CN106753478B - Solid fuel staged combustion device and staged combustion method thereof - Google Patents
Solid fuel staged combustion device and staged combustion method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106753478B CN106753478B CN201611107749.1A CN201611107749A CN106753478B CN 106753478 B CN106753478 B CN 106753478B CN 201611107749 A CN201611107749 A CN 201611107749A CN 106753478 B CN106753478 B CN 106753478B
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- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 101
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/04—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of powdered coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/18—Apparatus
- C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
- F23H5/00—Double grates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
- F23H7/00—Inclined or stepped grates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
A solid fuel staged combustion device and a staged combustion method thereof relate to a combustion device and a combustion method thereof, the device comprises a fuel bin and solid combustion part (1), a gaseous combustion part (2), a staged air supply part (3) and a plurality of groups of fire grate parts (4), wherein the fuel bin and the solid combustion part (1) comprise a feed inlet (1.1), a newly added fuel layer (1.2), a dry pyrolysis layer (1.3) and a solid combustion layer (1.4); the gas combustion part (2) is positioned at one side of the fuel bin and the solid combustion part (1) and comprises a gas suction contraction section (2.1), a mixed cracking section (2.2) and a diffusion section (2.3); the grading air supply part (3) comprises primary air supply (3.1) at the bottom, and secondary air supply (3.2) and tertiary air supply (3.3) which are connected with the gaseous combustion part (2), and the primary air supply and the tertiary air supply are preheated; the staged combustion method can realize the complete combustion of solid components and gaseous components in the solid fuel, and really realizes the clean combustion of the solid fuel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a combustion method thereof, in particular to a solid fuel staged combustion device and a staged combustion method thereof.
Background
The solid fuel combustion emission is one of important sources of atmospheric pollutants, the regional atmospheric environment and the human health of residents are directly affected, and the typical cases at present are south Asia brown clouds and serious dust-haze pollution in China. According to the latest statistics of the world health organization, about 30 hundred million people cannot obtain clean energy currently in the world, and solid fuels such as coal, straw, firewood and the like are still used for cooking and heating, most of the solid fuels are in middle-low income countries, so that 4.30 million people in the world die early.
The combustion of solid fuel is obviously different from the use of clean energy. The combustion thereof not only involves the combustion of solid components but also the combustion of volatile components in the fuel. Extensive three-stone type combustion and bottom air supply upper portion direct combustion type just burn can not guarantee the complete combustion of solid component and gaseous component, and the outstanding expression leads to the burning to be interrupted after new fuel adds the quick cooling to a large amount of poisonous and harmful atmospheric pollutants are continuously discharged, show as the phenomenon that dense smoke directly emits.
The decoupling combustion device and the co-combustion device which are researched recently are improved to a certain extent for the conventional combustion device and technology, the problems of low combustion efficiency and unstable process of the solid fuel are well solved, the combustion efficiency of solid components in the solid fuel is improved to a certain extent, but the decoupling combustion device and the co-combustion device are only suitable for the solid fuel with low volatile components when the combustion problem of the volatile components is solved, and the problem of insufficient combustion still exists for the fuel with relatively high volatile components. There is great variability in the ratio of solid to volatile (or vaporous) components of the solid fuel, with the volatile component being in the range of 4% to 90%. The incomplete combustion of the volatile matter can directly generate a large amount of harmful substances such as coal tar, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, carbon black and the like, and the harmful substances have serious influence on the atmospheric environment and the human health.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a solid fuel staged combustion device and a staged combustion method thereof, wherein the solid fuel staged combustion method is designed according to the combustion characteristics of solid components and gaseous components of solid fuel combustion and the combination of the characteristics of solid combustion and gas combustion, the principles of clear functional area differentiation and scientific combustion are realized in the combustion device, the complete combustion of the solid components and the gaseous components in the solid fuel is realized in a staged manner, and the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction are realized in a real sense.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a solid fuel staged combustion device comprises a fuel bin, a solid combustion part, a gaseous combustion part, a staged air supply part and a plurality of groups of fire grate parts; the fuel bin and the solid combustion part comprise a feed inlet, a newly added fuel layer, a drying pyrolysis layer and a solid combustion layer from top to bottom; the gas combustion part is positioned on one side of the fuel bin and the solid combustion part and comprises an air suction contraction section, a mixed cracking section and a diffusion section from bottom to top; the grading air supply part comprises primary air supply at the bottom, and secondary air supply and tertiary air supply which are connected with the gaseous combustion part; the multiple groups of fire grates comprise an inclined fire grate and a horizontal fire grate which are positioned at the bottom of the solid combustion layer and the top of the primary air supply, and fixed fire grates which are positioned at the bottom of the gas combustion part and have the same height as the horizontal fire grate.
