CN106755409B - 一种用于诊断和治疗上皮肿瘤的分子标记 - Google Patents
一种用于诊断和治疗上皮肿瘤的分子标记 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种用于诊断和治疗上皮肿瘤的分子标记,所述分子标志为融合基因BCL6‑SPECC1L,所述融合基因同时包含基因BCL6和基因SPECC1L的部分序列。本发明的分子标志,有助于肿瘤的早期诊断以及治疗,提高筛查效率,降低筛查成本,为个体化治疗提供方向,改善病人的存活率和生存质量。另外,本发明还公开一种用于肿瘤临床病理特征和/或预后判断的诊断制剂,所述制剂中含有可检测融合基因BCL6‑SPECC1L或其表达产物的试剂。同时,本发明还公开一种治疗肿瘤的生物制剂,所述生物制剂下调融合基因BCL6‑SPECC1L在肿瘤细胞中的表达量或使融合基因BCL6‑SPECC1L融合蛋白不表达。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种分子标记,尤其涉及一种将肿瘤特异性的融合基因作为肿瘤诊断分子标志及临床治疗的分子靶标。
背景技术
随着社会的发展,人们生活环境及饮食习惯等的变迁,恶性肿瘤已经成为人类健康的头号杀手之一,近年来在全球范围内患病人数不断增加,为全球经济和人类社会的发展带来了沉重的负担。
恶性肿瘤的发生发展是多步骤并伴随多基因遗传或表观遗传发生变化的过程。鉴定致瘤性的遗传异常是肿瘤研究的一个重要目标,能够为肿瘤治疗提供潜在的靶点。其中值得注意的是,染色体重排导致两基因的融合,作为一种新的突变形式在肿瘤发病过程中起着关键作用,它的发现扩展了肿瘤基因的范畴。
融合基因作为肿瘤基因新类型,其促进肿瘤发生和恶性转化主要通过两种方式:第一,一个基因的启动子或/和增强子元件等由于染色体重排异常地跟一个原癌基因紧靠在一起,驱使癌基因的异常表达,例如B细胞肿瘤IG-MYC、T细胞肿瘤TCR-MYC导致癌基因MYC活化;第二,两基因融合产生有新功能的融合蛋白,例如BCR-ABL1。然而,超过80%的已知融合基因存在于仅占人类肿瘤的10%的白血病、淋巴瘤、骨及软组织肉瘤中,而在较为常见上皮性实体瘤却只发现10%融合基因。
近年来随着分析及检测方法的进步,肿瘤学家分别在50%前列腺癌和1-5%肺癌(5-10%非小细胞肺癌)发现新的融合基因TMPRSS2-ERG,EML4-ALK,并进一步阐明它们的致癌机制,为前列腺癌和肺癌的分型诊断和靶向治疗奠定基础。可见染色体重排导致两基因融合同样可以是上皮性实体瘤的癌变机制之一。融合基因因其在肿瘤细胞特异性表达,可作为理想的治疗靶点,例如针对CML的融合基因BCR-ABL设计的分子靶向药物imatinib/Gleevec已经在临床得到应用,同样地临床前及临床1期、2期数据表明ALK激酶抑制剂对治疗EML4-ALK阳性病人有效,因此癌症的融合基因的研究已经日益成为热点。
BCL6基因位于3号染色体长臂3q27,以转录本NM_001706为例。其转录的mRNA包含9个外显子,编码706个氨基酸。BCL6与多种淋巴肿瘤相关,并且在淋巴肿瘤中存在多种融合基因,但是不存在BCL6-SPECC1L的存在。
SPECC1L基因位于22号染色体长臂22q11,以转录本NM_001145468为例,其转录mRNA包含16个外显子,编码1117个氨基酸。该基因与细胞骨架相关,与肿瘤相关报道较少。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足之处而提供一种用于诊断和治疗上皮肿瘤的分子标记,所述分子标记为肿瘤的诊断及临床治疗提供了新的分子靶标。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:一种用于诊断和治疗上皮肿瘤的分子标记,其特征在于,所述分子标志为融合基因BCL6-SPECC1L,所述融合基因同时包含基因BCL6和基因SPECC1L的部分序列。
