CN106596265B - A method of optical plate glass bulk modulus is measured using optical interferometry - Google Patents
A method of optical plate glass bulk modulus is measured using optical interferometry Download PDFInfo
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- CN106596265B CN106596265B CN201611148051.4A CN201611148051A CN106596265B CN 106596265 B CN106596265 B CN 106596265B CN 201611148051 A CN201611148051 A CN 201611148051A CN 106596265 B CN106596265 B CN 106596265B
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005305 interferometry Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 206010027146 Melanoderma Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001274658 Modulus modulus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005375 photometry Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0076—Hardness, compressibility or resistance to crushing
- G01N2203/0085—Compressibility
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
- G01N2203/0278—Thin specimens
- G01N2203/0282—Two dimensional, e.g. tapes, webs, sheets, strips, disks or membranes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods using optical interferometry measurement optical plate glass bulk modulus, it is specifically implemented according to the following steps: step 1: being applied by screw and be stressed in optical plate glass, and the stress of strain gauge measurement is shown by measuring instrument, record the size of stress；Step 2: keeping the stress in step 1 constant, the diameter Q of the Newton ring interference picture centre blackspot under the stress is read by reading microscope, then calculates the radius r of blackspot；Step 3: changing the value of stress by screw, repeat step 1 and step 2, obtain the diameter Q and radius r of Newton ring interference picture centre blackspot in the case of the different stress and corresponding different stress of optical plate glass；Step 4: the bulk modulus K of calculating optical plate glass.Measurement method of the present invention is simple, and measurement period shortens compared to tradition, and measurement application range expands, and without a large amount of material deterioration inside, measurement property is repeated, and can be used for measuring small sample optical plate glass.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Application Optics equipment technical fields, are related to a kind of utilization optical interferometry measurement optical plate glass body
The method of product module amount.
Background technique
Object is V0 in the pressure lower volume of p0.If pressure increases (P0 → P0+dP), volume reduces dV.Then there is K=
DP/ (- dV/V0), K are referred to as the bulk modulus of the object.Therefore, the method for traditional bulk modulus measurement is in this principle
On the basis of contrived experiment measure.This traditional measurement method is cumbersome, and process is complicated, inconvenient for operation and small sample
The problems such as measurement is difficult occurs.Generally the optical plate glass sample used in the place such as laboratory is small sample, above-mentioned
The measurement method scope of application is small.
And it can solve problem above with Newton's ring optical interferometry.Newton's ring instrument generally by one piece of radius of curvature it is very big to
Photometry plano-convex lens and one piece of optical plate glass are constituted, and are measured using the sodium yellow light sources of wavelength 589.3nm, sodium is yellow
Light impinges perpendicularly on Newton's ring instrument after reflecting mirror reflection, can generate equal thickness interference ring item on the surface of optics plano-convex lens
Line (including bright ring and Crape ring), changes the elastic of screw, and interference fringe can change therewith.The present invention is on the basis of this phenomenon
The transformation relation of upper further investigation Newton ring interference image and optical plate glass bulk modulus has obtained a kind of based on the interference of light
The measurement method of method measurement optical plate glass bulk modulus.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods using optical interferometry measurement optical plate glass bulk modulus, solve
Existing measurement method is difficult to measure the bulk modulus of compact sized optical plate glass and measurement method is complicated, periodically long
The problem of.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a kind of side using optical interferometry measurement optical plate glass bulk modulus
Method is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
Step 1: being applied by screw and be stressed in optical plate glass, and strain gauge measurement is shown by measuring instrument
Stress, record the size of stress；
Step 2: keeping the stress in step 1 constant, issue sodium light using sodium lamp, sodium light is vertical after reflecting mirror reflects
It is incident on plano-convex lens, the diameter Q of the Newton ring interference picture centre blackspot under the stress is read by reading microscope, so
The radius r of blackspot is calculated afterwards；
Step 3: changing the value of stress by screw, repeat step 1 and step 2, the difference for obtaining optical plate glass are answered
The diameter Q and radius r of Newton ring interference picture centre blackspot in the case of power and corresponding different stress；
Step 4: the data measured using step 3 obtain the bulk modulus K of optical plate glass:
Wherein, σ is the middle cardiac stress of optical plate glass, and K is the bulk modulus of optical plate glass, and μ is optical flat
The Poisson's ratio of glass, a are the radius of optical plate glass, and r is the radius of Newton ring interference striped blackspot, and R is plano-convex lens
Standard curvature radius, h are the thickness of optical plate glass.
