CN106761759A - A kind of coal-mining method of open coal mine - Google Patents
A kind of coal-mining method of open coal mine Download PDFInfo
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- CN106761759A CN106761759A CN201611236197.4A CN201611236197A CN106761759A CN 106761759 A CN106761759 A CN 106761759A CN 201611236197 A CN201611236197 A CN 201611236197A CN 106761759 A CN106761759 A CN 106761759A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C47/00—Machines for obtaining or the removal of materials in open-pit mines
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of coal-mining method of open coal mine.The coal-mining method includes：The top surface of coal digs ditch along perpendicular to the direction of working pit edge on described, forms first slope, and the end of the first slope is located on the top surface of the middle coal；Since the end of the first slope, digging is carried out to upper coal along the direction parallel to the working pit edge；When the top surface of the middle coal possesses pick ditch condition, ditch is dug along the direction parallel to working pit edge in the top surface of the middle coal, form the second slope, the end on second slope is located at the top surface of the lower coal；Since the end on second slope, while being tracked digging to the upper coal and middle coal.The coal-mining method of the open coal mine provided using the embodiment of the present invention, can once form all of ramp, and it is small to dump workload, has saved manpower and materials, and production efficiency is high.
Description
Technical field
The present embodiments relate to strip coal mining technical field, more particularly to a kind of coal-mining method of open coal mine.
Background technology
In the prior art, open coal mine is generally exploited by the way of parallel to working pit edge pick ditch, parallel propulsion,
In recovery process, typically successively carry out.Specifically, first to stope in upper coal exploit；Upper coal mining will after finishing
Transportation system is moved and sets to initial position, and the middle coal to stope is exploited；By move again set after the lower coal of stope is opened
Adopt.
This traditional coal-mining method has the following disadvantages：First, this recovery process needs repeatedly shifting to set can be complete
Into having had a strong impact on coal mining efficiency；Second, when being exploited to upper coal, for opening for the middle coal after not influenceing and lower coal
Adopt, it is necessary to dumped outside stope, it is very big to dump workload, not only wasting manpower and material resources, and production efficiency is very low；The
Three, using above-mentioned mining type, the slope that pick ditch is formed is usually located at coal seam top, so as to cause the coal seam below slope not
Can effectively exploit, it is necessary to later stage filling mining, have impact on mining progress, reduce production efficiency；4th, in view of opencast spy
Point, while being restricted by imposing soil progress, the operating area of actual exploitation can be restricted, in just limited exploitation originally
In region, if the coal seam below slope can not effectively exploit, the influence for production efficiency and coal output can not be ignored.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of coal-mining method of open coal mine, it is intended in the presence of overcoming prior art
Defect.
The coal seam that the coal-mining method of open coal mine provided by the present invention is used in Mining, the coal seam is included by upper
Upper coal, middle coal and the lower coal being sequentially distributed under；The coal-mining method includes：A) on described the top surface of coal along perpendicular to work
The direction pick ditch of side, forms first slope, and the end of the first slope is located on the top surface of the middle coal；B) from described first
The end on slope starts, and digging is carried out to upper coal along the direction parallel to the working pit edge；Treat that the top surface of the middle coal possesses pick
During ditch condition, ditch is dug along the direction parallel to working pit edge in the top surface of the middle coal, form the second slope, second slope
End is located at the top surface of the lower coal；C) since the end on second slope, while being chased after to the upper coal and middle coal
Track digging.
The coal-mining method of open coal mine as described above, further, the coal-mining method also includes：D) at the same time to described
During upper coal and middle coal are tracked digging, when the top surface of the lower coal possesses pick ditch condition, on the top of the lower coal
Face pick ditch forms the 3rd slope, and the end on the 3rd slope is located at the bottom surface of the lower coal；E) from the end on the 3rd slope
End starts, while being tracked digging to the upper coal, middle coal and lower coal.
The coal-mining method of open coal mine as described above, further, in step b), along the side parallel to the working pit edge
During to carrying out digging to upper coal, the width of digging is more than or equal to 160 meters.