优选的,所述融合基因BCL6-SPECC1L至少包含如下序列:
BCL6部分:
ATGGCCTCGCCGGCTGACAGCTGTATCCAGTTCACCCGCCATGCCAGTGATGTTCTTCTCAACCTTAATCGTCTCCGGAGTCGAGACATCTTGACTGATGTTGTCATTGTTGTGAGCCGTGAGCAGTTTAGAGCCCATAAAACGGTCCTCATGGCCTGCAGT;
SPECC1L部分:
GTGTTCTTGGGGAAGATCCCGACTAAGCCATTTTCCAGTGGCACCTCTTCCATCATGAGTTCCTGA。
优选的,所述融合基因BCL6-SPECC1L的融合形式为BCL6exon 7/9:SPECC1L exon2/17(5’-BCL6exon7-SPECC1Lexon2-3’)。
优选的,所述制剂中含有可检测权利要求1~3任意一项所述的分子标志或其表达产物的试剂。
优选的,所述肿瘤选自头颈部肿瘤。
优选的,所述肿瘤选自鼻咽癌、喉癌或口腔部鳞癌。
优选的,所述生物制剂下调融合基因BCL6-SPECC1L在肿瘤细胞中的表达量或使融合基因BCL6-SPECC1L融合蛋白不表达。
优选的,所述生物制剂含有融合基因BCL6-SPECC1L的siRNA或融合基因BCL6-SPECC1L的抗体。
优选的,所述抗体为融合基因BCL6-SPECC1L的蛋白特异性兔多克隆抗体。
优选的,所述抗体的氨基酸序列为:VFLGKIPKPFSSGTSSIMSS。
本发明的有益效果在于,本发明所述分子标记有助于肿瘤的早期诊断以及治疗,提高筛查效率,降低筛查成本,为个体化治疗提供方向,改善病人的存活率和生存质量;本发明所述诊断制剂,通过检测融合基因的表达情况,可以对肿瘤进行早期筛查,有助于肿瘤的早期介入和预防。
附图说明
图1为利用RNA-seq发现鼻咽癌存在新的融合基因BCL6-SPECC1L,1A为转录组测序发现融合基因及跨融合断裂位点序列,1B为运用sanger测序方法鉴定转录组和基因组融合位点,1C为预测断裂基因组断裂方式,1D为预测蛋白转录融合方式;
图2为鉴定出融合基因BCL6-SPECC1L的mRNA全长,并预测出蛋白序列,并设计出特异性抗体,2A为阳性样品cDNA进行PCR验证融合基因胶图,2B为阳性样品基因组DNA进行融合基因验证胶图,2C&2D为预测转录本和蛋白编码序列,2E为设计特异性针对特异表位的抗体anti-BS与阳性对照抗体对比图;
图3为过表达融合基因BCL6-SPECC1L和BCL6发现融合基因丢失BCL6的抑癌作用,3A为融合基因BCL6-SPECC1L失去BCL6在HNE1中对增殖的抑制作用,3B为融合基因定位发生核浆的改变,3C为融合基因失去对含有BCL6结合位点luciferase的抑制作用。
具体实施方式
为更好地说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点,下面将结合具体实施例及附图对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1融合基因BCL6-SPECC1L的发现
本申请发明人采用paired-end RNA-seq方法对10例鼻咽癌组织RNA进行全转录组分析。经过强大计算机集群对测序的海量数据进行预处理后,利用融合基因检测流程,在测序样品271中发现新融合基因BCL6-SPECC1L,具体实验步骤如下:
1)收集新鲜10例鼻咽癌组织组织,置于RNA later溶液中,4℃浸泡过夜后,在-80℃长期储存;
2)利用OMEGA生物制剂公司的E.Z.N.A.total DNA/RNA分离试剂盒(R6731-02,200次)提取及纯化组织的总RNA和DNA;
具体步骤如下:
(1)研磨组织:
a)洗净所用的研钵和研杵,然后浸泡在医用消毒液中过夜(约12个小时左右),次日用清水冲洗干净后擦干,用锡箔纸包裹好研钵和研杵,放入烤箱中用180℃烘烤3个小时备用。(用锡箔纸包裹是防止研钵和研杵在烘烤过后使用前,有异物或RNA酶污染。)从-80℃冰箱取出所需的组织,放入研钵中,加入液氮冷冻组织后将组织研磨成粉末,标记好组织编号。此步骤需注意:先研磨非癌组织,再研磨肿瘤组织,尽量避免交叉污染;