The features of the present invention also characterized in that:
The specific structure of the measuring device of use includes pedestal, and strain gauge is placed in the groove of pedestal, and stress passes
The probe of sensor is higher than the groove upper surface of pedestal, is placed with plano-convex lens on the probe of strain gauge, puts on plano-convex lens
It is equipped with optical plate glass, the convex surface of plano-convex lens is contacted with optical plate glass, in the top surface edge of optical plate glass
It is placed with upper cover, upper cover is connect by fixed screw with pedestal, there is gap between upper cover and pedestal；The tool of the measuring device of use
Body structure includes pedestal, and strain gauge is placed in the groove of pedestal, and the probe of strain gauge is higher than on the groove of pedestal
Surface is placed with plano-convex lens on the probe of strain gauge, optical plate glass is placed on plano-convex lens, plano-convex lens
Convex surface is contacted with optical plate glass, and upper cover is placed in the top surface edge of optical plate glass, and upper cover passes through fixed screw
It is connect with pedestal, there is gap between upper cover and pedestal；
Strain gauge, optical plate glass, plano-convex lens are coaxial.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: a kind of side using optical interferometry measurement optical plate glass bulk modulus of the present invention
Method, it is simple and easy compared with the method for existing measurement optical plate glass bulk modulus, and measurement period is compared to tradition contracting
Short, measurement application range expands, and without a large amount of material deterioration inside, measurement property is repeated, and it is flat to can be used for measuring small sample optics
Glass sheet.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram for the measuring device that measurement method of the present invention uses；
Fig. 2 is the working principle flow chart of measuring instrument in the measuring device of measurement method use of the present invention.
In figure, 1. sodium lamps, 2. reading microscopes, 3. reflecting mirrors, 4. screws, 5. upper covers, 6. pedestals, 7. stress sensings
Device, 8. through-holes, 9. measuring instruments, 10. optical plate glass, 11. plano-convex lens.
Specific embodiment
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
A kind of method using optical interferometry measurement optical plate glass bulk modulus of the present invention, used measurement dress
It sets, structure is placed with strain gauge 7 as shown in Figure 1, including pedestal 6 in the groove of pedestal 6, the probe of strain gauge 7 is high
In the groove upper surface of pedestal 6, it is placed with plano-convex lens 11 on the probe of strain gauge 7, is placed with light on plano-convex lens 11
Plate glass 10 is learned, the convex surface of plano-convex lens 11 is contacted with optical plate glass 10, the top surface edge of optical plate glass 10
On be placed with upper cover 5, upper cover 5 is connect by fixed screw 4 with pedestal 6, has gap between upper cover 5 and pedestal 6；Strain gauge
The through-hole 8 that 7 signal wire passes through on pedestal 6 is connect with measuring instrument 9, and measuring instrument 9 is for showing that strain gauge 7 collects
Stress.
Strain gauge 7, optical plate glass 10, plano-convex lens 11 are coaxial.
By the position of existing plano-convex lens 11 and optical plate glass 10 in device used by measurement method of the present invention
It exchanges.
Plano-convex lens 11 known to curvature criteria value and optical plate glass 10 to be measured form improved Newton's ring.
Strain gauge 7 is with the working principle of measuring instrument 9 as shown in Fig. 2, sensor 7 is corresponding by stress output
The size of voltage signal, stress and voltage value is linear, 7 model HT-7303M3 of sensor, rated power supply Power Supplies Condition
Under, voltage signal controls analog-to-digital conversion less than 10 millivolts, in order to facilitate single-chip microcontroller, first by 7 output signal of sensor by becoming
It send device suitably to be amplified faint small signal, is then converted analog signal using single-chip microcontroller (MSP430) control analog-to-digital conversion
For digital signal, transformation result is shown finally by liquid crystal display (1602 liquid crystal display).