The coal-mining method of open coal mine as described above, further, the step e) includes：From the end on the 3rd slope
End starts, and digging is tracked to the upper coal, middle coal and lower coal simultaneously by the way of dumping on the spot.
The coal-mining method of open coal mine as described above, further, the bearing of trend and described second on the 3rd slope
The angle of the bearing of trend on slope is acute angle, the bearing of trend on the 3rd slope and the folder of the bearing of trend of the first slope
Angle is acute angle.
The coal-mining method of open coal mine as described above, further, the first slope along the upper coal top surface edge
Set.
The coal-mining method of open coal mine as described above, further, the coal seam is set away from the side of the working pit edge
There is refuse dump, being set up between the coal seam and the refuse dump has intermediate axle.
The coal-mining method of open coal mine as described above, further, the head end of the first slope and the intermediate axle it
Between distance be 50-70 meters.
The coal-mining method of open coal mine as described above, further, is first opened up during pick ditch with hydraulic hoe every time, treats drawdown
When reaching predetermined depth, digging is carried out with power shovel.
The coal-mining method of open coal mine as described above, further, the predetermined depth is 3-4 meters.
The coal-mining method of the open coal mine provided using the embodiment of the present invention, possesses pick ditch bar in middle coal or lower coal top surface
During part, you can proceed pick ditch and form ramp, all of ramp can respectively dig ditch, once be formed.This recovery process is not
Needing shifting to set just can once form all of ramp, improve coal mining efficiency；Second, this mining type can be realized on the spot
The tracking digging for dumping, it is small to dump workload, has saved manpower and materials, and production efficiency is very high；3rd, using above-mentioned exploitation side
Formula, because carrying out pick ditch perpendicular to working pit edge, the coal seam covered on the direction parallel to working pit edge seldom, will not for first slope
Influence mining progress, it is ensured that production efficiency；4th, because of the coal seam that first slope is covered on the direction parallel to working pit edge
Seldom, thus this mining type can very little coal mining region implement, not by impose soil progress restricted.
Brief description of the drawings
Preferred embodiment in the present invention will be described in detail by accompanying drawing below, it will help understand the purpose of the present invention and excellent
Point, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the coal-mining method of open coal mine described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the stope schematic diagram exploited using the coal-mining method of open coal mine described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the exploitation system that stope in fig. 2 is formed using the coal-mining method of open coal mine described in the embodiment of the present invention
System schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Wherein identical parts identical reference table
Show.It should be noted that the word "front", "rear" for being used in description below, "left", "right", "up" and "down" refer to accompanying drawing
In direction, word " interior " and " outward " are referred respectively to towards or away from the direction of particular elements geometric center.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the coal-mining method of open coal mine described in the embodiment of the present invention；Fig. 2 is to use the embodiment of the present invention
The stope schematic diagram that the coal-mining method of the open coal mine is exploited；Fig. 3 is that stope in fig. 2 uses the embodiment of the present invention
The mining system schematic diagram that the coal-mining method of the open coal mine is formed.Wherein, the mining system shown in Fig. 3 is shown in Fig. 2
Stope in implement, in order to be clearly shown that mining system in Fig. 3, eliminate the partial content marked in Fig. 2.
In a particular embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2 the direction pointed by direction signs shown in Fig. 2 upper right corner is the positive north
To the direction that triangle filled arrows are pointed to is stope direction of propulsion.The position of coal top board is the position for treating working seam in Fig. 2,
The coal seam includes the upper coal, middle coal and the lower coal that are sequentially distributed from top to bottom, and coal top board is the top surface of upper coal.The coal seam away from
The side of the working pit edge is provided with refuse dump, and being set up between the coal seam and the refuse dump has intermediate axle.Specifically, coal top
Plate left side is followed successively by coal seam floor and internal dumping, and coal seam floor has exploited the region for finishing, during internal dumping is mining process
Dump position.As shown in Fig. 2 set up between coal seam and internal dumping having intermediate axle, the intermediate axle is to dump or transport coal
Passage.Coal seam right side is working pit edge in figure, and coal seam top is the North side in figure.
