CN106761759B - A kind of coal-mining method of open coal mine - Google Patents

A kind of coal-mining method of open coal mine Download PDF

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CN106761759B
CN106761759B CN201611236197.4A CN201611236197A CN106761759B CN 106761759 B CN106761759 B CN 106761759B CN 201611236197 A CN201611236197 A CN 201611236197A CN 106761759 B CN106761759 B CN 106761759B
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coal
slope
mining method
digging
top surface
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CN106761759A (en
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张亮
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China Shenhua Energy Co Ltd
Shenhua Zhungeer Energy Co Ltd
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China Shenhua Energy Co Ltd
Shenhua Zhungeer Energy Co Ltd
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C47/00Machines for obtaining or the removal of materials in open-pit mines

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of coal-mining methods of open coal mine.The coal-mining method includes: to dig ditch along the direction perpendicular to working pit edge in the top surface of the upper coal, forms first slope, the end of the first slope is located on the top surface of the middle coal;Since the end of the first slope, digging is carried out to upper coal along the direction for being parallel to the working pit edge;When the top surface of the middle coal has pick ditch condition, ditch is dug along the direction for being parallel to working pit edge in the top surface of the middle coal, forms the second slope, the end on second slope is located at the top surface of the lower coal;Digging is tracked since the end on second slope, while to the upper coal and middle coal.Using the coal-mining method of open coal mine provided by the embodiment of the present invention, all ramps can be once formed, it is small to dump workload, has saved manpower and material resources, and production efficiency is high.

Description

A kind of coal-mining method of open coal mine
Technical field
The present embodiments relate to strip coal mining technical fields, more particularly to a kind of coal-mining method of open coal mine.
Background technique
In the prior art, the mode that open coal mine generallys use and is parallel to working pit edge pick ditch, promotes in parallel is exploited, In recovery process, usually successively carry out.Specifically, the upper coal in stope is exploited first;It will after upper coal mining Transportation system moves and sets to initial position, exploits to the middle coal of stope;By move again set after the lower coal of stope is opened It adopts.
This traditional coal-mining method has the disadvantage that first, and this recovery process needs repeatedly shifting to set can be complete At having seriously affected coal mining efficiency;Second, when being exploited to upper coal, in order to not influence later middle coal and lower coal open It adopts, needs to be dumped outside stope, it is very big to dump workload, not only wasting manpower and material resources, but also production efficiency is very low;The Three, it using above-mentioned mining method, digs ditch and is formed by slope and be usually located above coal seam, to cause coal seam below slope not It can effectively exploit, need later period filling mining, affect mining progress, reduce production efficiency;4th, in view of opencast spy Point, while by the restriction for imposing soil progress, the operating area actually exploited will receive limitation, originally with regard to limited exploitation In region, if the coal seam below slope cannot effectively exploit, the influence for production efficiency and coal output be can not be ignored.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of coal-mining methods of open coal mine, it is intended in the presence of overcoming the prior art Defect.
For the coal-mining method of open coal mine provided by the present invention for the coal seam in Mining, the coal seam includes by upper Upper coal, middle coal and the lower coal being sequentially distributed under;The coal-mining method includes: a) in the top surface of the upper coal along perpendicular to work Ditch is dug in the direction of side, forms first slope, the end of the first slope is located on the top surface of the middle coal;B) from described first The end on slope starts, and carries out digging to upper coal along the direction for being parallel to the working pit edge;Top surface to the middle coal has pick When ditch condition, ditch is dug along the direction for being parallel to working pit edge in the top surface of the middle coal, forms the second slope, second slope End is located at the top surface of the lower coal;C) since the end on second slope, while the upper coal and middle coal are chased after Track digging.
The coal-mining method of open coal mine as described above, further, the coal-mining method further include: d) at the same time to described During upper coal and middle coal are tracked digging, when the top surface of the lower coal has pick ditch condition, on the top of the lower coal Face digs ditch and forms third slope, and the end on the third slope is located at the bottom surface of the lower coal;E) from the end on the third slope End starts, while being tracked digging to the upper coal, middle coal and lower coal.