In the solid fuel staged combustion device, the fuel bin and the side of the solid combustion layer in the solid combustion part are directly connected with the air suction contraction section, and the thickness of the air suction contraction section is equivalent to the height of the air suction contraction section; the dry pyrolysis layer is close to the upper part of the solid combustion layer, and the thickness of the dry pyrolysis layer is equivalent to that of the solid combustion layer; the newly added fuel layer is positioned at the upper part of the dry pyrolysis layer, the thickness of the newly added fuel layer is not required, and the newly added fuel layer only needs to reach the feed port; the feed inlet is positioned at the upper part of the newly added fuel layer, the position is not limited to the right upper part, and the feed inlet can be also arranged at the side or the inclined opening, and only the feed inlet needs to be fed to the fuel bin.
In the solid fuel staged combustion device, the gas combustion part is a Venturi combustor, the mixing and cracking section is a cylindrical mixing tube, the diameter of the mixing and cracking section is equivalent to the length of the mixing tube, and the length of the mixing and cracking section is not less than 10 cm; the air suction contraction section is positioned below the mixed cracking section and is close to the side of the solid combustion layer, the width of the air suction contraction section is larger than the diameter of the mixing pipe, the height of the air suction contraction section is not less than 0.6 time of the length of the mixing pipe and not more than 1.5 times of the length of the mixing pipe, the contraction opening of the air suction contraction section is positioned at the lower end of the mixing pipe, and a secondary air supply outlet is arranged around the contraction opening; the diffusion section is located on the mixed cracking section, the width of the diffusion section is larger than the diameter of the mixing tube, the height of the diffusion section is not lower than the length of the mixing tube, the diffusion opening is located at the upper end of the mixing tube, three-stage air supply outlets are arranged on the periphery of the diffusion section, and the upper portion of the diffusion section is connected with heat exchange equipment.
According to the solid fuel staged combustion device, each stage of air supply parts in the staged air supply parts are independent of each other and can be independently adjusted, and each stage of air supply is preheated and then used, so that clean and efficient combustion of different solid fuels is realized. The primary air supply is arranged below the same side of the fuel bin and the solid combustion part and comprises an air inlet and an air inlet channel (namely a first slag removing chamber); the secondary air supply is arranged around the lower part of the solid combustion layer, the air inlet is positioned on the front side of the furnace body, and the channel directly reaches the gaseous combustion part after bypassing the front side and two sides of the furnace body and is connected with the lower air inlet channel on the periphery of the mixing pipe; the three-stage air supply is arranged around the middle part of the solid combustion layer and is closely adjacent to the upper side of the secondary air supply channel, the air inlet is positioned on the front side of the furnace body, and the channel directly reaches the gaseous combustion part after bypassing the front side and the two sides of the furnace body and is connected with the upper air inlet channel on the periphery of the mixing pipe.
According to the solid fuel staged combustion device, the inclined fire grates of the plurality of fire grate parts are double-layer movable fire grates, the distance between the double layers is not less than 3cm, the angle formed by the fire grate surface and the front surface of the furnace body is 0-90 degrees, the lower end of the upper layer of the fire grates and the horizontal fire grate are at the same height, and only small gaps (generally not more than 2 cm) exist; the horizontal fire grate is a double-layer movable fire grate, the distance between the double layers is not less than 3cm, one section of the fire grate is closely adjacent to one end of the inclined fire grate, the other end of the fire grate is closely adjacent to a partition wall between the first slag removing chamber and the second slag removing chamber, and gaps at the two ends of the fire grate are not more than 2 cm; the fixed grate is a single-layer fixed grate and is arranged above the second slag removing chamber and below the air suction contraction section, and the span of the fixed grate is directly connected with the rear wall of the furnace body and the partition wall of the slag removing chamber.
