CN106756265B - A kind of the Al-Sc-Zr-Yb alloy and its heat treatment process of high performance-price ratio high-strength highly-conductive - Google Patents
A kind of the Al-Sc-Zr-Yb alloy and its heat treatment process of high performance-price ratio high-strength highly-conductive Download PDFInfo
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- CN106756265B CN106756265B CN201611065568.7A CN201611065568A CN106756265B CN 106756265 B CN106756265 B CN 106756265B CN 201611065568 A CN201611065568 A CN 201611065568A CN 106756265 B CN106756265 B CN 106756265B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
A kind of the Al-Sc-Zr-Yb alloy and its heat treatment process of high performance-price ratio high-strength highly-conductive, belong to technical field of alloy.Alloy is in the Sc that joined 0.193~0.256% (weight percent) in aluminum substrate, the Zr of 0.187~0.243% (weight percent), the Yb of 0.077~0.109% (weight percent).Then the heat treatment process of alloy solution treatment 40~50 hours first at 640 ± 10 DEG C, water quenching to room temperature carry out the isothermal aging of 96~144h between 350~400 DEG C.Combined microalloying of the present invention due to using Sc, Zr, Yb, alloy is not only provided simultaneously with significant ageing strengthening effect and good electric conductivity, and in the case where obtaining same rigidity value, compared to Al-Sc-Zr alloy, the price of Al-Sc-Zr-Yb alloy can reduce by 30 yuan/kilogram, have high performance-price ratio.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of alloy material, and in particular to a kind of aluminum alloy materials by combined microalloying
And its heat treatment process.
Technical background
It is constantly soaring for the demand of electric power this important energy source with China's sustained and rapid development of economy.As leading
Wire material, aluminium and its alloy not only have an excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, good processability, and cheap, therefore by
More and more extensive concern.
Conductor material should also have certain intensity other than having good conductivity to support the quality and outer of itself
The natural load-carrying (wind load ice load etc.) come.In materialogy field, the method for improving intensity of aluminum alloy has refined crystalline strengthening, deformation
Strengthen, four kinds of modes of solution strengthening and dispersion-strengtherning.While with different method strengthening materials, the electric conductivity of material can be produced
Raw certain influence.Studies have shown that intensity, hardness increase after cold plastic deformation occurs for metal, electric conductivity can be reduced slightly；When
After crystal grain refinement, since crystal grain reduces, grain boundary area increases, and crystal boundary enhances the scattering process of electronics, can also make materials conductive
Property slightly reduce.In short, refined crystalline strengthening and working hardening have a certain impact to the electric conductivity of material, but influence degree is smaller.
When impurity in aluminium or alloying element are in solid solution state, there is influence strongly to the electric conductivity of aluminium, and is precipitated when it is in
When state, influence to electric conductivity is only to be dissolved the part of state to 1/tens, and therefore, this mode of solution strengthening can be with
It improves intensity but substantially reduces electric conductivity, do not meet the electric conductivity demand of conducting wire.In conclusion to obtain being provided simultaneously with height
By force, the high aluminum conductor material led, it is necessary to which solid solubility of the alloying element in aluminium added by meeting is small as far as possible, and passes through
After certain heat treatment process, alloying element can the precipitation as much as possible from matrix, formed tiny, Dispersed precipitate in matrix
Hardening constituent.
In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have conducted extensive research effect of the rare earth element in aluminium alloy, these researchs master
Concentrate on the influence of Sc, Zr, Er, Yb etc. and its combined microalloying to aluminium alloy, wherein the most deep with the research of Sc.
Sc is the micro alloying element with best ageing strengthening effect in aluminium alloy, in Al-Sc bianry alloy, the maximum solid solution of Sc
Degree is 0.23at.%, and when temperature is lower than 450 DEG C, solid solubility is less than 0.01at.%, therefore after heat treatment, can be a large amount of
Disperse educt has the Al3Sc of L12 structure, so that the intensity of alloy be made to increase.But since the diffusion coefficient of Sc is larger, in high temperature
Al3Sc precipitated phase is easily roughened after long-time timeliness, leads to the poor heat resistance of alloy.And the unit price of Al-5wt%Sc is up to 2000
Member/kilogram.The addition of expensive Sc considerably increases the production cost of aluminium alloy, make aluminium alloy containing Sc in the industry using by
To limitation.Studies have shown that the lesser Zr of micro diffusion coefficient is added in Al-Sc bianry alloy can be improved alloy heat resistance,
Al3 that small and dispersed can be formed after the compound addition of Sc and Zr of high concentration simultaneously, that the outer Zr of interior Sc is with core-shell structure (Sc,
Zr) the second phase reaches intensity raising synchronous with heat resistance.In the industry, the unit price of Al-5wt%Zr is 100 yuan/kilogram, valence
Lattice are cheap, can be widely applied in industrial production.But Sc, Zr combined microalloying still remain problem in application process.300
DEG C when Sc there is best ageing strengthening effect, but the lower Zr element of diffusion coefficient can not be precipitated completely and drop conductivity
It is low.Zr can be precipitated completely after temperature increases, but the ageing strengthening effect of Sc is obviously deteriorated, when especially Sc content is lower,
High temperature (400 DEG C) can not disperse educt, or even entirely without ageing strengthening effect.