The coal-mining method of open coal mine as described above, further, in step b), along the side for being parallel to the working pit edge To when carrying out digging to upper coal, the width of digging is greater than or equal to 160 meters.
The coal-mining method of open coal mine as described above, further, the step e) includes: from the end on the third slope End starts, and is tracked digging to the upper coal, middle coal and lower coal simultaneously by the way of dumping on the spot.
The coal-mining method of open coal mine as described above, further, the extending direction on the third slope and described second The angle of the extending direction on slope is acute angle, the folder of the extending direction of the extending direction and first slope on the third slope Angle is acute angle.
The coal-mining method of open coal mine as described above, further, the first slope is along the top surface edge of the upper coal Setting.
The coal-mining method of open coal mine as described above, further, the coal seam are arranged far from the side of the working pit edge There is refuse dump, is provided with intermediate axle between the coal seam and the refuse dump.
The coal-mining method of open coal mine as described above, further, the head end of the first slope and the intermediate axle it Between distance be 50-70 meters.
The coal-mining method of open coal mine as described above further digs ditch Shi Xianyong hydraulic hoe developing, to drawdown every time When reaching predetermined depth, digging is carried out with power shovel.
The coal-mining method of open coal mine as described above, further, the predetermined depth are 3-4 meters.
Using the coal-mining method of open coal mine provided by the embodiment of the present invention, has pick ditch item in middle coal or lower coal top surface When part, that is, it can proceed with pick ditch and form ramp, all ramps can dig ditch, primary formation respectively.This recovery process is not It needs to move to set and can once form all ramps, improve coal mining efficiency;Second, this mining method may be implemented on the spot The tracking digging dumped, it is small to dump workload, has saved manpower and material resources, production efficiency is very high;Third, using above-mentioned exploitation side Formula, for first slope because carrying out pick ditch perpendicular to working pit edge, the coal seam covered on the direction for be parallel to working pit edge is seldom, will not Mining progress is influenced, ensure that production efficiency;4th, the coal seam covered on the direction for be parallel to working pit edge by first slope Seldom, therefore this mining method can be implemented in the coal mining region of very little, not restricted by soil progress is imposed.
Detailed description of the invention
Preferred embodiment in attached drawing the present invention is described in detail will be passed through below, it will help understand the purpose of the present invention and excellent Point, in which:
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the coal-mining method of open coal mine described in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the stope schematic diagram exploited using the coal-mining method of open coal mine described in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the exploitation system that the stope in Fig. 2 is formed using the coal-mining method of open coal mine described in the embodiment of the present invention System schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to examples.The wherein identical appended drawing reference table of identical components Show.It should be noted that word "front", "rear" used in the following description, "left", "right", "up" and "down" refer to attached drawing In direction, word "inner" and "outside" refer respectively to the direction towards or away from geometric center of specific component.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the coal-mining method of open coal mine described in the embodiment of the present invention;Fig. 2 is using the embodiment of the present invention The stope schematic diagram that the coal-mining method of the open coal mine is exploited;Fig. 3 is that the stope in Fig. 2 uses the embodiment of the present invention The mining system schematic diagram that the coal-mining method of the open coal mine is formed.Wherein, mining system shown in Fig. 3 is shown in Fig. 2 Stope in implement, be clearly shown mining system in Fig. 3, the partial content marked in Fig. 2 be omitted.
In a particular embodiment, the north as shown in Fig. 2, direction pointed by direction signs shown in the upper right corner Fig. 2 is positive To the direction that triangle filled arrows are directed toward is stope direction of propulsion.The position of coal top plate is the position to working seam in Fig. 2, The coal seam includes the upper coal being sequentially distributed from top to bottom, middle coal and lower coal, and coal top plate is the top surface of upper coal.The coal seam is separate The side of the working pit edge is provided with refuse dump, is provided with intermediate axle between the coal seam and the refuse dump.Specifically, coal top It is followed successively by coal seam floor and internal dumping on the left of plate, coal seam floor has exploited the region finished, in internal dumping, that is, mining process Dump position.As shown in Fig. 2, be provided with intermediate axle between coal seam and internal dumping, the intermediate axle is to dump or transporting coal Channel.It is working pit edge on the right side of coal seam in figure, coal seam top is the North side in figure.