In the solid fuel staged combustion device, all stages of air supply parts of the staged air supply part are preheated for use, wherein the primary air supply enters a first slag cleaning chamber to be primarily heated, then reaches a double-grate middle layer to be further heated at high temperature, and finally reaches a solid combustion layer; after the secondary air supply enters a secondary air supply channel, the channel only surrounds a high-temperature solid combustion layer, so that the secondary air supply is heated by radiation, then reaches a mixed cracking section of a Venturi burner, and is further heated, so that the temperature for directly supporting combustion is reached; after the tertiary air supply enters the tertiary air supply channel, the channel only surrounds the high-temperature solid combustion layer, so that the temperature is increased by radiation, and then the tertiary air supply reaches the mixing and cracking section of the Venturi burner, and is further heated, so that the high temperature for directly supporting combustion is achieved.
A method of staged combustion of a solid fuel, the method comprising the steps of:
1) newly added fuel reaches the dry pyrolysis layer, the solid fuel is subjected to drying and volatile component removal processes to realize separation of fixed carbon and volatile components, the pyrolyzed volatile component substances are gaseous substances at high temperature of the dry pyrolysis layer, such as coal tar, hydrocarbons and the like with large molecular weight, and the separated fixed carbon is a solid component which is difficult to volatilize at high temperature of the dry pyrolysis layer in the solid fuel, namely separation of two large combustible components in the solid fuel is realized;
2) After solid combustible components separated in the step 1) enter a solid combustion layer, fully combusting under an oxygen-enriched condition under the action of primary air supply after preheating until the components are completely combusted;
3) step 1) the separated gaseous substances pass through a high-temperature solid combustion layer under the action of negative pressure to carry out preliminary cracking on macromolecular substances such as coal tar and the like, wherein the micromolecular substances such as hydrocarbons, hydrogen and the like are mixed and combusted with the excess air of primary air to maintain the high temperature and flame transmission of the gaseous fuel components;
4) the micromolecule substances and the incompletely cracked macromolecular substances generated in the step 3) enter a venturi combustor contraction section under the action of negative pressure of a chimney, are further mixed with preheated secondary air, then enter a mixed cracking section for mixed combustion in a vortex motion, so that the macromolecules such as coal tar and the like are fully cracked, and the continuation of high-temperature flame is maintained by the combustion of the micromolecule substances;
5) and 4) the combustible substances and combustion products after cracking in the step 4) reach a diffusion section, and due to the fact that a large amount of oxygen is consumed by combustion and a large amount of generated carbon dioxide disperses the combustible gas into a plurality of small broken gas masses, in order to ensure the sufficient combustion of the combustible gas in the small gas masses, the air after preheating for the third time must be supplemented, and finally the complete combustion of gaseous components is achieved.
The invention has the advantages and effects that:
the invention can not better synchronously solve the problem of high-efficiency clean combustion of solid components and gaseous components in the fuel in the solid fuel combustion process, and provides the solid fuel staged combustion device and the solid fuel staged combustion method which can realize the complete combustion of the solid components and the gaseous components in the solid fuel in a staged manner by combining the characteristics of solid combustion and gas combustion according to the combustion characteristics of the solid fuel.
The solid fuel staged combustion device clearly divides the functional area of solid fuel combustion, and is obviously provided with the solid fuel bin, the dry pyrolysis layer, the solid combustion layer, the gaseous Venturi burner and the like, so that the continuous supply of the fuel is ensured, the drying and pyrolysis of the fuel are stably carried out, the solid components are completely combusted, and the gaseous volatile components are subjected to multi-stage cracking and complete combustion, so that the stable and efficient clean combustion of the solid fuel is realized.
The solid fuel staged combustion device and the solid fuel staged combustion method can realize high-efficiency clean combustion of various solid fuels, realize energy conservation and emission reduction in the true sense and have safe use, and also can provide the high-efficiency clean combustion device and the combustion method which are safe to use for 30 hundred million people who cook and warm by using the solid fuels such as coal, straws, firewood and the like at present all over the world, improve regional atmosphere and human living environment, improve the health level of human bodies and prolong the service life.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a solid fuel staged combustion device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view structural view of the solid fuel staged combustion device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a venturi burner of the staged solid fuel combustion device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings.
