CN105483455B - A kind of Al Sc Zr Er aluminum alloy high-strength height leads the Technology for Heating Processing of state - Google Patents
A kind of Al Sc Zr Er aluminum alloy high-strength height leads the Technology for Heating Processing of state Download PDFInfo
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- CN105483455B CN105483455B CN201610035212.2A CN201610035212A CN105483455B CN 105483455 B CN105483455 B CN 105483455B CN 201610035212 A CN201610035212 A CN 201610035212A CN 105483455 B CN105483455 B CN 105483455B
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
A kind of Al Sc Zr Er aluminum alloy high-strength height leads the Technology for Heating Processing of state, belongs to technical field of alloy.Alloy is added with the Sc, the Zr of 0.193 0.213% (mass percent), the Er of 0.061 0.080% (mass percent) of 0.123 0.175% (mass percent), and surplus is other inevitable impurity and Al.Technology for Heating Processing step, first by alloy, solution treatment 48h, subsequent water quenching to room temperature at 640 ± 10 DEG C, are then heat-treated 144h or so between 350 400 DEG C respectively by solid solution state alloy.Alloy rigidity after heat treatment is up to 64HV, and corresponding yield strength is about 200MPa, and electrical conductivity is in more than 60%IACS, with significant ageing strengthening effect and good electric conductivity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal alloy compositions technical field, and in particular to a kind of aluminium alloy of process combined microalloying
The preparation process and its Technology for Heating Processing of material.
Background technology
With sustained and rapid development of economy, the demand for electric power this important energy source constantly rises, in China's copper money
Under the overall background of scarcity relatively of source, the features such as having big density, price along with it, aluminum conductor is closed by more and more extensive
Note.
Should also have some strength to support the matter of its own in addition to the electrical conductivity for requiring good as conductor material
Amount and external natural load-carrying (wind load ice load etc.).In materialogy field, improving the method for intensity of aluminum alloy has four kinds, leads to
Cross the refined crystalline strengthening of crystal grain thinning raising intensity, intensity and hardness are raised when recrystallization temperature occurs below plastic deformation, modeling
Property and toughness reduction working hardening, make certain solute element incorporate solvent in formed solid solution and make metal strength elevated solid
Molten reinforcing mutually improves the dispersion-strengtherning of intensity with by disperse educt second to hinder dislocation motion.By different methods come
While strengthening material, certain influence can be produced to the electrical conductivity of material.Research shows, after cold plastic deformation occurs for metal
Intensity, hardness rise, electric conductivity can be reduced slightly；After crystal grain refinement, because crystal grain reduces, grain boundary area increases, crystal boundary pair
The scattering process enhancing of electronics, also can make material electric conductivity slightly have reduction.In a word, the electricity of refined crystalline strengthening and working hardening to material
Conductance has a certain impact, but influence degree is smaller.And when impurity in aluminium or alloying element are in solid solution state, to the conduction of aluminium
Property have influence strongly, while when it is in and separates out state, the influence to electrical conductivity is only that the part of solid solution state is arrived
1/tens, therefore, this mode of solution strengthening can improve intensity but substantially reduce electrical conductivity, not meet wire
Reinforcing demand.In summary, to obtain being provided simultaneously with high-strength, the high aluminum conductor material led, it is necessary to meet added alloy member
Solid solubility of the element in aluminium is small as far as possible, and by certain Technology for Heating Processing after, alloying element can to the greatest extent may be used from matrix
Precipitation more than energy, forms hardening constituent of the tiny, Dispersed precipitate in matrix.
