CN106758401B - 一种真丝织物预处理及用天然植物染料印花的方法 - Google Patents

一种真丝织物预处理及用天然植物染料印花的方法 Download PDF

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CN106758401B
CN106758401B CN201710029153.2A CN201710029153A CN106758401B CN 106758401 B CN106758401 B CN 106758401B CN 201710029153 A CN201710029153 A CN 201710029153A CN 106758401 B CN106758401 B CN 106758401B
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曹红梅
张茜茜
於琴
张荣沧
朱亚伟
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种真丝织物预处理及用天然植物染料印花的方法，包括预处理、印花、蒸化、水洗和烘干。先用多羧酸溶液处理真丝织物，再用含金属离子媒染剂和天然植物染料的印花色浆印制真丝织物，经蒸化和水洗的真丝印花织物，具有非印花区白地部分不会沾上金属离子的颜色、印花区得色量、牢度明显提高的优势，且具有工艺简单、废水废渣排放少的优点。

Description

一种真丝织物预处理及用天然植物染料印花的方法
技术领域
本发明具体涉及一种真丝织物预处理及用天然植物染料印花的方法，属于织物印染技术领域。
背景技术
天然染料对织物印花过程中，为提高印制时的得色量及牢度，一般需结合金属离子媒染的方法进行。常用的解决方法有以下三种，第一种方法是先用含有金属媒染剂的印花浆在真丝织物上印制，再用天然染料染色，能取得较好的效果，但是其不足是没有印制媒染剂的地色也会同时被染上颜色，只是地色和花色的颜色不同，不能得到白地印花织物。第二种方法是采用预媒染的方法，先对要印花的织物用媒染剂进行媒染处理后再印花，这种印花方法色浆稳定性较好，但其不足是对织物进行预媒染时，多数媒染剂自身存在一定的颜色会附着到织物上，这样白地部分会有金属离子的颜色，也得不到白地的印花织物。第三种方法是先采用预媒染方法对织物进行媒染，织物印花后，再在白地部分印制媒染剂去除色浆，可获得地色为白地的印花织物，较好的解决了白地不白的问题，但是该工艺只适合于去除特定的媒染剂，且多了一道去除媒染剂的印制工序，工艺较为繁琐。
发明内容
本发明主要是为克服上述方法中白地不白或是印制工艺繁琐的问题展开研究的。本发明所创造的技术方案如下：
真丝用多羧酸预处理→晾干或烘干→印花→烘干→汽蒸→水洗→烘干。即在天然染料印花前先用酒石酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、聚马来酸、衣康酸等多羧酸对真丝织物进行改性预处理，然后再采用媒染印花同浆一步法工艺印花，最后再烘干、蒸化、水洗、烘干，得到天然染料印花真丝织物。
多羧酸预处理工艺为以下两种方法任选一种：
(1)常温浸轧法：用5-30g/L的多羧酸溶液浸轧真丝织物，一浸一轧或二浸二轧，轧余率为60-90％，再自然风干或红外烘干备用。
(2)加热浸煮法：用浓度为0.5-3％owf的多羧酸溶液，浴比1：50，在35-70℃温度下浸煮10-60min后，水洗后再自然风干或红外烘干备用。
印花色浆组成(按重量百分比)：天然植物染料2-10％，印花原糊55-80％，金属离子媒染剂0.0005-0.003mol/100g，去离子水15-40％；印花原糊为：海藻酸钠糊；金属离子媒染剂为：二价铁盐、三价铁盐、三价铝盐、二价锌盐、四价钛盐的一种或是两种的混和物。
印花后烘干条件：100-115℃，烘干时间：3-6min。
蒸化条件：汽蒸温度100-120℃，汽蒸时间20-40min，蒸汽为饱和蒸汽。
有益效果
本发明技术方案用于克服天然染料印花时存在的白地不白或是印制工艺繁琐问题，其优点在于：
(1)采用多羧酸对织物进行预处理，不需再对全部织物进行媒染，白地部分不会沾上金属离子的颜色，可以有效解决印花织物白地不白的问题，并且得色量比天然染料直接印花有明显提高，印制织物各项牢度好。
(2)工艺较为简单，预处理后媒染与印花一步完成，省时、节能、废水废渣排放少，经济、环境效益明显。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例详细说明本发明技术方案。
实施例1
多羧酸对真丝织物预处理改性：用10g/L衣康酸浸轧真丝织物，二浸二轧，轧余率75％，自然风干后备用。
用天然色素印花浆对预处理过的真丝织物印花，印花色浆处方为：丁香色素粉末5％、海藻酸钠糊60％、硫酸亚铁媒染剂0.001mol/100g、其余为去离子水。
印花后的真丝织物在100℃条件下预烘5min，再用100-120℃饱和蒸汽汽蒸30min。再进行水洗、烘干。
测试真丝织物用衣康酸改性前的白度及改性后的白度，用丁香色素浆印花后的K/S值及水洗、耐摩擦、耐日晒牢度，参见表1。
表1
对比实施例1为实施例1基础上舍去衣康酸对真丝的预处理工艺，舍去印花浆中的硫酸亚铁媒染剂，其它处方及工艺同。对比实施例2为实施例1基础上舍去衣康酸对真丝的预处理工艺，其它处方及工艺同。
实施例2
参照实施例1，对真丝预处理的多羧酸换成苹果酸，印花色浆中天然染料换成漆大姑色素粉末，其它工艺条件和步骤不变。
测试真丝织物用苹果酸改性前的白度及改性后的白度，用漆大姑色素浆印花后的K/S值及水洗、耐摩擦、耐日晒牢度，参见表2。
表2
对比实施例3为实施例2基础上舍去苹果酸对真丝的预处理工艺，舍去印花浆中的硫酸亚铁媒染剂，其它处方及工艺同。对比实施例4为实施例2基础上舍去苹果酸对真丝的预处理工艺，其它处方及工艺同。
实施例3
参照实施例1，真丝预处理的工艺为3％owf的聚马来酸、浴比1：50、40℃，30min，自然风干后备用。印花色浆中天然染料换成菱角壳色素粉末，其它工艺条件和步骤不变。
测试真丝织物用聚马来酸改性前的白度及改性后的白度，用菱角壳色素浆印花后的K/S值及水洗、耐摩擦、耐日晒牢度，参见表3。
表3
对比实施例5为实施例3基础上舍去聚马来酸对真丝的预处理工艺，舍去印花浆中的硫酸亚铁媒染剂，其它处方及工艺同。对比实施例6为实施例3基础上舍去聚马来酸对真丝的预处理工艺，其它处方及工艺同。
耐摩擦色牢度按GB/T3920—2008《纺织品色牢度试验耐摩擦色牢度》测试；
耐皂洗色牢度按GB/T3921—2008《纺织品色牢度试验耐皂洗色牢度》测试；
耐光色牢度按GB/T8426—1998《纺织品色牢度试验耐光色牢度》测试。
从表1、2、3可以看出，按本发明技术方案预先运用多羧酸对真丝织物预处理改性后再媒染印花同浆印花。预处理不仅未降低印花织物白地部分的白度，且印花织物的K/S值即表面得色量及耐皂洗、耐摩擦、耐日晒牢度有所提高。