The reference signs are: 1. the device comprises a fuel bin and solid combustion part, 2, a gaseous combustion part, 3, a grading air supply part, 4, a plurality of groups of fire grate parts, 5, a slag removal chamber, 6, heat exchange equipment, 1.1, a feed inlet, 1.2, a newly added fuel layer, 1.3, a drying pyrolysis layer, 1.4, a solid combustion layer, 2.1, an air suction contraction section, 2.2, a mixed cracking section, 2.3, a diffusion section, 3.1, a primary air supply, 3.2, a secondary air supply, 3.3, a tertiary air supply, 4.1, an inclined fire grate, 4.2, a horizontal fire grate, 4.3, a fixed fire grate, 5.1, a first slag removal chamber, 5.2 and a second slag removal chamber.
It should be noted that: in the description of the present invention, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly and encompass, for example, both fixed and removable coupling as well as integral coupling; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 and 2 are a schematic structural diagram and a front structural diagram of a solid fuel staged combustion device of the invention, and the combustion device mainly comprises a fuel bin, a solid combustion part 1, a gaseous combustion part 2, a staged air supply part 3 and a plurality of groups of fire grate parts 4. Wherein the fuel bin and the solid combustion part 1 are sequentially provided with a feed inlet 1.1, a newly added fuel layer 1.2, a dry pyrolysis layer 1.3 and a solid combustion layer 1.4 from top to bottom; the gas combustion part 2 is positioned on one side of the fuel bin and the solid combustion part 1 and comprises an air suction contraction section 2.1, a mixed cracking section 2.2 and a diffusion section 2.3 from bottom to top; the multiple groups of fire grates 4 comprise an inclined fire grate 4.1 and a horizontal fire grate 4.2 which are positioned at the bottom of the solid combustion layer and the top of the primary air supply, and a fixed fire grate 4.3 which is positioned at the bottom of the gas combustion part and has the same height as the horizontal fire grate 4.2; the grading air supply part 3 comprises a primary air supply 3.1 at the bottom, and a secondary air supply 3.2 and a tertiary air supply 3.3 which are connected with the gaseous combustion part 2;
the side of the solid combustion layer 1.4 in the fuel bin and the solid combustion part 1 is directly connected with the air suction contraction section 2.1, and the thickness of the air suction contraction section is equivalent to the height of the air suction contraction section 2.1; the dry pyrolysis layer 1.3 is close to the upper part of the solid combustion layer 1.4, and the thickness of the dry pyrolysis layer is equivalent to that of the solid combustion layer 1.4; the newly added fuel layer 1.2 is positioned at the upper part of the dry pyrolysis layer 1.3, the thickness of the newly added fuel layer is not required, and the newly added fuel layer only needs to reach the feed port 1.1; the feed inlet is positioned at the upper part of the newly added fuel layer, the position is not limited to the right upper part, and the feed inlet can be also arranged at the side or the inclined opening, and only the feed inlet needs to be fed to the fuel bin.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a venturi combustor of a gas combustion part 2 of the solid fuel staged combustion device, wherein a gas suction contraction section 2.1 is directly connected with a fuel bin and the side of a solid combustion layer 1.4 in the solid combustion part 1, and a mixed cracking section 2.2 and a diffusion section are sequentially and upwardly arranged. Wherein the mixed cracking section 2.2 is a cylindrical mixing tube, the diameter of the mixing tube is equivalent to the length of the mixing tube, and the length of the mixing tube is not less than 10 cm; the air suction contraction section 2.1 is positioned below the mixed cracking section 2.2 and is close to the side of the solid combustion layer 1.4, the width of the air suction contraction section is necessarily larger than the diameter of the mixing pipe 2.2, the height of the air suction contraction section is not less than 0.6 time of the length of the mixing pipe 2.2 and is not more than 1.5 times of the length of the mixing pipe 2.2, the contraction port of the air suction contraction section is positioned at the lower end of the mixing pipe, and secondary air supply 3.2 air outlets are arranged on the periphery of the contraction port; the diffusion section 2.3 is positioned above the mixed cracking section 2.2, the width of the diffusion section must be larger than the diameter of the mixing tube, the height of the diffusion section is not less than the length of the mixing tube, the diffusion opening is positioned at the upper end of the mixing tube, and three-stage air supply 3.3 air outlets are arranged around the diffusion opening.