In conjunction with shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, coal seam of the coal-mining method provided by the present invention in Mining (is located at Coal ceiling location in Fig. 2).In one embodiment, the coal-mining method can be realized by following steps.
Step S1 digs ditch along the direction perpendicular to working pit edge in the top surface of the upper coal, forms first slope 11 (in Fig. 3 The ramp of absolute altitude 992 to 982), the end of the first slope 11 is located on the top surface of the middle coal.The first slope 11 can Using as dumping or the channel of transporting coal, the first slope 11 are opened in the upper coal, the top and bottom of coal in connection, or The bottom of person connection earth's surface and upper coal.In a specific embodiment, the head end of the first slope 11 and the intermediate axle it Between distance be 50-70 meters, preferably 60 meters.
Step S2 carries out upper coal along the direction for being parallel to the working pit edge since the end of the first slope 11 Digging;When carrying out digging to upper coal along the direction for being parallel to the working pit edge, the width of digging is greater than or equal to 160 meters, with Enough spaces are reserved, the pick ditch after guaranteeing is gone on smoothly.When the top surface of the middle coal has pick ditch condition, in described The top surface of coal forms the second slope 12 (ramp of absolute altitude 982 to 968 in Fig. 3) along the direction pick ditch for being parallel to working pit edge, described The end on the second slope 12 is located at the top surface of the lower coal.Wherein, the top surface of the middle coal have pick ditch condition it is to be understood that During carrying out digging to upper coal, the length that the top of middle coal is exposed can satisfy the feelings for opening up the demand on the second slope 12 Condition.Such as: the length that the top of coal is exposed in the middle is greater than the first slope 11 in the projected length at the top of the middle coal, It can think have pick ditch condition.
Step S3 is tracked digging since the end on second slope 12, while to the upper coal and middle coal.? In the step, during being tracked digging to the upper coal and middle coal, short distance digging first can be carried out to upper coal, then Digging is carried out to the middle coal of exposing, is further continued for carrying out digging to upper coal, digging successively is tracked to upper coal and middle coal.It is tracking During digging, dumps or transporting coal can be transported by the second slope 12 and first slope 11.
Optionally, on the basis of above-mentioned steps, the coal-mining method of the open coal mine can further include following Step.
Step S4, during being tracked digging to the upper coal and middle coal at the same time, the top surface to the lower coal has When standby pick ditch condition, in the top surface of the lower coal, pick ditch forms third slope 13 (ramp of absolute altitude 968 to 962 in Fig. 3), described The end on third slope 13 is located at the bottom surface (i.e. coal seam floor) of the lower coal.
Step S5 is tracked and adopts since the end on the third slope 13, while to the upper coal, middle coal and lower coal Pick.The tracking digging of the step with it is described above similar, which is not described herein again.It is chased after to the upper coal, middle coal and lower coal During track digging, it can dump and transport to realize by third slope 13, the second slope 12 and first slope 11.Pass through This design, since the end on the third slope 13, so that it may by the way of dumping on the spot simultaneously to the upper coal, in Coal and lower coal are tracked digging.
Optionally, to during the opening up of the first slope 11, the second slope 12 and third slope 13, when digging ditch every time It is first opened up with hydraulic hoe, when drawdown reaches predetermined depth, digging is carried out with power shovel, quickly to open working face.Preferably, The predetermined depth is 3-4 meters.