b)每20-30mg的组织加入700μl的GTC Lysis Buffer,收集入1.5ml EP管中,用10ml的一次性注射器反复抽打,使组织更好的裂解;
c)13000×g室温离心5min,将上清移至已经插入2ml收集管的HiBindTMDNA Column中,离心一分钟,13000×g/min;
d)将收集管里的液体分别移到1.5ml的EP管中,此步骤之后DNA和RNA就分开提取。
(2)RNA提取:
a)加入与1.5ml EP管中等体积的70%的乙醇(约350μl),此时可看到白色沉淀,上下颠倒几次后用震荡器剧烈震荡15sec以上;
b)将液体转移至HiBindTM RNA分离柱中,≥10000×g离心1min,弃掉收集管中离心出来的液体;
c)向HiBindTM RNA分离柱中加入500μl RNAWash BufferⅠ,≥10000×g离心1min,弃掉收集管中离心出来的液体;
d)向HiBindTM RNA分离柱中加入500μl RNAWash BufferⅡ,≥10000×g离心1min,弃掉收集管中离心出来的液体;
e)重复第d)的步骤;
f)将空的HiBindTM RNA分离柱,离心,≥10000×g,2min;
g)丢掉上一步所用的收集管,将HiBindTM RNA分离柱放入新的1.5ml EP管中,向HiBindTM RNA分离柱中心滴加40μl的DEPC水,室温孵育3min后离心,≥10000×g,2min。离心下来的为RNA,分装后放入-80℃中保存。
(3)DNA提取:
a)将HiBindTM DNA分离柱插入新的2ml的收集管中;
b)向HiBindTM DNA分离柱中加入500μl的HB Buffer,离心,≥10000×g,1min;弃去收集管里的液体;
c)向HiBindTM DNA分离柱中加入700μl DNAWash Buffer,离心,≥10000×g,1min;弃去收集管里的液体;
d)将空的HiBindTM DNA分离柱中离心,≥10000×g,2min;
e)将HiBindTM DNA分离柱放入新的1.5ml EP管中,向每个HiBindTM DNA分离柱中心滴加60μl Elution Buffer。室温孵育3min后离心,≥10000×g,2min。提取的DNA分装后放在-80℃保存。
3)将纯化好的总RNA干冰运送到深圳华大基因公司,利用agilent 2100检测,质检合格后进行测序文库的构建与测序:
(1)总RNA用带有Oligo(dT)的磁珠富集真核生物mRNA;
(2)加入fragmentation buffer将mRNA打断成短片段;
(3)以mRNA为模板,用六碱基随机引物(random hexamers)合成第一条cDNA链,然后加入缓冲液、dNTPs、RNase H和DNA polymerase I合成第二条cDNA链;
(4)经过QiaQuick PCR试剂盒纯化并加EB缓冲液洗脱之后做末端修复、加polyA并连接测序接头;
(5)琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行片段大小选择,约200bp,进行PCR扩增;
(6)在Illumina HiSeqTM 2000平台进行paird-end测序;
4)利用生物信息分析方法,对测序数据进行处理,利用一套成熟的流程检测样品中的融合基因,并发现融合基因BCL6-SPECC1L,见图1A。
实施例2鼻咽癌新融合基因BCL6-SPECC1L的鉴定
根据RNA-seq reads比对结果,本发明的发明人在RNA融合位点两端设计引物,联用PCR扩增以及sanger测序在测序样品271中验证BCL6-SPECC1L的存在,引物序列:
BCL6-SPECC1L-RT-sense:
5’-ATGGCCTCGCCGGCTGACAGCTGTA-3’;