According to the figures 1, 2 and 3, each stage of air supply part in the grading air supply part 3 is independent from each other and can be independently adjusted, and each stage of air supply is preheated and then used, so that clean and efficient combustion of different solid fuels is realized. Wherein, the primary air supply 3.1 is arranged below the same side of the fuel bin and the solid combustion part 1 and comprises an air inlet and an air inlet channel (namely a first slag removing chamber 5.1); the secondary air supply 3.2 is arranged around the lower part of the solid combustion layer 1.4, the air inlet is positioned on the front side of the furnace body, and the channel bypasses the front side and two sides of the furnace body and then directly reaches the gaseous combustion part 2 and is connected with the lower air inlet channel on the periphery of the mixing pipe 2.2; the three-stage air supply 3.3 is arranged around the middle part of the solid combustion layer 1.4 and is close to the upper side of the secondary air supply 3.2 channel, the air inlet is positioned on the front side of the furnace body, and the channel directly reaches the gaseous combustion part after bypassing the front side and the two sides of the furnace body and is connected with the upper air inlet channel on the periphery of the mixing pipe 2.2.
The solid fuel staged combustion device comprises a plurality of groups of fire grate parts 4, an inclined fire grate 4.1 is a double-layer movable fire grate, the distance between the double layers is not less than 3cm, the angle formed by the fire grate surface and the front surface of a furnace body is 0-90 degrees, the lower end of the upper layer of the fire grate 4.1 and a horizontal fire grate 4.2 are at the same height, and only a small gap (generally not more than 2 cm) exists; the horizontal fire grate 4.2 is a double-layer movable fire grate, the distance between the double layers is not less than 3cm, one section of the fire grate is adjacent to one end of the inclined fire grate, the other end of the fire grate is adjacent to a partition wall between the first slag removing chamber 5.1 and the second slag removing chamber 5.2, and gaps at the two ends are not more than 2 cm; the fixed grate 4.3 is a single-layer fixed grate, is arranged above the second slag removing chamber 5.2 and below the air suction contraction section 2.1, and the span thereof is directly connected with the rear wall of the furnace body and the partition wall of the slag removing chamber.
According to the solid fuel staged combustion device, each stage of air supply parts of the staged air supply part 3 are preheated for use, wherein the primary air supply 3.1 enters the first slag cleaning chamber 5.1 to be primarily heated, then reaches the middle layer of the double fire grates to be further heated at high temperature, and finally reaches the solid combustion layer 1.4; after the secondary air supply 3.2 enters the secondary air supply channel, the channel only surrounds the high-temperature solid combustion layer, so that the secondary air supply is heated by radiation, then reaches the mixing and cracking section of the Venturi burner, is further heated, and reaches the temperature for directly supporting combustion; after the tertiary air supply 3.3 enters the tertiary air supply channel, the channel only surrounds the high-temperature solid combustion layer, so that the temperature is increased by radiation, and then the tertiary air supply reaches the mixing and cracking section of the Venturi burner, and further the tertiary air supply is heated, so that the high temperature for directly supporting combustion is achieved.
The invention relates to a combustion method based on a solid fuel staged combustion device, which comprises the following steps:
1) the newly added fuel reaches the dry pyrolysis layer, the solid fuel is dried and subjected to the volatile component removal process, so that the separation of fixed carbon and volatile components is realized, the pyrolyzed volatile component substances are multi-molecular-weight gaseous substances such as coal tar, hydrocarbons and the like in the dry pyrolysis layer at high temperature, and the separated fixed carbon is a solid component which is difficult to volatilize in the solid fuel at the high temperature of the dry pyrolysis layer, namely the separation of two combustible components in the solid fuel is realized;
2) the solid combustible components separated in the step 1) enter a solid combustion layer, enter from a bottom air supply port through primary air supply, are quickly preheated after penetrating through a double-layer grate and reach the solid combustion layer, so that the solid components are fully combusted under the oxygen-enriched condition until the solid components are completely combusted; thereby reducing CO generation in the combustion process of solid components to the maximum extent;
3) step 1) the separated gaseous substances pass through a high-temperature solid combustion layer under the action of negative pressure to carry out preliminary cracking on macromolecular substances such as coal tar and the like, wherein the micromolecular substances such as hydrocarbons, hydrogen and the like are mixed and combusted with the excess air of primary air to maintain the high temperature and flame transmission of the gaseous fuel components;