Using the coal-mining method of open coal mine provided by the embodiment of the present invention, has pick ditch item in middle coal or lower coal top surface When part, that is, it can proceed with pick ditch and form ramp, all ramps can dig ditch, primary formation respectively.This recovery process is not It needs to move to set and can once form all ramps, improve coal mining efficiency;Second, this mining method may be implemented on the spot The tracking digging dumped, it is small to dump workload, has saved manpower and material resources, production efficiency is very high;Third, using above-mentioned exploitation side Formula, first slope 11 is because carrying out pick ditch perpendicular to working pit edge, and the coal seam covered on the direction for be parallel to working pit edge is seldom, no It will affect mining progress, ensure that production efficiency;4th, it is covered on the direction for be parallel to working pit edge because of first slope 11 Coal seam is seldom, therefore this mining method can be implemented in the coal mining region of very little, is not restricted by soil progress is imposed.
In one alternate embodiment, the extending direction of the extending direction on the third slope 13 and second slope 12 Angle be acute angle, the angle of the extending direction of the extending direction on the third slope 13 and the first slope 11 is acute angle. In specific scheme, the third slope 13 is not limited to perpendicular or parallel to the direction of working pit edge, can be according to coal seam point Cloth opens up nearby, can open up as long as can dig ditch on the top surface of lower coal and form ramp, this design is adapted to different coals Layer distribution situation, adaptive surface is wider, and convenient to carry out.
In an alternative embodiment, the first slope 11 is arranged along the top surface edge of the upper coal.It is set this In meter, the first slope 11 only covers the edge in coal seam, and occupancy is very small, very square arranging back production in the later period Just.
As shown in Figure 1-3, initial ditch position of digging deviates eastwards from intermediate axle, upper coal ramp in a specific scheme (the first ramp) thing arrangement, middle coal ramp (the second ramp) and lower coal ramp (third ramp) are vertical with upper coal ramp, respectively Pick ditch is carried out, primary to be formed, preferential the North of exploiting helps coal.
Specifically, start to dig ditch in the position of intermediate axle end of the bridge east side 60m, form upslope road from West to East, northwards Digging is turned to, guarantees that 160m width northwards continues digging, to vacate the working face of middle coal pick ditch in time;It adopts to upper coal to away from the North When helping the position of 200m, start centering coal ramp trench work, upper coal and middle coal track digging simultaneously at this time.Similarly, to lower coal Have pick ditch condition when form lower coal ramp, every time dig ditch before opened up with hydraulic hoe, when drawdown reaches 3-4m, with power shovel into Row digging, quickly opens working face.
In this way, the good loading condition of safety can be created, direct production cost is reduced.This scheme not only may be used With in short supply between emptying inside, production situation anxiety situation vacate in advance it is enough dump volume, and make to be partially stripped simultaneously Object realizes to be dumped nearby, shortens truck haul distance, so that enduring to the fullest extent, expropriation of land puzzlement, production is extremely difficult, faces the threat that stops production Opencut obtains respite and wheezes, and has won the quality time for expropriation of land work propulsion.
Using the coal-mining method of open coal mine provided by the embodiment of the present invention, there is very big advantage in many aspects: Operation is set because removing from repeatedly moving, substantially reduces the duration;It can be dumped nearby because being partially stripped object, shorten the fortune of truck Away from;Three transporting coal ramps are once formed by stubborn ditch respectively, while in guarantee between emptying, is conducive to production and connects;It can be with The North is helped into the raw coal within the scope of 200m in advance and section produces, can not only vacate internal dumping, and overburden haul distance in time Closely, it is produced convenient for tissue, while internal dumping side slope carries out row in pressure side at the first time, end side exposure duration is short, is more advantageous to Help stability in opencut end.
During implementing the embodiment of the present invention, inventor calculates wherein primary recovery cost.Specifically, During primary recovery, design scheme according to an embodiment of the present invention, stope lower part stripping bench, which is partially stripped object, to be realized It dumps nearby, compared to traditional mining method, this is partially stripped object haul distance and saves 206m.According to open pit transportation in recent years at This 2.2 yuan/cubic metre kilometer, haul distance save ten thousand yuan of 1000 × 2.2 × 124=56.2 of cost Q1=206 ÷.Pass through one-pass molding Pick ditch mode, can save pick ditch take about 100,000 yuan of Q2.By calculating, two expenses are 66.2 ten thousand yuan total, then save direct 66.2 ten thousand yuan of production cost.