BCL6-SPECC1L-RT-antisense:
5’-TCAGGAACTCATGATGGAAGAGGTG-3’。
实验步骤如下:
1)RNA逆转录cDNA
使用Invitrigen公司的M-MLV逆转录试剂盒(Invitrogen,Carlsbad,CA.C28025-032),按说明书用Oligo(dT)为逆转录引物,取1μg总RNA进行逆转录,逆转录体系共20μl冰上操作,配置体系如下:
共10μl体系,在PCR仪中完成变性过程,65℃5min,4℃至少1min;取出反应体系立即置于冰上,立即配置如下反应体系:
加入标记好的EP管中各10μl,在PCR仪中完成如下步骤:
37℃50min;70℃终止反应15min;4℃forever将上述逆转录好的cDNA分装保存-20℃备用。
2)PCR扩增
使用TaKaRa公司TaqTM Hot Start Version,按说明书使用BCL6-SPECC1L检测引物,配置50μl PCR体系如下:
在PCR热循环仪上完成PCR过程:预变性95℃5min变性95℃30sec退火60℃30sec延伸72℃1min 72℃10min 4℃forever循环数:45cycles;
3)取5μl PCR产物跑琼脂糖电泳鉴定特异性扩增,结果见图2A;
4)剩下PCR产物送去Invitrogen公司,在3500遗传分析仪平台进行sanger测序,测序鉴定见图1B上;
5)对测序结果进行比对分析,证实新融合基因BCL6-SPECC1L存在。
实施例3基因组融合位点的鉴定
为了进一步证明BCL6与SPECC1L间的融合是由于染色体重排产生的,利用TaKaRa公司的TaKaRa LAHot Start Version,以基因组DNA为模板,使用同一对引物进行long Range PCR扩增,对扩增产物进行sanger测序,鉴定基因组融合位点,实验步骤如下:
设计基因组引物:BS-genomic-f:CAGCGAGAGCCACTCACCACTCTAC;BS-genomic-r:GATTTAAAATTGGCTCTACCCCACC。
1)配置50μl PCR反应体系:
2)PCR扩增:
95℃5min 95℃30sec 58℃30sec 72℃5min 10cycles 5min+10sec/cycle35cycles 72℃10min 4℃forever;
3)取5μl PCR产物跑琼脂糖电泳,明确扩增出特异条带;
4)剩下PCR产物送到Invitrogen公司,在3500遗传分析仪平台进行sanger测序分析;
5)测序结果进行比对分析,明确基因组融合位点。
从图1B的下图可知,琼脂糖电泳结果显示以测序样品271的DNA为模板,利用longrange PCR特异地扩增出约4.5kb的片段,见图2B,测序结果证实BCL6与SPECC1L间的融合发生在DNA水平(测序鉴定见图1B下),具体基因组融合序列为:AAATTTGCATGGCATTAAAGATGTTCCTATTCTGATCATTGTT,融合位点为chr3:187446134-chr22:24669692(hg19)。
6)预测融合形式及全长序列
通过转录组基因组融合位点的鉴定,预测染色体融合形式如图1C。预测mRNA融合形式见图1D上,编码蛋白RNA序列见图2C;预测蛋白结构域融合形式见图1D下,具体序列见图2D。
实施例4融合基因及野生型基因功能研究
通过功能性实验,发明人认为BCL6-SPECC1L融合基因可通过破坏BCL6抑癌基因的功能从而促进肿瘤进展
(1)引物设计与合成(Invitrogen公司)
BCL6-SPECC1L-full length-sense:
5’-CGGGATCCCAGCGAGAGCCACTCACCACTCTAC-3’;
BCL6-SPECC1L-full length-antisense:
5’-CGGAATTCGATTTAAAATTGGCTCTACCCCACC-3’;
(2)PCR扩增
采用Takara公司的primer start高保真DNA聚合酶,模板是包含该融合方式的鼻咽癌标本cDNA,反应体系如下:
(3)琼脂糖电泳以及胶回收
配置1%琼脂糖胶;
1g琼脂糖粉;
100ml 1XTAE电泳缓冲液;
胶回收用的是天根公司的胶回收试剂盒(DP209),并按照说明书操作。
(4)胶回收的PCR以及pCDNA3.1(+)空载体酶切
50μl酶切体系配置:
37℃孵育30min以上;
(5)琼脂糖电泳及胶回收,步骤同上,其中回收产物用20μl ddH2O洗脱,空载用50μl ddH2O洗脱。
(6)连接
15μl连接体系
16℃连接30min以上。
(7)连接产物转化
根据天根公司的DH5α感受态细胞(CB101)转化步骤进行。
(8)挑单克隆
10μl枪头挑至少2个菌落至含100ng/ml氨苄抗生素的LB培养基,37℃摇床培养12-20h。
(9)小提质粒
按照天根公司小提质粒的试剂盒说明书的步骤进行。
(10)酶切鉴定
酶切体系同上。
(11)琼脂糖电泳,目的片段大小判断;
(12)鉴定正确的质粒送测序,鉴定没有突变;
(13)质粒大量提纯:
测序鉴定没有突变的质粒,需要经行质粒的大量提取,本发明人所在实验室采用氯化铯密度梯度离心法。
(14)磷酸钙转染和磷酸钙包装逆转录病毒
a)提前一天铺293FT细胞,因为细胞贴壁不牢,培养皿需要用明胶预先处理:在10cm培养板中加2-3ml 0.1%的明胶覆盖培养皿底部在37度放置至少15min;
b)消化293FT细胞,吸走培养皿中的明胶,10cm培养皿铺1-1.2x106细胞数,放培养箱内培养
c)24h后,待细胞密度达40%左右时,进行磷酸钙转染:
加反应体系:
I.目的质粒稀释至1ug/ul,病毒包装质粒PIK也稀释至1ug/ul;
II.取1.5ml离心管,每管加20-25ul目的质粒,然后加等量PIK;
III.加100ul超纯水;
IV.加50ul 1M的CaCl2;
V.加200ul HBS(PH=6.75),缓慢逐滴加入,混匀。
d)EP管在室温下静置15-30min;
e)将待转染的293FT细胞取出,吸走部分培养基,是剩下的培养基4-5ml;
f)将待转染的质粒(DNA-磷酸钙沉淀)均匀滴入转染细胞培养皿,轻轻摇动使混匀;
g)每培养皿中加40ul氯喹(终浓度25uM),轻轻混匀;
h)37度,5%CO2培养箱中培养6小时;
i)6小时候后,从培养箱中取出细胞,小心吸去培养基;
j)用1x的solution A洗细胞两次,轻轻摇晃,至沉淀全部溶解;
k)培养皿加入含10%FBS的新鲜培养基6.5ml在37度,5%CO2培养箱中培养。
(15)病毒收集和细胞感染
a)18小时后,开始收集病毒,每4小时收集一次,用注射器吸取培养皿上清,0.45um过滤器进行过滤。病毒液可以直接用于感染细胞;
b)病毒液也可以保存于病毒冻存管中,-80度保存。
2×HBS(PH=6.75):
50mmol/L HEPES,
130mmol/L NaCl,
1.5mmol/L NaH2PO4-Na2HPO4
调PH=6.75
过滤后分装4度保存
1mol/L CaCl2:111g CaCl2溶于900ml水中,搅拌溶解,定容至1000ml,过滤。
(16)建立稳定细胞株
病毒2天内感染3次后,加入含抗生素puromycin(1ug/ml)培养基培养5天,注意每隔两天换液,待细胞生长正常后收取蛋白和RNA用于鉴定。
(17)MTT assay
a)消化细胞并计数;
b)取200μl细胞悬液含2000cell加入96孔板内,每组设6个平行的复孔,连续测6天;
c)5%CO2、37℃培养;
d)实验中止前4h加入5mg/ml MTT液20μl,继续培养4h;
e)弃去培养液,每孔加入200μl DMSO,37℃10分钟,待结晶溶解后在酶联检测仪上检测490nm波长下每孔的OD值;
f)待6天检测完后,利用每天的OD值做生长曲线。见图3A可以看出融合基因失去了BCL6在鼻咽癌细胞株中HNE1的抑制增殖的功能。
(18)免疫荧光实验
a)在24孔板中放入经消毒的盖薄片
b)消化细胞,每孔接种的细胞数为5*104