The principle that the present invention measures the method for bulk modulus is to be assembled into optical plate glass to be measured and improve Newton's ring dress
In setting, stress is applied by screw to change optical plate glass amount of deflection, stress is measured by strain gauge, by measuring ox
The ring interference image that pauses measures optical plate glass amount of deflection, further according to the rigidity of theoretical formula method optical plate glass, in this base
The value of bulk modulus is extrapolated on plinth.
It is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
Step 1: being applied by screw 4 and be stressed in optical plate glass 10, and strain gauge is shown by measuring instrument 9
The stress of 7 measurements, records the size of stress；
Step 2: keeping the stress in step 1 constant, issue sodium light using sodium lamp 1, sodium light hangs down after the reflection of reflecting mirror 3
It is directly incident on plano-convex lens 11, the two beam reflected lights that the upper and lower surface through plano-convex lens 11 generates are coherent lights, and two beam is anti-
It penetrates the interference of light and forms Newton's ring image, the Newton ring interference picture centre blackspot under the stress is read by reading microscope 2
Then diameter Q calculates the radius r of blackspot；
Step 3: changing the value of stress by screw, repeat step 1 and step 2, obtain the difference of optical plate glass 10
The diameter Q and radius r of Newton ring interference picture centre blackspot in the case of stress and corresponding different stress；
Step 4: the data measured using step 3, by the small deflection flat-plate theory formula and volume mould of optical plate glass
The bulk modulus K of optical plate glass 10 can be obtained in transformational relation between amount and other several mechanical quantities:
Wherein, σ is the middle cardiac stress of optical plate glass, and K is the bulk modulus of optical plate glass, and μ is optical flat
The Poisson's ratio of glass, a are the radius of optical plate glass, and r is the radius of Newton ring interference striped blackspot, and R is plano-convex lens
Standard curvature radius, h are the thickness of optical plate glass.
The specific calculating process of bulk modulus K are as follows:
By stepwise stress and the sizes of different stress is recorded to optical plate glass by screw, at the same time by micro-
The diameter of mirror records center blackspot simultaneously calculates blackspot radius r.By between Newton's Ring plano-convex lens and optical plate glass away from
From the transform of corresponded to optical plate glass vertical range at blackspot can be obtained in formula (1).
Wherein, R is the standard curvature radius of optics plano-convex lens, and r is the radius of Newton ring interference picture centre blackspot, d
For the optical plate glass and the distance between optics plano-convex lens at radius r.
Lateral Thin plate under small deflection theory is in Elasticity plus three hypothesis:
First, deformation anteposition is still located on the same normal of elastic surface after each point on normal vector of middle surface, deformation, and method
Distance on line between each point is constant.
Second, compared with other pressure components, it is believed that z-axis pressure component can be ignored (see " the plate reason of Yang Yaogan works
By ").
Third, without flexible or shearing deformation in middle face.
On the basis of this 3 hypothesis, in conjunction with equilibrium equation:
Geometric equation:
Physical equation:
The deflection surface differential equation of small deflection plate under lateral load can be found out using three equation groups above:
In the equation above, the middle cardiac stress of σ optical plate glass, ε are normal strain, and γ is shearing strain, and μ is flat for optics
The Poisson's ratio of glass sheet, E are elasticity modulus, and G is modulus of shearing, and D is the bending stiffness of optical plate glass,Referred to as Laplace operator.
Measuring device of the present invention is simple supported edge, the small deflection plectane under concentrated force effect, since optics is flat
The sShape features of glass sheet are very suitable to polar coordinate system and are calculated, by stress and Deformation Features it can be concluded that, the invention belongs to
The axisymmetric bending situation of circular sheet in flat-plate theory.Therefore it can be changed as polar form, polar coordinates and right angle seat
Target relationship is
X=r cos θ, y=r sin θ
The fundamental differential for substituting into small deflection plate can obtain:
Due to optical plate glass of the invention either load or boundary condition be all it is symmetrical to the center of circle, therefore ω with
θ is unrelated, therefore fundamental differential can turn to:
Above formula integral can be obtained to the general solution of equation:
For the particular solution of equation.