Chinese patent CN105483455A discloses the heat treatment for having invented a kind of Al-Sc-Zr-Er alloy high-strength highly-conductive state
Technique shows alloy after isothermal aging 144 hours, hardness number can also reach up to 64HV, conductivity by 350~400 DEG C
60%IACS, alloy have high-strength highly-conductive performance.CN105483455A has achieved good effect, but in practical applications
Some also needs to further increase hardness and conductivity, and CN105483455A has been unable to meet and needs further exist for high-performance at this time
Occasion.
Adding on the basis of Sc, Zr combined microalloying at high temperature can also Al3Yb of the disperse educt with L12 structure
The Yb element of phase.Compared with Sc, Zr, nuclear driving force ratio Sc, Zr of Yb is big under same amount, especially in hot stage.
The addition of Yb can promote the disperse educt of Sc, Zr, ultimately form Al3 (Sc, Zr, Yb) precipitated phase with L12 structure, both protected
The conductivity of alloy material has been demonstrate,proved, and can guarantee the intensity of alloy material.The unit price of Al-5wt%Yb is 110 yuan/kilogram simultaneously,
The addition of a small amount of Yb element will not increase substantially production cost, can be widely applied in industrial production.
The present invention is based on considerations above, devises Al-Sc-Zr-Yb alloy, it is intended to find its suitable composition range
With corresponding heat treatment process, to prepare the aluminium alloy conductor material of high performance-price ratio high-strength highly-conductive.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to the method by combined microalloying, a kind of Al-Sc-Zr-Yb alloy and its heat are found
Treatment process so as to improve the intensity and electric conductivity of alloy, while can also drop low-alloyed production cost, have alloy
High performance-price ratio.
A kind of Al-Sc-Zr-Yb alloy of high performance-price ratio high-strength highly-conductive, which is characterized in that joined in aluminum substrate
The Sc of 0.193~0.256% (weight percent), the Zr of 0.187~0.243% (weight percent), 0.077~0.109%
The Yb of (weight percent).
The optimal components range of alloying element described above are as follows: Zr is 0.187~0.233% (weight percent), and Yb is
0.077~0.090% (weight percent).
The preparation method of the alloy is in addition Al-2wt%Sc, Al-3wt%Zr, Al- during melting aluminium
The intermediate alloy of 25wt%Yb, smelting temperature are 780 ± 10 DEG C.It after reaching smelting temperature, is sufficiently stirred, heat preservation stands 15 minutes
Swage is carried out afterwards to cast to obtain cast alloy, is then heat-treated, to obtain the alloy material.
The Al-Sc-Zr-Yb alloy and its heat treatment process of a kind of high performance-price ratio high-strength highly-conductive of the present invention, it is special
Sign is, including following heat treatment process step:
(1) homogenizing annealing is carried out to cast alloy at 640 ± 10 DEG C, then carries out the cold rolling that deflection is 90% and becomes
Shape, later 640 ± 10 DEG C solution treatment 40~50 hours, water quenching to room temperature；
(2) isothermal aging of 72~144h is carried out between 350~400 DEG C.
The optimum treatment process of alloy described above preferably 96~144h of isothermal aging between 350~400 DEG C.
