CN101805638A - Biomass gasification method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biomass gasification method. The method requires the steps of drying pyrolysis, combustion deoxidization and gas reforming in the gasification process to be relatively separated and continuously carried out in the same gasification furnace, simultaneously continuously gasification agent is introduced at three points in the whole gasification process and finally the clean high quality product gas is obtained. In the invention, the equivalence ratio of the total gasification agent is 0.2-0.35, and the mass ratio of a first gasification agent, a second gasification agent and a third gasification agent is (0-0.8):(2-3.5):(0.7-1.5). The method controls the temperature and the reaction depth of each subarea in the furnace by controlling the mutual ratio of the biomass materials, the first gasification agent, the second gasification agent and the third gasification agent so as to control the quality of the final product gas. The obtained product gas can be used as the energy or the chemical engineering synthesis raw material gas. The method can generate clean product gas from the biomass, cannot generate secondary pollution and has high carbon conversion rate and simple implementation method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biomass energy switch technology field, particularly relate to a kind of biomass gasification method
Background technology
Along with the growing tension of power supply situation and the reinforcement day by day of environmental consciousness, renewable, almost free of contamination biomass energy more and more is subject to people's attention.Gasification be biomass energy important utilize one of approach.Gasifying biomass is to be raw material with biomass, and air, oxygen (or oxygen rich gas), water vapor etc. are vaporized chemical, is the process of inflammable gas with Wood Adhesives from Biomass by thermal chemical reaction under hot conditions.The target of gasification is that the energy in the raw material is transferred in the inflammable gas as much as possible, and maximization simultaneously reduces the tar content in the combustion gas.
No matter be fixed bed or fluidized-bed, traditional gasification technology produces and all has more tar in the combustion gas, and the processing of these tar is difficulty comparatively, easily environment is formed secondary pollution.Along with the continuous development of gasification technology, produced some and removed the novel method of tar.For example, application number is 200510043836.0 patent of invention, disclose a kind of low-tar biomass gasifying method and device, this patent is transformed into the extremely low inflammable gas of tar content by two processes of the pyrolysis gasification of biomass pyrolytic and pyrolysis product separately with biomass.But the technical scheme pyrolytic process that this patent is announced needs external heat source, and need a plurality of equipment to form in the entire method implementation procedure, the system architecture complexity, in addition, still have higher carbon content after the semicoke of fire grate top and descending gas reduce, the efficiency of carbon conversion of system is lower.
It can be seen from the above, and there is the high shortcoming of tar content in traditional gasification technology, has the outer thermal source of pyrolytic process needs in the existing gasification technology, realizes deficiencies such as difficulty, system and device complex structure.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is deficiency, a kind of simple, efficient, clean biomass gasification method is provided at the prior art existence.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of segmented gasification three and select the biomass gasification method that feeds vaporized chemical continuously.This method divides three steps to carry out whole biomass gasification process, be dry thermal cracking, burning reduction and gas reforming, vaporized chemical is provided one time in biomass dry thermal cracking process, in the burning reduction process, provides the second gasification agent, vaporized chemical is provided in the gas reforming process three times.Separately and carry out continuously, finally almost there is not the high-quality product gas of tar in three relatively independent spaces of above-mentioned three steps in same gasification installation.
The specific implementation step is:
(1) dry thermal cracking and partial gasification reaction take place in biomass and a vaporized chemical under the indirect heat exchange effect;
(2) the burning reduction reaction takes place in the second gasification agent of semicoke behind pyrolysis and the partial gasification and feeding;
(3) gaseous product behind pyrolysis and the partial gasification (containing a large amount of tar) reaches by the gaseous product that is produced after semicoke and the second gasification agent burning reduction and mixes with three vaporized chemicals of feeding jointly, the incomplete oxidation combustion reactions takes place, realize the reformation of gaseous constituent, tar has obtained abundant cracking simultaneously, finally obtains clean high-quality product gas.