Claims (4)

1.一种真丝织物的预处理及用天然植物染料印花的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
1)预处理：用多羧酸溶液处理真丝织物，然后自然风干或红外烘干；
2)印花和蒸化：配制印花色浆，在平网筛网印花机上对预处理真丝织物进行印花，然后进行烘干和蒸化处理；
3)水洗和烘干：将经蒸化的真丝织物，进行水洗和烘干处理，制得天然染料印花织物；
所述步骤1)预处理工艺为以下两种方法任选一种：
(1)常温浸轧法：用5-30g/L的多羧酸溶液浸轧真丝织物，一浸一轧或二浸二轧，轧余率为60-90％，再自然风干或红外烘干备用；
(2)加热浸煮法：用浓度为0.5-3％owf的多羧酸溶液，浴比1：50，在35-70℃温度下浸煮10-60min后，水洗再自然风干或红外烘干备用；
所述步骤2)印花色浆由天然植物染料、印花原糊、金属离子媒染剂和水组成,其中天然植物染料的质量分数为2-10％，印花原糊的质量分数为55-80％，金属离子媒染剂为0.0005-0.003mol/100g，其余为去离子水。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述印花原糊为海藻酸钠糊,金属离子媒染剂为：二价铁盐、三价铁盐、三价铝盐、二价锌盐、四价钛盐的一种或是两种的混和物。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，印花后所述步骤2)烘干条件为烘干温度：100-115℃，烘干时间：3-6min；蒸化条件：汽蒸温度100-120℃，汽蒸时间20-40min，蒸汽为饱和蒸汽。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多羧酸为酒石酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、聚马来酸、衣康酸的一种或是两种的混和物。
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