In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out numerous studies to effect of the rare earth element in aluminium alloy, these researchs master
The influence of Sc, Zr, Yb, La, Er etc. and its combined microalloying to aluminium alloy is concentrated on, wherein, it is the deepest with Sc research
Enter.During Sc is the micro alloying element with best ageing strengthening effect, Al-Sc bianry alloys in aluminium alloy, Sc maximum
Solid solubility is 0.23at.%, and when temperature is less than 450 DEG C, its solid solubility is less than 0.01at.%, therefore after heat treatment, can
A large amount of disperse educts have L12The Al of structure3Sc, so that the intensity rise of alloy.Compared with solid solution state, the microalloy of addition
Change element in the form of separating out state to exist, also increase the electrical conductivity of alloy.But it is long in high temperature because Sc diffusion coefficient is larger
Al during time timeliness3Sc precipitated phases are easily roughened, and cause the poor heat resistance of alloy.Research shows, is added in Al-Sc bianry alloys
The micro less Zr of diffusion coefficient can improve alloy heat resistance, meanwhile, it can be formed after the compound addition of Sc and Zr of high concentration
The outer Zr of small and dispersed, interior Sc have the Al of core shell structure3(Sc, Zr) second phase, reaches the synchronous raising of intensity and electrical conductivity.
But when Sc contents are relatively low, because the nuclear driving force of Zr elements is smaller than Sc, Sc, Zr be combined addition cause micro alloying element without
Method disperse educt from matrix, therefore the effect of reinforcing is not had, while Zr is present in aluminum substrate in the form of solid solution state, meeting is big
The big electric conductivity for reducing alloy.Er elements are also a kind of common micro alloying element in aluminium alloy, are had compared with Sc, Zr
The characteristics of prominent, on the premise of Er, Sc, Zr element same amount, Er nuclear driving force is bigger than Sc, Zr, when Sc concentration compared with
When low, Sc, Zr precipitation can be promoted, ultimately formed with L12The Al of structure3(Sc, Zr, Er) precipitated phase, so as to increase second
The volume fraction of phase, while also improving the electrical conductivity of alloy material, the Zr elements of precipitation are located at the outer layer of core shell structure, so that
Ensure that the second of disperse educt mutually has less radius, is finally reached the Synchronous lifting of intensity and electrical conductivity.
The characteristics of due to Sc, Zr, Er element, is different, and optimal aging temp is different, after their combined microalloyings,
Expect the alloy of above-mentioned state, it is necessary to find a kind of suitable heat treatment mode.
Therefore, the present invention is directed to Al-Sc-Zr-Er alloys, it is intended to finds a kind of suitable Technology for Heating Processing, makes addition
Micro alloying element disperse educt, obtains the second phase with larger volume fraction, small radii, so as to prepare high-strength highly-conductive
Aluminium alloy conductor material.
The content of the invention
Because Sc is a kind of expensive metal, the purpose of the present invention is with a small amount of Sc, using a kind of suitable mode
Alloy strength and electric conductivity are improved, the present invention provides a kind of Al-Sc-Zr-Er aluminium alloys by the method for combined microalloying
Technology for Heating Processing, invigoration effect is played to aluminium or alloy matrix aluminum, so as to improve the intensity and electric conductivity of aluminium alloy.
A kind of Al-Sc-Zr-Er aluminum alloy high-strengths height leads the Technology for Heating Processing of state, it is characterised in that Al-Sc-Zr-Er
With the addition of in alloy Sc, 0.193-0.213% (mass percent) of 0.123-0.175% (mass percent) Zr,
0.061-0.080% (mass percent) Er, surplus is some inevitable impurity and Al.
The preparation method of the alloy is that Al-1.8wt.%Sc is added during smelting aluminum；Al-5.5wt.%Er；Al-
What 2.9wt.%Zr intermediate alloys were realized, smelting temperature is 780 ± 10 DEG C, reaches and is incubated 15 minutes after smelting temperature, makes melt
Swage casting is carried out after middle each element distributed components, cast alloy is obtained, is then heat-treated, to obtain the alloy
Material.
Alloy heat treatment process step of the present invention includes as follows：
(1) first in 640 ± 10 DEG C of solution treatment 48h, subsequent water quenching to room temperature；
And then solid solution state alloy is heat-treated 144 ± 5h between 350-400 DEG C (2).