Combined microalloying of the present invention due to using Sc, Zr, Yb, not only makes alloy be provided simultaneously with significant timeliness strong
Change effect and excellent electric conductivity, and greatly reduces the production cost of alloy.As shown in attached drawing 2,3,6,7,9, alloy
By 350~400 DEG C after isothermal aging 96 hours, the hardness number of A1, A2 alloy reaches as high as 73HV up to 66HV or more, electricity
Conductance is also above 60%IACS, reaches as high as 60.5%IACS, and in the case where obtaining same rigidity value, compared to
The price of Al-Sc-Zr alloy, Al-Sc-Zr-Yb alloy can reduce by 30 yuan/kilogram, have high performance-price ratio.Chinese patent
CN105483455A discloses the heat treatment process for having invented a kind of Al-Sc-Zr-Er alloy high-strength highly-conductive state, shows that alloy exists
By 350~400 DEG C after isothermal aging 144 hours, for hardness number up to 64HV, conductivity can also reach 60%IACS, alloy tool
There is high-strength highly-conductive performance.Yb and Er is all lanthanide series, a kind of Al-Sc-Zr- of high performance-price ratio high-strength highly-conductive of the present invention
Yb alloy and its heat treatment process, not only ensure that the intensity and electric conductivity of alloy, while shorten heat treatment time, using this
Achieve the effect that CN105483455A within inventive technique scheme isothermal aging 96 hours, to further reduced being produced into for alloy
This, improves economic benefit, can be widely applied in industrial production.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: 300 DEG C of isothermal aging hardness curves；
Fig. 2: 350 DEG C of isothermal aging hardness curves；
Fig. 3: 400 DEG C of isothermal aging hardness curves；
Fig. 4: 450 DEG C of isothermal aging hardness curves；
Fig. 5: 300 DEG C of isothermal aging conductance profiles；
Fig. 6: 350 DEG C of isothermal aging conductance profiles；
Fig. 7: 400 DEG C of isothermal aging conductance profiles；
Fig. 8: 450 DEG C of isothermal aging conductance profiles；
Fig. 9: Al-Sc-Zr-Yb alloy cost performance figure.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further explained below with reference to examples.First 640 ± 10 DEG C solution treatment 40~50 hours, water
It quenches to room temperature, then carries out the isothermal aging processing of 0~144h different time every 50 DEG C between 300~450 DEG C.
Embodiment 1: alloy cast ingot is prepared using graphite crucible melting and iron mould casting, raw materials used is rafifinal and Al-
The intermediate alloy of 2wt%Sc, Al-3wt%Zr, Al-25wt%Yb.At 780 ± 10 DEG C of smelting temperature, first by rafifinal aluminium ingot
Fusing is then added Al-Sc, Al-Zr, Al-Yb intermediate alloy, is sufficiently stirred, and heat preservation carries out swage casting after standing 15 minutes.
By ingot casting in 640 ± 10 DEG C of progress homogenizing annealings, the cold-rolling deformation that deflection is 90% is then carried out.It is prepared for 5 kinds of differences
The aluminium alloy of ingredient measures its actual constituent by XRF, as shown in table 1 below.
1 technic metal ingredient of table
Embodiment 2: to the alloy in embodiment 1 in 640 ± 10 DEG C of progress solution treatment in 40~50 hours, water quenching to room
Temperature, then in 350 DEG C of progress isothermal agings.Fig. 2 is the hardness curve of alloy isothermal aging at 350 DEG C.It can from figure
Out, ageing impact toughness, the hardness number of alloy are constantly promoted with the extension of aging time, and timeliness reached peak value of hardness after 1 hour, it
Afterwards with the extension of time, hardness number is held essentially constant.After timeliness 96 hours, the hardness number of A1, A2 alloy be respectively 66HV,
73HV, it is seen that alloy has good strengthening effect.Fig. 6 is the conductance profile of alloy isothermal aging at 350 DEG C.From figure
As can be seen that ascendant trend is integrally presented in conductivity with the extension of aging time, and after timeliness 96 hours, the electricity of A1, A2 alloy
Conductance is respectively 60.5%IACS, 60.2%IACS, it is seen that alloy has good electric conductivity.In addition, A4, A5 alloy aging 96
Hardness number is only 53HV, 49HV after hour, and its conductivity is also less than 60%IACS.Hardness number is after A3 alloy aging 96 hours
70HV, conductivity 59.8%IACS, but since its Sc content is high, considerably increase production cost, and its hardness number and conductance
A2 alloy of the rate also below lower Sc content.
Embodiment 3: to the alloy in embodiment 1 in 640 ± 10 DEG C of progress solution treatment in 40~50 hours, water quenching to room
Temperature, then in 400 DEG C of progress isothermal agings.Fig. 3, Fig. 7 are respectively the hardness curve and conductance of alloy isothermal aging at 400 DEG C
Rate curve.It can be seen from the figure that class of a curve in the hardness curve of alloy and the variation tendency of conductance profile and embodiment 2
Seemingly.After timeliness 96 hours, the hardness number of A1, A2 alloy is respectively 66HV, 72HV, and conductivity is up to 60.3%IACS, 60.4%
IACS, it is seen that A1, A2 alloy have high-strength highly-conductive performance.Although conductivity is more than 60.0% after A4, A5 alloy timeliness 96 hours
IACS, but its hardness number is only 52HV, 48HV.Hardness number is 68HV, conductivity 60.1% after A3 alloy aging 96 hours
IACS, lower than the A2 alloy of lower Sc content.