With reference to shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the coal seam that coal-mining method provided by the present invention is used in Mining (is located at
Coal ceiling location in Fig. 2).In one embodiment, the coal-mining method can be realized by following steps.
Step S1, the top surface of coal digs ditch along perpendicular to the direction of working pit edge on described, forms first slope 11 (in Fig. 3
The ramp of absolute altitude 992 to 982), the end of the first slope 11 is located on the top surface of the middle coal.The first slope 11 can
As the passage for dumping or transporting coal, the first slope 11 is opened in the upper coal, the top and bottom of coal in connection, or
Person connects the bottom of earth's surface and upper coal.In a specific embodiment, the head end of the first slope 11 and the intermediate axle it
Between distance be 50-70 meters, preferably 60 meters.
Step S2, since the end of the first slope 11, is carried out along the direction parallel to the working pit edge to upper coal
Digging；When edge carries out digging parallel to the direction of the working pit edge to upper coal, the width of digging is more than or equal to 160 meters, with
Reserve enough spaces, it is ensured that pick ditch afterwards is smoothed out.When the top surface of the middle coal possesses pick ditch condition, in described
The top surface of coal digs ditch along the direction parallel to working pit edge, forms the second slope 12 (ramp of absolute altitude 982 to 968 in Fig. 3), described
The end on the second slope 12 is located at the top surface of the lower coal.Wherein, the top surface of the middle coal possesses pick ditch condition and can be understood as：
During carrying out digging to upper coal, the length exposed at the top of middle coal disclosure satisfy that the feelings of the demand for opening up the second slope 12
Condition.For example：The length exposed at the top of central coal more than the first slope 11 in the projected length at the top of the middle coal,
I.e. it is considered that possessing pick ditch condition.
Step S3, since the end on second slope 12, while being tracked digging to the upper coal and middle coal.
In the step, during being tracked digging to the upper coal and middle coal, short distance digging first can be carried out to upper coal, then
Middle coal to exposing carries out digging, is further continued for carrying out digging to upper coal, is tracked digging to upper coal and middle coal successively.Following the trail of
During digging, dumping or transport coal can be transported by the second slope 12 and first slope 11.
Alternatively, on the basis of above-mentioned steps, the coal-mining method of the open coal mine can further include following
Step.
Step S4, during being tracked digging to the upper coal and middle coal at the same time, treats the top surface tool of the lower coal
During standby pick ditch condition, the 3rd slope 13 (ramp of absolute altitude 968 to 962 in Fig. 3) is formed in the top surface pick ditch of the lower coal, it is described
The end on the 3rd slope 13 is located at the bottom surface (i.e. coal seam floor) of the lower coal.
Step S5, since the end on the 3rd slope 13, while the upper coal, middle coal and lower coal are tracked and are adopted
Pick.The tracking digging of the step is similar with mentioned above, repeats no more here.Chased after to coal, middle coal and lower coal on described
During track digging, can realize dumping and transport by the 3rd slope 13, the second slope 12 and first slope 11.Pass through
This design, since the end on the 3rd slope 13, it is possible to using by the way of dumping on the spot simultaneously to the upper coal, in
Coal and lower coal are tracked digging.
Alternatively, to during the opening up of the first slope 11, the second slope 12 and the 3rd slope 13, every time during pick ditch
First opened up with hydraulic hoe, when drawdown reaches predetermined depth, digging is carried out with power shovel, quickly to open working face.Preferably,
The predetermined depth is 3-4 meters.
The coal-mining method of the open coal mine provided using the embodiment of the present invention, possesses pick ditch bar in middle coal or lower coal top surface
During part, you can proceed pick ditch and form ramp, all of ramp can respectively dig ditch, once be formed.This recovery process is not
Needing shifting to set just can once form all of ramp, improve coal mining efficiency；Second, this mining type can be realized on the spot
The tracking digging for dumping, it is small to dump workload, has saved manpower and materials, and production efficiency is very high；3rd, using above-mentioned exploitation side
Formula, because carrying out pick ditch perpendicular to working pit edge, the coal seam covered on the direction parallel to working pit edge is little, no for first slope 11
Mining progress can be influenceed, it is ensured that production efficiency；4th, because first slope 11 is covered on the direction parallel to working pit edge
Coal seam is little, therefore this mining type can be implemented in the coal mining region of very little, not restricted by soil progress is imposed.