Combined microalloying of the invention as a result of Sc, Zr and Er, the ageing strengthening effect with highly significant makes
Alloy has the effect that is remained basically stable with high content Sc performances (intensity and electric conductivity) under relatively low Sc contents, such as accompanying drawing 2,
3rd, shown in 6,7, A1, hardness number is up to 64HV after A2 alloy agings 144h, and corresponding yield strength is about 200MPa, electrical conductivity
In more than 60%IACS, alloy has high-strength highly-conductive performance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1：300 DEG C of isothermal aging hardness curves；
Fig. 2：350 DEG C of isothermal aging hardness curves；
Fig. 3：400 DEG C of isothermal aging hardness curves；
Fig. 4：450 DEG C of isothermal aging hardness curves；
Fig. 5：300 DEG C of isothermal aging conductance profiles；
Figure:6：350 DEG C of isothermal aging conductance profiles；
Fig. 7：400 DEG C of isothermal aging conductance profiles；
Fig. 8：450 DEG C of isothermal aging conductance profiles；
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described, first in 640 ± 10 DEG C of solution treatment 48h, subsequent water
Quench to room temperature；Then solid solution state alloy carries out the isothermal aging of 1min-144h different times between 300-450 DEG C every 50 DEG C
Heat treatment.
Embodiment 1：Alloy cast ingot is prepared using graphite crucible melting and iron mould casting, raw materials used is rafifinal and Al-
1.8wt.%Sc, Al-5.5wt.%Er, Al-2.9wt.%Zr intermediate alloy.In the case where smelting temperature is 780 ± 10 DEG C, first will
Fine aluminium aluminium ingot melts, and is subsequently added Al-Sc, Al-Zr, Al-Er intermediate alloy, enters after adding carbon trichloride after intermediate alloy fusing
Row degasification, is then sufficiently stirred for, and insulation stands 15 minutes, makes to carry out swage casting in melt after each element distributed components.
The aluminium alloy of 4 kinds of heterogeneities is prepared for, its actual constituent is measured by XRF, it is as shown in table 1 below.
The technic metal composition of table 1
Embodiment 2：To the alloy in embodiment 1 after 640 ± 10 DEG C of solution treatment 48h, water quenching to room temperature then exists
350 DEG C of progress isothermal agings.Fig. 2 gives the firmness change curve of isothermal aging at 350 DEG C of alloy, it can be seen that
The hardness curve of A1, A2 alloy is divided into three parts, and early stage is precipitated phase incubation period, and subsequent hardness is with the extension of aging time
It is continuously increased, about reaches peak hardness in 1h or so, occur hardness platform afterwards, i.e., with its hardness number base of the extension of aging time
This is constant, during timeliness 144h, A1, A2 alloy rigidity value be respectively 64HV, 66HV (correspondence yield strength be about 200MPa,
206MPa), it is seen that the alloy has reinforcing effect well.Fig. 6 gives the conductance profile of isothermal aging at 350 DEG C,
It can be seen that with the extension of aging time, ascendant trend is integrally presented in electrical conductivity, during timeliness 144h, A1, No. A2 conjunction
The electrical conductivity of gold is respectively 60.02%IACS, 60.10%IACS, it is seen that alloy has good electric conductivity.In addition, No. A3 conjunction
Golden timeliness 144h hardness numbers only have 52.7HV (correspondence yield strength is about 165MPa), and its electrical conductivity also only has 58.6%
IACS.For A4 alloys, hardness (69.7HV) and electric conductivity (59.8%IACS) all very well, but A4 alloy Sc contents compared with
Height, considerably increases cost.
Embodiment 3：To the alloy in embodiment 1 after 640 ± 10 DEG C of solution treatment 48h, water quenching to room temperature is then 400
DEG C carry out isothermal aging.Fig. 3, Fig. 7 sets forth the firmness change curve and conductivity variations of isothermal aging at 400 DEG C of alloy
Curve, it can be seen that the firmness change curve of A1, A2 alloy is similar with firmness change curve described in embodiment 2,
Alloy about reaches peak hardness in 1h, respectively 62HV, 63HV (correspondence yield strength is about 194MPa, 197MPa), then goes out
Existing hardness platform, and alloys peak hardness can stablize holding more than 100h.A1, A2 alloy aging 144h electrical conductivity are up to
60.29%IACS, 60.51%IACS, it is seen that the alloy has good high-strength highly-conductive performance, and for A3 alloy agings
Although electrical conductivity is in more than 60%IACS after 144h, its hardness only has 53.8HV, and yield strength is also less than 170MPa.
