plano-convex lens;
table 1 shows the comparison of the values of the modulus of elasticity of the optical sheet glass according to the invention with the nominal values: take n as 10
TABLE 1 comparison of the results of the elastic modulus measurements
The data comparison shows that the elastic modulus value of the optical flat glass measured by the method has good goodness of fit with the nominal value data given by a manufacturer.
The nondestructive measurement method for rapidly measuring the elastic modulus of the optical flat glass is characterized in that the measurement process is simple and easy to implement, the application range is wide, the data measurement precision is higher, and the glass material is not damaged.
Claims (3)
1. The method for quickly measuring the elastic modulus of the optical flat glass based on image processing is characterized in that a camera (12) is installed at the eyepiece of a reading microscope (2) of a Newton ring stress measuring device, the Newton ring stress measuring device comprises a base (6), a stress sensor (7) is placed in a groove of the base (6), a probe of the stress sensor (7) is higher than the upper surface of the groove of the base (6), the optical flat glass (10) is placed on the probe of the stress sensor (7), a plano-convex lens (11) is placed on the optical flat glass (10), the convex surface of the plano-convex lens (11) is in contact with the optical flat glass (10), the optical flat glass (10) is not in contact with any other component except the plano-convex lens (11) and the stress sensor (7), the optical flat glass (10), The plano-convex lens (11) is coaxial, the upper cover (5) is placed on the plane edge of the plano-convex lens (11), the upper cover (5) is connected with the base (6) through the screw (4), and in the screwing process of the screw (4), the upper cover (5) cannot be in contact with the base (6), namely, a gap is formed between the upper cover (5) and the base (6); the signal line of stress sensor (7) passes through-hole (8) on base (6) and is connected with stress display appearance (9), and stress display appearance (9) are used for showing the stress that stress sensor (7) gathered camera (12) are connected with computer (13), specifically implement according to following step:
step 1, in an elastic range, adjusting a screw (4) to apply stress to a plano-convex lens (11), displaying a central stress P applied to an optical flat glass (10) and measured by a stress sensor (7) through a stress display instrument (9), and recording the size of the central stress P;
step 2, keeping the central stress in the step 1 unchanged, using a sodium light source (1) to emit sodium light, reflecting the sodium light by a 45-degree reflector (3) and then vertically emitting the sodium light to a plano-convex lens (11), acquiring a Newton's ring interference image under the stress at an eyepiece of a reading microscope (2) through a camera (12), and transmitting the image to a computer (13);
step 3, obtaining the actual length value L corresponding to the unit pixel of the image through the calibration of the standard Newton ring0(ii) a The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 3.1, obtaining a standard Newton's ring image through a computer
Manufacturing a standard Newton ring, taking off the Newton ring apparatus in the step 2, placing the standard Newton ring at a position corresponding to the original Newton ring apparatus, repeating the step 2, and obtaining a standard Newton ring image through a computer;
step 3.2, measuring the black spot area of the standard Newton ring image
Performing image preprocessing, image enhancement processing, gray level conversion, binary image inversion, image reflection background removal and Hough circle detection on the standard Newton's ring image obtained in the step 3.1 to obtain the central black spot pixel area of the standard Newton's ring image;
step 3.3, calibrating the actual length value corresponding to the image unit pixel
The standard Newton's ring black spot radius is known as R0(mm), the radius of the image black spot pixel corresponding to the standard Newton ring black spot is r0(pixel), pixel area is S0(pixel2) Then S is0＝πr0 2Then get the standard Newton's ring pixel radius r0(pixel) and black spot image pixel area S0(pixel2) The corresponding relation is as follows:
the actual length value L corresponding to the image unit pixel0(mm/pixel) is:
step 4, utilizing the actual length value L corresponding to the image unit pixel calculated in step 30Measuring the radius r of a central black spot of the Newton ring light interference image; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
obtaining the pixel area S of the black spot of the Newton' S Ring interference image obtained in step 2 according to the method in step 3.21(pixel2) Calculating the pixel radius a of the black spot of the image1(pixel)，
The actual measurement value r (mm) of the black spot radius of the newton ring interference image is:
r＝L0a1 (4)；
step 5, repeating the steps 1, 2 and 4 to obtain different stresses PiRadius r of central black spot of Newton's ring interference image under the conditioni(i＝1，2，…，n)；
Step 6, obtaining the elastic modulus E of the optical flat glass under different stress deformation conditions according to the data measured in the step 5i(i ═ 1, 2, …, n), and the elastic modulus measurement value E of the optical flat glass was obtained by taking the average value, specifically:
step 6.1, obtaining different stresses P according to step 5iRadius r of central black spot of Newton's ring interference image under the conditioni(i-1, 2, …, n), the modulus of elasticity E of the optical flat glass under different stress deformations was calculatedi：
Wherein, PiFor measuring the resulting central stress exerted on the optical flat glass,. mu.is the Poisson's ratio of the optical flat glass, riAs Newton's ring interferogramsThe radius of the image black spot, R is the standard curvature radius of the plano-convex lens;
step 6.2, the elastic modulus measured value E of the optical flat glass is as follows:
2. the method for rapidly measuring the elastic modulus of optical flat glass based on image processing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the camera (12) is connected with a computer through a USB interface.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the image preprocessing in step 3.1 is to perform mean filtering and median filtering on the collected newton ring interference image, and the image enhancement processing is to perform enhancement processing on the image after the mean filtering and median filtering by histogram equalization.
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