c)24小时后,弃去培养基,PBS洗,5min*2次(摇床快洗)
d)4%多聚甲醛固定10min,PBS洗,5min*2次(摇床快洗)
e)5%BSA室温封闭20分钟
f)用PBST(T为Triton X-100,配置PBST的浓度为0.1%)冰上破膜10min
g)然后用5%BSA稀释一抗anti-flag(1:100),4℃过夜。
h)PBST(T为吐温)(洗液的PBST中T均为吐温)洗,5min*5次
i)用PBS稀释荧光二抗anti-mouse(1:1000),室温45min(避光)
j)PBST(T为吐温)洗,5min*5次(避光)
k)DAPI孵育,室温5min,PBST(T为吐温)洗,5min*1次(避光)
l)antifade(抗淬灭剂)封片,荧光显微镜或荧光共聚焦下观察拍照,结果见图3B,发现融合基因为细胞浆定位,而BCL6定位与细胞核,说明融合基因发生了核浆定位改变从而失去了BCL6在细胞核中影响基因表达的转录因子功能。
(19)荧光素酶报告基因实验
a)消化293T细胞成单个,计数,24孔板,1*105个/well;
b)24h后,用lipo3000转染质粒进入293T细胞中;
c)培养24h后,吸去培养基,用PBS洗弃一次;
d)每孔加入100ul细胞裂解液PLB,室温裂解摇15min,然后转入EP管中;
e)然后放在荧光发光仪上,分别加入LAR2和STOP&Glo来检测萤光虫萤光素酶活性和海肾萤光素酶活性;
f)最后见过见图3C,发现融合基因与BCL6的DNA结合功能域缺失突变体BCL61-513一样,失去了对BCL6-reporter的抑制功能。
(20)特异性抗体的制备
根据融合基因BCL6-SPECC1L会特异性表达蛋白序列VFLGKIPTKPFSSGTSSIMSS,并且该序列并没有在人类蛋白组上有同源序列,因此根据该特异性序列与艾比玛特生物医药(上海)有限公司合作,针对该多肽设计兔多克隆抗体,得到多克隆抗体anti-BS,然后通过WB实验,见图2E,验证发现该抗体能特异结合融合基因BCL6-SPECC1L。说明该抗体具有靶向特异性检测与靶向治疗的潜力。
实施例5BCL6-SPECC1L在多种上皮肿瘤的临床标本上表达
进一步验证BCL6-SPECC1L是否为鼻咽癌特异性的融合基因,本发明人采用PCR扩增和sanger法测序联用的方法,在47例头颈鳞癌、143例食管癌以及206例鼻咽癌临床标本检测BCL6-SPECC1L的表达。结果显示:头颈鳞癌和食管癌发现1例标本表达该融合基因,证实BCL6-SPECC1L并不是鼻咽癌特异性的。
最后所应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种用于诊断鼻咽癌肿瘤的分子标志 ,其特征在于,所述分子标志为融合基因BCL6-SPECC1L,所述融合基因同时是由基因BCL6的部分序列和基因SPECC1L的部分序列构成;其中,基因BCL6的部分序列为:
ATGGCCTCGCCGGCTGACAGCTGTATCCAGTTCACCCGCCATGCCAGTGATGTTCTTCTCAACCTTAATCGTCTCCGGAGTCGAGACATCTTGACTGATGTTGTCATTGTTGTGAGCCGTGAGCAGTTTAGAGCCCATAAAACGGTCCTCATGGCCTGCAGT;
基因SPECC1L的部分序列为:
GTGTTCTTGGGGAAGATCCCGACTAAGCCATTTTCCAGTGGCACCTCTTCCATCATGAGTTCCTGA;
所述融合基因BCL6-SPECC1L的融合形式为BCL6exon 7:SPECC1L exon 2。
2.一种诊断制剂,所述的诊断制剂用于肿瘤临床病理特征,其特征在于,所述制剂中含有可检测权利要求1所述的分子标志或其表达产物的试剂。
3.如权利要求2所述的诊断制剂,其特征在于,所述肿瘤选自鼻咽癌、食管癌或头颈鳞癌。
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