In one alternate embodiment, the bearing of trend on the bearing of trend on the 3rd slope 13 and second slope 12
Angle be acute angle, the bearing of trend and the angle of the bearing of trend of the first slope 11 on the 3rd slope 13 are acute angles.
In specific scheme, the 3rd slope 13 is not limited to perpendicular or parallel to the direction of working pit edge, can be according to coal seam point
Cloth is opened up nearby, as long as can be dug on the top surface of lower coal by ditch forms ramp opening up, this design is adapted to different coals
Layer distribution situation, adaptive surface is wider and convenient to carry out.
In an optional embodiment, the first slope 11 is set along the top surface edge of the upper coal.Set this
In meter, the first slope 11 only covers the edge in coal seam, and occupancy is very small, even if the later stage arranges back production also very square
Just.
As Figure 1-3, in a specific scheme, initial pick ditch position offsets eastwards from intermediate axle, upper coal ramp
(the first ramp) thing arranges that middle coal ramp (the second ramp) and lower coal ramp (the 3rd ramp) are vertical with upper coal ramp, respectively
Pick ditch is carried out, is once formed, preferential exploitation the North side coal.
Specifically, start to dig ditch in the position of intermediate axle end of the bridge east side 60m, form upslope road from West to East, northwards
Digging is turned to, it is ensured that 160m width northwards continues digging, to vacate the working face that middle coal digs ditch in time；Treat that coal is adopted to away from the North
When helping the position of 200m, start centering coal ramp trench work, now go up coal with middle coal while following the trail of digging.Similarly, lower coal is treated
Lower coal ramp is formed when possessing pick ditch condition, is opened up with hydraulic hoe before pick ditch every time, when drawdown reaches 3-4m, entered with power shovel
Row digging, quickly opens working face.
In this way, the good loading condition of safety can be created, direct production cost is reduced.This scheme not only may be used
Enough volumes that dumps are vacateed with situation in short supply between interior emptying, that production situation is nervous in advance, and causes to be partially stripped simultaneously
Thing is realized and dumped nearby, shortens truck haul distance so that endure expropriation of land puzzlement to the fullest extent, production is extremely difficult, face the threat that stops production
Opencut obtains respite and pants, for the quality time has been won in expropriation of land work propulsion.
The coal-mining method of the open coal mine provided using the embodiment of the present invention, has very big advantage in many aspects：
Operation is set because removing from repeatedly moving, the duration is substantially reduced；Can nearby be dumped because being partially stripped thing, be shortened the fortune of truck
Away from；Three fortune coal ramps are once formed by stubborn ditch respectively, it is ensured that while between interior emptying, be conducive to production to continue；Can be with
The North is helped into raw coal and the section extraction in the range of 200m in advance, internal dumping, and overburden haul distance not only can be in time vacateed
Closely, it is easy to tissue to produce, while the internal dumping side slope very first time carries out row in pressure side, end side open-assembly time is short, is more beneficial for
Help stability in opencut end.
During the embodiment of the present invention is implemented, inventor is adjusted to wherein primary recovery cost.Specifically,
During primary recovery, design according to embodiments of the present invention, stope bottom stripping bench is partially stripped thing and realizes
Dump nearby, compared to traditional mining type, this is partially stripped thing haul distance and saves 206m.According to open pit transportation in recent years into
This 2.2 yuan/cubic metre kilometer, ten thousand yuan of 1000 × 2.2 × 124=56.2 of the cost-effective Q1=206 ÷ of haul distance.By one-shot forming
Pick ditch mode, can save pick ditch expense about 100,000 yuan of Q2.By calculating, two expenses amount to 66.2 ten thousand yuan, then save direct
66.2 ten thousand yuan of production cost.