Comparative example 1: to the alloy in embodiment 1 in 640 ± 10 DEG C of progress solution treatment in 40~50 hours, water quenching to room
Temperature, then in 300 DEG C of progress isothermal agings.Fig. 1, Fig. 5 are respectively that the hardness and conductivity of alloy isothermal aging at 300 DEG C are bent
Line.It can be seen from the figure that hardness number is respectively 66HV, 72HV after A1, A2 alloy aging 96 hours, conductivity is respectively
56.4%IACS, 57.1%IACS, relative to 350 DEG C, 400 DEG C of isothermal aging processing, the strengthening effect of alloy is basically unchanged, but
Its electric conductivity is substantially reduced.
Comparative example 2: to the alloy in embodiment 1 in 640 ± 10 DEG C of progress solution treatment in 40~50 hours, water quenching to room
Temperature, then in 450 DEG C of progress isothermal agings.Fig. 4, Fig. 8 are respectively that the hardness and conductivity of alloy isothermal aging at 450 DEG C are bent
Line.It can be seen from the figure that after timeliness 96 hours, the conductivity of A1, A2 alloy is respectively 60.2%IACS, 60.3%IACS,
Hardness number is respectively 47HV, 55HV.Relative to 350 DEG C, 400 DEG C of isothermal aging processing, the electric conductivity of alloy is basically unchanged, but its
Strengthening effect substantially reduces.
For comparative example 1, after timeliness 96 hours, the hardness number of alloy is up to 60HV or more, but its conductivity is only 57%
The electric conductivity of IACS or so, alloy are bad.For comparative example 2, the conductivity of alloy is in 60%IACS or more, but its hardness number
Lower than 55HV, the strengthening effect of alloy is bad.For embodiment 2,3, the hardness number of alloy is up to 66HV or more, and conductivity is also all
More than 60%IACS, and in the case where obtaining same rigidity value, compared to Al-Sc-Zr alloy, Al-Sc-Zr-Yb alloy
Price can reduce by 30 yuan/kilogram, therefore alloy not only has high-strength highly-conductive performance and has high performance-price ratio.So alloy is most
Good heat treatment process is 96~144h of isothermal aging between 350~400 DEG C.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of Al-Sc-Zr-Yb alloy of high performance-price ratio high-strength highly-conductive, which is characterized in that joined weight hundred in aluminum substrate
Divide the Yb of the Sc, 0.187 ~ 0.243% Zr, 0.077 ~ 0.109% than 0.193 ~ 0.256%；
Using following heat treatment process comprising following steps:
(1) homogenizing annealing is carried out to cast alloy at 640 ± 10 DEG C, then carries out the cold-rolling deformation that deflection is 90%,
Later 640 ± 10 DEG C solution treatment 40 ~ 50 hours, water quenching to room temperature；
(2) isothermal aging of 72 ~ 144h is carried out between 350 ~ 400 DEG C.
2. a kind of Al-Sc-Zr-Yb alloy of high performance-price ratio high-strength highly-conductive described in accordance with the claim 1, which is characterized in that close
The composition range of gold element are as follows: Zr is that 0.187 ~ 0.233%, Yb is 0.077 ~ 0.090%.
3. a kind of Al-Sc-Zr-Yb alloy of high performance-price ratio high-strength highly-conductive described in accordance with the claim 1, which is characterized in that step
Suddenly (2) 96 ~ 144h of isothermal aging between 350 ~ 400 DEG C.
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| CN201611065568.7A CN106756265B (en) | 2016-11-28 | 2016-11-28 | A kind of the Al-Sc-Zr-Yb alloy and its heat treatment process of high performance-price ratio high-strength highly-conductive |
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| CN108315604A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-07-24 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of Al-Yb-Zr alloys of the low Sc contents of reinforcing |
| CN110343911B (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2020-11-20 | 中南大学 | Intermediate temperature creep resistant aluminum alloy conductor material and preparation method thereof |
| CN115595474B (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-08-25 | 无锡华能电缆有限公司 | Special heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire, preparation method thereof and steel core special heat-resistant aluminum alloy stranded wire |
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| US6248453B1 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2001-06-19 | United Technologies Corporation | High strength aluminum alloy |
| CN102534318A (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2012-07-04 | 北京工业大学 | High-strength, high-conductivity and heat-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105483455B (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2017-08-25 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of Al Sc Zr Er aluminum alloy high-strength height leads the Technology for Heating Processing of state |
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