It is steady state value according to optical plate glass center stressed, and the deformation occurred is finite value, and in optical flat
On the basis of glass periphery simple boundary condition, it is deduced based on small deflection flat-plate theory formula:
Wherein, σ is the middle cardiac stress of optical plate glass, and D is the bending stiffness of optical plate glass, and μ is optical flat
The Poisson's ratio of glass, a are the radius of optical plate glass, and r is the radius of Newton ring interference striped blackspot, and ω is at radius r
Amount of deflection.
The bending stiffness of optical plate glass can be derived by small deflection flat-plate theory formula
The ω in d and formula (9) in formula (1) represents the distance change at blackspot radius r.
Therefore
Therefore it is available
Again because there are following relationships between the bending stiffness and elasticity modulus of small deflection optical plate glass
Wherein, h is the thickness of optical plate glass, and the present invention used with a thickness of 5mm, E is elasticity modulus, and μ is flat for optics
The Poisson's ratio of glass sheet.
There are following relationships between bulk modulus K and elasticity modulus modulus E:
So finally push away optical plate glass bulk modulus K are as follows:
Optical plate glass used is k9 model in the present invention, and the Poisson's ratio μ of optical plate glass is 0.209, thus may be used
Obtain the numerical value of optical plate glass bulk modulus.If following table one is that device of the present invention measures bulk modulus value and Zhejiang
The comparison for the bulk modulus nominal value that river optical instrument Manufacturing Co., Ltd provides:
Table one product module measurements compare
By above data comparison it is found that the survey of the method for the present invention very good solution small sample optical plate glass bulk modulus
Amount, method is simple, easily operated, bad to sample nondestructive, measurement can be repeated several times, and precision is high.
Device of the present invention uses the newton's ring device of designed, designed, changes plano-convex lens and optical flat glass
The position of glass still takes the sodium yellow light of traditional wavelength 589.3nm to measure, and proposes a kind of measurement optical plate glass body
The non-destructive measuring method of product module amount, measurement period shorten compared to tradition, and measurement application range expands, and consume without a large amount of material
Damage, measurement property repeat.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method using optical interferometry measurement optical plate glass bulk modulus, which is characterized in that specifically according to following
Step is implemented:
Step 1: being applied and be stressed in optical plate glass (10) by screw (4), and show stress sensing by measuring instrument (9)
The stress of device (7) measurement, records the size of stress；
Step 2: keeping the stress in step 1 constant, issue sodium light using sodium lamp (1), sodium light hangs down after reflecting mirror (3) are reflected
It is directly incident on plano-convex lens (11), reads the Newton ring interference picture centre blackspot under the stress by reading microscope (2)
Diameter Q, then calculate the radius r of blackspot；
Step 3: changing the value of stress by screw, repeat step 1 and step 2, the difference for obtaining optical plate glass (10) are answered
The diameter Q and radius r of Newton ring interference picture centre blackspot in the case of power and corresponding different stress；
Step 4: the data measured using step 3 obtain the bulk modulus K of optical plate glass (10):
Wherein, σ is the middle cardiac stress of optical plate glass, and K is the bulk modulus of optical plate glass, and μ is optical plate glass
Poisson's ratio, a be optical plate glass radius, r be Newton ring interference striped blackspot radius, R be plano-convex lens standard
Radius of curvature, h are the thickness of optical plate glass；
The specific structure for the measuring device that the measurement method uses includes pedestal (6), is placed with stress in the groove of pedestal (6)
Sensor (7), the probe of strain gauge (7) are higher than the groove upper surface of pedestal (6), put on the probe of strain gauge (7)
It is equipped with plano-convex lens (11), is placed on plano-convex lens (11) optical plate glass (10), the convex surface of plano-convex lens (11) and light
Plate glass (10) contact is learned, is placed with upper cover (5) in the top surface edge of optical plate glass (10), upper cover (5) passes through spiral shell
Silk (4) is connect with pedestal (6), has gap between upper cover (5) and pedestal (6)；
The through-hole (8) that the signal wire of strain gauge (7) passes through on pedestal (6) is connect with measuring instrument (9), measuring instrument (9)
For showing strain gauge (7) collected stress；
The strain gauge (7), the optical plate glass (10), the plano-convex lens (11) are coaxial.
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