Using such scheme, the upper coal ramp in Conventional parallel working pit edge direction is changed to be laid perpendicular to working pit edge direction,
Middle ramp multiple operation side is laid in direction, carries out digging ditch operation respectively, and coal-face is opened successively, can quickly form stope north
Portion coal mining activity face, in advance by the northern 200 meters of raw coal of scope of stope and section extraction, treats that the slow helper's journey in stope top terminates, and shells
Destage rank discharges interior emptying before resuming operation between, it is ensured that production stable operation, organization of production is more reasonable, timely and effectively directs
Produced on-site.By being partially stripped the shortening of thing synthesis haul distance and reducing stubborn ditch number of times, direct production cost drops the design system
It is low 66.2 ten thousand yuan.The program is that adjacent colliery head exploiting fields are redirected into two while the North side stability is effectively ensured
Peel off dew coal and create condition in area.
Finally it should be noted that：The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those within the art that：It still may be used
Modified with to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or equivalent is carried out to which part technical characteristic；
And these modifications or replacement, do not make the scope of the essence disengaging various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme of appropriate technical solution.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of coal-mining method of open coal mine, the coal seam that the coal-mining method is used in Mining, the coal seam include by
Upper coal, middle coal and lower coal that top to bottm is sequentially distributed；Characterized in that, the coal-mining method includes：
A) top surface of coal digs ditch along perpendicular to the direction of working pit edge on described, forms first slope, the end of the first slope
End is on the top surface of the middle coal；
B) since the end of the first slope, digging is carried out to upper coal along the direction parallel to the working pit edge；Treat described
When the top surface of middle coal possesses pick ditch condition, ditch is dug along the direction parallel to working pit edge in the top surface of the middle coal, form second oblique
Slope, the end on second slope is located at the top surface of the lower coal；
C) since the end on second slope, while being tracked digging to the upper coal and middle coal.
2. the coal-mining method of open coal mine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the coal-mining method also includes：
D) during being tracked digging to the upper coal and middle coal at the same time, treat that the top surface of the lower coal possesses pick ditch condition
When, the 3rd slope is formed in the top surface pick ditch of the lower coal, the end on the 3rd slope is located at the bottom surface of the lower coal；
E) since the end on the 3rd slope, while being tracked digging to the upper coal, middle coal and lower coal.
3. the coal-mining method of open coal mine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step b), along parallel to institute
When stating the direction of working pit edge and carrying out digging to upper coal, the width of digging is more than or equal to 160 meters.
4. the coal-mining method of open coal mine according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the step e) includes：
Since the end on the 3rd slope, the upper coal, middle coal and lower coal are carried out simultaneously by the way of dumping on the spot
Follow the trail of digging.
5. the coal-mining method of open coal mine according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the bearing of trend on the 3rd slope
Angle with the bearing of trend on second slope is acute angle, the 3rd bearing of trend on slope and prolonging for the first slope
The angle for stretching direction is acute angle.
6. the coal-mining method of open coal mine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the first slope is along the upper coal
Top surface edge set.
7. the coal-mining method of open coal mine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the coal seam is away from the working pit edge
Side be provided with refuse dump, between the coal seam and the refuse dump set up have intermediate axle.
8. the coal-mining method of open coal mine according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the head end of the first slope and institute
The distance between intermediate axle is stated for 50-70 meters.
9. the coal-mining method of the open coal mine according to any one in claim 1-8, it is characterised in that every time during pick ditch
First opened up with hydraulic hoe, when drawdown reaches predetermined depth, digging is carried out with power shovel.
10. the coal-mining method of open coal mine according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the predetermined depth is 3-4 meters.
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| CN110107299A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-08-09 | 王建鑫 | Open coal mine adopts stripping step and transport routes arrangement system and method and recovery method |
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| CN111894593A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-11-06 | 东北大学 | Method for realizing rapid internal drainage in metal strip mine hillside mining |
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| CN106761759B (en) | 2019-03-22 |
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