In above-mentioned steps (1), after biomass and a vaporized chemical were sent into gasification installation, at first indirect heating was carried out drying in relatively independent space, the moisture evaporation in the raw material, and this moment, temperature was generally below 250 ℃.Along with the rising of temperature, pyrolytic reaction takes place, and the fugitive constituent in the raw material is separated out, and Wood Adhesives from Biomass is tar, semicoke, CO, CO
2, H
2O, H
2, CH
4, CmHn etc.The temperature range that pyrolytic reaction takes place is 350 ℃～800 ℃.Be accompanied by the carrying out of reaction, a partial thermal decomposition product and a vaporized chemical generation combustion reactions, the heat that discharges provides energy for pyrolytic reaction, and reaction depth increases, and products of combustion makes biomass obtain even heating by the bed of material simultaneously.Active hydrocarbon polymer combines with oxygen, and the chemical bond in the macromole obtains the part fracture.
In above-mentioned steps (2), combustion reactions takes place earlier with the second gasification agent that feeds reduction reaction takes place then in the red-hot semicoke that step (1) produces in a relatively independent space, produce CO, CO
2, H
2O, H
2, CH
4, CmHn etc.Gas-solid is about 2～8s duration of contact in the step (2), and temperature of reaction is controlled at below the fluxing point of semicoke, generally below 900 ℃.The semicoke that step (1) produces is compared with the primeval life raw material, is greatly improved on the physical aspect, and is mobile better, avoided the generation of arch formation in the bed of material; Because step (1) can feed vaporized chemical and makes pyrolytic reaction carry out very fully, the active corresponding raising of institute's semicoke that produces, it is more smooth that the feasible reduction reaction of burning is carried out ground when entering step (2), obtains higher carbon conversion efficiency.Solid product behind the coal-char combustion i.e. ash is discharged system as residue.
In above-mentioned steps (3), a large amount of tar that contain that step (1) produces mix with the gaseous product that the gaseous product and the step (2) of water vapour produce, with three vaporized chemical generation incomplete combustion reactions that feed, form the high-temperature zone more than 1000 ℃, tar generation Pintsch process, resolve into micro-molecular gas and carbon black, carbon black and water vapour and CO
2Reduction reaction further takes place again obtain H
2And CO, can control the gaseous constituent of the finished product gas by the value volume and range of product of controlling three vaporized chemicals, so step (3) can realize the Pintsch process of tar and the reforming process of gaseous constituent.The exit gas flow velocity of three vaporized chemical nozzles is 10-30m/s in the step (3), carries out thorough mixing in the moment that sprays into by the gaseous product around the Whirl entraining, produces burning simultaneously at blended.
Difference according to product gas purposes, the value volume and range of product of the vaporized chemical that feeds in different gasification step is also inequality, the temperature and the residence time of reaction are also slightly variant, and the ratio of each component of gained the finished product gas also has bigger difference, thereby realize the purpose of directed gasification.
The present invention controls each sectional temperature and reaction depth in the stove by the mutual ratio between control biomass material, vaporized chemical, second gasification agent, three vaporized chemicals, thereby the quality of control the finished product gas can be used as the energy or chemical industry synthetic raw gas.
In order to guarantee the quality that gasifies, the equivalence ratio of the preferred vaporized chemical of the present invention is between the 0.2-0.35.If be lower than this ratio, can cause efficiency of carbon conversion to reduce, the coal-tar middle oil content of product gas increases; Being higher than this makes the quality of product gas descend than regular meeting.
Mass ratio between vaporized chemical, second gasification agent, three vaporized chemicals is (0-0.8): (2-3.5): (0.7-1.5).
The component of employed vaporized chemical can be determined according to factors such as the purposes of product gas, system economies among the present invention; Can be air, oxygen, oxygen rich gas, water vapor or their combination; The component of vaporized chemical, second gasification agent, three vaporized chemicals can be identical, also can be different.
For better implement biomass gasification method of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of biomass gasifying furnace that helps implementing biomass gasification method of the present invention, its structural profile synoptic diagram is as shown in Figure 2.