4) The micromolecule substances and the incompletely cracked macromolecular substances generated in the step 3) enter a venturi combustor contraction section under the action of negative pressure of a chimney, are further mixed with preheated secondary air, then enter a mixed cracking section for mixed combustion in a vortex motion, so that the macromolecules such as coal tar and the like are fully cracked, and the continuation of high-temperature flame is maintained by the combustion of the micromolecule substances;
5) step 4) the cracked combustible substances and combustion products reach a diffusion section, and due to the fact that a large amount of oxygen is consumed by combustion and a large amount of generated carbon dioxide can disperse the combustible gases into a plurality of small air masses, in order to guarantee the sufficient combustion of the combustible gases, air preheated for the third time must be supplemented properly, and finally the complete combustion of gaseous components is achieved; therefore, the efficient clean combustion of volatile components in the solid fuel is really realized, and the great emission reduction of pollutants is realized.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method of staged combustion of a solid fuel, the method comprising the steps of:
1) newly added fuel reaches the dry pyrolysis layer, the solid fuel is subjected to drying and volatile component removal processes to realize separation of fixed carbon and volatile components, most of volatile components obtained by pyrolysis are coal tar with large molecular weight and gaseous substances of the hydrocarbon dry pyrolysis layer at high temperature, and the separated fixed carbon is a solid component which is difficult to volatilize in the solid fuel at the high temperature of the dry pyrolysis layer, namely separation of two large combustible components in the solid fuel is realized;
2) after solid combustible components separated in the step 1) enter a solid combustion layer, fully combusting under an oxygen-enriched condition under the action of primary air supply after preheating until the components are completely combusted;
3) step 1) the separated gaseous substances pass through a solid combustion layer under the action of negative pressure to carry out primary cracking on coal tar macromolecular substances, wherein micromolecular hydrocarbons and hydrogen substances are mixed and combusted with the excess air of primary air, and the high temperature of the gaseous fuel components and flame transmission are maintained;
4) the micromolecule substances generated in the step 3) and the incompletely cracked macromolecular substances enter a venturi combustor contraction section under the action of negative pressure of a chimney, are further mixed with preheated secondary air, then enter a mixed cracking section to perform vortex motion mixed combustion, so that the large coal tar molecules are fully cracked, and the continuation of high-temperature flame is maintained by the combustion of the micromolecule substances;
5) Step 4) the cracked combustible substances and combustion products reach a diffusion section, and due to the fact that a large amount of oxygen is consumed by combustion and a large amount of generated carbon dioxide disperses combustible gas into a plurality of small broken gas masses, in order to guarantee the sufficient combustion of the combustible gas in the small gas masses, the preheated air for the third time needs to be supplemented, and finally the complete combustion of gaseous components is achieved;
the device adopted by the solid fuel staged combustion method comprises a fuel bin, a solid combustion part (1), a gaseous combustion part (2), a staged air supply part (3) and a plurality of groups of fire grate parts (4); the fuel bin and the solid combustion part (1) comprise a feed inlet (1.1), a newly added fuel layer (1.2), a dry pyrolysis layer (1.3) and a solid combustion layer (1.4) from top to bottom; the gas combustion part (2) is positioned at one side of the fuel bin and the solid combustion part (1) and comprises an air suction contraction section (2.1), a mixed cracking section (2.2) and a diffusion section (2.3) from bottom to top; the grading air supply part (3) comprises primary air supply (3.1) at the bottom, and secondary air supply (3.2) and tertiary air supply (3.3) which are connected with the gaseous combustion part (2); the multiple groups of fire grate parts (4) comprise an inclined fire grate (4.1) and a horizontal fire grate (4.2) which are positioned at the bottom of the solid combustion layer and the top of the primary air supply, and fixed fire grates (4.3) which are positioned at the bottom of the gas combustion part and have the same height with the horizontal fire grate (4.2);
The side of the solid combustion layer (1.4) in the fuel bin and the solid combustion part (1) is directly connected with the air suction contraction section (2.1), and the thickness of the air suction contraction section is equal to the height of the air suction contraction section (2.1); the dry pyrolysis layer (1.3) is close to the upper part of the solid combustion layer (1.4), and the thickness of the dry pyrolysis layer is equivalent to that of the solid combustion layer (1.4); the newly added fuel layer (1.2) is positioned at the upper part of the dry pyrolysis layer (1.3), the thickness of the newly added fuel layer is not required, and only the newly added fuel layer reaches the feed port (1.1); the feed inlet is positioned at the upper part of the newly added fuel layer, the position is not limited to be right above, and the feed inlet can be also positioned at a side or inclined opening, and only the requirement of feeding the fuel to a fuel bin is met;