Comparative example 1：To the alloy in embodiment 1 after 640 ± 10 DEG C of solution treatment 48h, water quenching to room temperature is then 300
DEG C carry out isothermal aging.Fig. 1, Fig. 5 sets forth the firmness change curve and conductivity variations of isothermal aging at 300 DEG C of alloy
Curve, from hardness curve as can be seen that firmness change curve described in the firmness change curve and embodiment 2 of A1, A2 alloy
Similar, its peak timeliness hardness number is respectively 60HV, 66HV (correspondence yield strength is about 187MPa, 206MPa), from electrical conductivity song
Line can be seen that the electrical conductivity of A1, A2 alloy is respectively 56.91%IACS, 57.66%IACS, be moved back relative to the first two temperature
Fire, the reinforcing effect of alloy is basically unchanged, but its electric conductivity is substantially reduced.
Comparative example 2：To the alloy in embodiment 1 after 640 ± 10 DEG C of solution treatment 48h, water quenching to room temperature is then 450
DEG C carry out isothermal aging.Fig. 4, Fig. 8 sets forth the firmness change curve and conductivity variations of isothermal aging at 450 DEG C of alloy
Curve, from conductance profile as can be seen that the electrical conductivity of A1, A2 alloy is respectively 60.41%IACS, 60.57%IACS, from
Hardness curve can be seen that the hardness number of A1, A2 alloy be respectively 50HV, 52HV (correspondence yield strength be about 156MPa,
162MPa), relative to 350 DEG C, 400 DEG C of annealing, the electric conductivity of alloy is basically unchanged, but it is strengthened effect and substantially reduced.
For comparative example 1, anneal after 144h, the hardness number of alloy is in more than 60HV, but its electrical conductivity only has 57%IACS,
The electric conductivity of alloy is bad；For comparative example 2, the electrical conductivity of alloy is up to 60.4%IACS or so, but its hardness number only has
50HV or so, the reinforcing effect of alloy is bad；For embodiment 2,3, alloy rigidity value is up to 64HV, and corresponding yield strength reaches
200MPa, electrical conductivity is in more than 60%IACS, and alloy has high-strength highly-conductive performance.So the optimum treatment process of alloy is
Between 350-400 DEG C.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of Al-Sc-Zr-Er aluminum alloy high-strengths height leads the Technology for Heating Processing of state, it is characterised in that Al-Sc-Zr-Er is closed
Sc, 0.193-0.213% (mass percent) of 0.123-0.175% (mass percent) Zr, 0.061- are with the addition of in gold
The Er of 0.080% (mass percent), surplus is some inevitable impurity and Al；
Cast alloy Technology for Heating Processing step is included as follows：
(1) first in 640 ± 10 DEG C of solution treatment 48h, subsequent water quenching to room temperature；
And then solid solution state alloy is heat-treated 144 ± 5h between 350-400 DEG C (2).
2. Technology for Heating Processing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the alloy rigidity value Jing Guo Technology for Heating Processing reaches
64HV, corresponding yield strength reaches 200MPa, and electrical conductivity is in more than 60%IACS.
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| CN106872783B (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2019-10-11 | 东北大学 | Come into being Al in aluminium zirconium hardener3The detection method of Zr phased soln degree |
| US11408061B2 (en) | 2019-10-01 | 2022-08-09 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | High temperature, creep-resistant aluminum alloy microalloyed with manganese, molybdenum and tungsten |
| CN114000017A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2022-02-01 | 湖南稀土金属材料研究院 | High-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114045418B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-03-17 | 湖南稀土金属材料研究院有限责任公司 | Aluminum alloy material and preparation method and application thereof |
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