Using the above scheme, the upper coal ramp in Conventional parallel working pit edge direction is changed to lay perpendicular to working pit edge direction, Middle ramp multiple operation side is laid in direction, is carried out pick ditch operation respectively, is successively opened coal working face, and stope north can be quickly formed Portion coal mining activity face, in advance by the raw coal of the northern 200 meters of ranges of stope and section extraction, to the end of helper's journey is delayed on stope top, stripping Destage rank discharges interior emptying before resuming operation between, guarantee production stable operation, organization of production is more reasonable, timely and effectively directs Produced on-site.The designing system is by being partially stripped the shortening of the comprehensive haul distance of object and reducing stubborn ditch number, direct production cost drop Low 66.2 ten thousand yuan.The program is redirected into two while the North side stability is effectively ensured for the adjacent exploiting field coal mine head Removing dew coal in area's creates condition.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations;Although Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still may be used To modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features; And these are modified or replaceed, the range for technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of coal-mining method of open coal mine, the coal-mining method for the coal seam in Mining, the coal seam include by Upper coal, middle coal and the lower coal that top to bottm is sequentially distributed;It is characterized in that, the coal-mining method includes:
A) ditch is dug along the direction perpendicular to working pit edge in the top surface of the upper coal, forms first slope, the end of the first slope End is located on the top surface of the middle coal;
B) since the end of the first slope, digging is carried out to upper coal along the direction for being parallel to the working pit edge;To described When the top surface of middle coal has pick ditch condition, ditch is dug along the direction for being parallel to working pit edge in the top surface of the middle coal, forms second tiltedly Slope, the end on second slope are located at the top surface of the lower coal;
C) since the end on second slope, while digging is tracked to the upper coal and middle coal;
D) during being tracked digging to the upper coal and middle coal at the same time, the top surface to the lower coal has pick ditch condition When, in the top surface of the lower coal, pick ditch forms third slope, and the end on the third slope is located at the bottom surface of the lower coal;
E) since the end on the third slope, while digging is tracked to the upper coal, middle coal and lower coal.
2. the coal-mining method of open coal mine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step b), edge is parallel to institute When stating the direction of working pit edge to the progress digging of upper coal, the width of digging is greater than or equal to 160 meters.
3. the coal-mining method of open coal mine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step e) includes:
Since the end on the third slope, the upper coal, middle coal and lower coal are carried out simultaneously by the way of dumping on the spot Track digging.
4. the coal-mining method of open coal mine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the extending direction on the third slope Angle with the extending direction on second slope is acute angle, the extending direction on the third slope and prolonging for the first slope The angle for stretching direction is acute angle.
5. the coal-mining method of open coal mine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first slope is along the upper coal Top surface edge setting.
6. the coal-mining method of open coal mine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the coal seam is far from the working pit edge Side be provided with refuse dump, be provided with intermediate axle between the coal seam and the refuse dump.
7. the coal-mining method of open coal mine according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the head end of the first slope and institute Stating the distance between intermediate axle is 50-70 meters.
8. the coal-mining method of open coal mine according to any one of claims 1-7, which is characterized in that every time when pick ditch It is first opened up with hydraulic hoe, when drawdown reaches predetermined depth, carries out digging with power shovel.
9. the coal-mining method of open coal mine according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the predetermined depth is 3-4 meters.
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CN110206543B (en) * 2019-06-13 2021-06-29 中国神华能源股份有限公司 Open pit coal mine transportation method
CN110107299B (en) * 2019-06-17 2020-12-25 王建鑫 Open pit coal mine step mining and stripping and transportation road arrangement system and method and mining method
CN111894593B (en) * 2020-08-05 2021-09-28 东北大学 Method for realizing rapid internal drainage in metal strip mine hillside mining

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