the gas combustion part (2) is a Venturi combustor, the mixing and cracking section (2.2) is a cylindrical mixing pipe, the diameter of the mixing and cracking section is equivalent to the length of the mixing pipe, and the length of the mixing and cracking section is not less than 10 cm; the air suction contraction section (2.1) is positioned below the mixed cracking section (2.2) and is close to the side of the solid combustion layer (1.4), the width of the air suction contraction section is necessarily larger than the diameter of the mixed cracking section (2.2), the height of the air suction contraction section is not lower than 0.6 time of the length of the mixed cracking section (2.2) and is not higher than 1.5 times of the length of the mixed cracking section (2.2), the contraction port of the air suction contraction section is positioned at the lower end of the mixed cracking section (2.2), and secondary air supply (3.2) air outlets are arranged around the air suction contraction section; the diffusion section (2.3) is positioned above the mixed cracking section (2.2), the width of the diffusion section must be larger than the diameter of the mixed cracking section (2.2), the height of the diffusion section is not lower than the length of the mixed cracking section (2.2), a diffusion opening of the diffusion section is positioned at the upper end of the mixed cracking section (2.2), three-level air supply (3.3) air outlets are arranged around the diffusion section, and the upper part of the diffusion section is connected with the heat exchange equipment (6);
Each stage of air supply part in the grading air supply part (3) is independent from each other and can be independently adjusted, and each stage of air supply is preheated and then used, so that clean and efficient combustion of different solid fuels is realized; wherein, the primary air supply (3.1) is arranged below the same side of the fuel bin and the solid combustion part (1) and comprises an air inlet and an air inlet channel, namely a first slag removing chamber (5.1); the secondary air supply (3.2) is arranged around the lower part of the solid combustion layer (1.4), the air inlet is positioned on the front side of the furnace body, and the channel bypasses the front side and two sides of the furnace body and then directly reaches the gaseous combustion part (2) and is connected with the lower air inlet channel at the periphery of the mixed cracking section (2.2); the three-stage air supply (3.3) is arranged around the middle part of the solid combustion layer (1.4) and is close to the upper side of the second-stage air supply (3.2) channel, the air inlet is positioned on the front side of the furnace body, and the channel directly reaches the gaseous combustion part after bypassing the front side and two sides of the furnace body and is connected with the upper air inlet channel at the periphery of the mixed cracking section (2.2);
the inclined grate (4.1) is a double-layer movable grate, the distance between the double layers is not less than 3cm, the angle formed by the grate surface and the front surface of the furnace body is 0-90 degrees, the lower end of the upper layer of the inclined grate (4.1) and the horizontal grate (4.2) are at the same height, and the gap is not more than 2 cm; the horizontal fire grate (4.2) is a double-layer movable fire grate, the distance between the double layers is not less than 3cm, one section of the fire grate is closely adjacent to one end of the inclined fire grate, the other end of the fire grate is closely adjacent to a partition wall between the first slag removing chamber (5.1) and the second slag removing chamber (5.2), and gaps at two ends are not more than 2 cm; the fixed grate (4.3) is a single-layer fixed grate and is arranged above the second slag removing chamber (5.2) and below the air suction contraction section (2.1), and the span of the fixed grate is directly connected with the rear wall of the furnace body and the partition wall of the slag removing chamber;
All levels of air supply parts of the grading air supply part (3) are preheated and then used, wherein primary air supply (3.1) enters a first slag cleaning chamber (5.1) to be primarily heated, then reaches a double-grate middle layer to be further heated at high temperature, and finally reaches a solid combustion layer (1.4); after the secondary air supply (3.2) enters a secondary air supply channel, the channel only surrounds a high-temperature solid combustion layer, so that the secondary air supply is heated by radiation, and then reaches a mixed cracking section of a Venturi burner, and is further heated, so that the direct combustion-supporting temperature is reached; after the tertiary air supply (3.3) enters the tertiary air supply channel, the channel only surrounds the high-temperature solid combustion layer, so that the temperature is increased by radiation, and then the tertiary air supply reaches the mixing cracking section of the Venturi burner, and further the tertiary air supply is heated, so that the high temperature for directly supporting combustion is achieved.
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