Biomass gasifying furnace used in the present invention, comprise the body of heater of being with thermal insulation layer, material inlet, product gas outlet and gasification agent inlet are arranged on body of heater, in the bottom of body of heater fire grate and ash output hole are arranged, the characteristics of this programme are to have a pyrolysis tube of being made by high temperature material on described body of heater at least, and the cross section of the axis normal body of heater of each pyrolysis tube, the upper open end of each pyrolysis tube are material inlet, and exceeding the last top of body of heater, the lower open end of described each pyrolysis tube is positioned at the intravital middle part of stove; Around described each pyrolysis tube and between the inboard wall of furnace body gas reforming device is arranged, this gas reforming device is separated into two portions up and down with the body of heater inner chamber, and top is the combustion gas chamber, and the bottom is a burning chamber; Many the reformation passages that connect combustion gas chamber and burning chamber are arranged in the gas reforming device; Described product gas outlet communicates with the combustion gas chamber; Described gasification agent inlet is gasification agent inlet, second gasification agent inlet and three gasification agent inlets once, gasification agent inlet and material inlet are same inlet, three times gasification agent inlet is connected with the branch compression ring of band nozzle in the burning chamber, and second gasification agent inlet is positioned at bottom of furnace body and communicates with the cavity of fire grate bottom.
In above-mentioned vapourizing furnace, the idiographic flow that biomass gasify is as follows:
Step (1) dry thermal cracking is reflected in the pyrolysis tube and carries out, and its thermal source is the high-temperature fuel gas more than 1000 ℃ in the outer gas reforming device of tube, the heat source temperature height, and pyrolysis is enough abundant; Step (2) burning reduction reaction is carried out in burning chamber; Step (3) gas reforming is reflected at around the branch compression ring and in the gas reforming device and carries out;
Biomass material is added in the pyrolysis tube by material inlet, high-temperature fuel gas indirect heating in the gas reforming device more than 1000 ℃, dry thermal cracking takes place, and with material inlet also be that the vaporized chemical that gasification agent inlet enters carries out the partial gasification reaction, semicoke behind pyrolysis and partial gasification enters burning chamber, drop on the fire grate, with the vaporized chemical that is entered by second gasification agent inlet the burning reduction reaction takes place, the solid residue of having reacted is discharged outside the body of heater by ash output hole; By the gaseous product that produces through pyrolysis and partial gasification in the pyrolysis tube, the gaseous product that produces through the burning reduction with semicoke in the burning chamber, mix through minute vaporized chemical of compression ring upper spray nozzle ejection with three gasification agent inlets, the incomplete oxidation combustion reactions takes place generate combustion gas, the reformation passage of while in the gas reforming device, tar in the combustion gas is carried out the High-Temperature Strengthening cracking, eliminate the go forward side by side reformation of promoting the circulation of qi body composition of tar in the combustion gas, when combustion gas enters the combustion gas chamber, all be converted into clean high-temperature product gas, discharge body of heater by product gas outlet.The product temperature degree of discharging from body of heater can be used to producing steam or preheating vaporized chemical by interchanger, thereby improves energy utilization rate still more than 800 ℃.
Biomass material of the present invention can be agriculture productions such as stalk and processing waste, production of forestry and processing waste, palm processing waste, organic sludge etc.
The present invention is by separate and proceed step by step relative with the gas reforming several steps of dry thermal cracking, burning reduction with gasifying biomass experienced, adopt three modes of selecting continuously logical vaporized chemical to realize the combined type gasification, finally obtain clean fine product gas, and can adjust the ratio of each time vaporized chemical and composition realizes that the orientation gasification of biomass is to satisfy different purposes.
Advantage of the present invention is:
(1) whole biomass gasification process is divided into dry thermal cracking, burning reduction and three steps of gas reforming, each step is all carried out in a relatively independent space, three steps relatively separately and closely carry out, it is more abundant to make that like this each step reaction is all carried out ground, more effectively the pilot-gas composition; Improve the Wood Adhesives from Biomass utilization ratio simultaneously;
(2) can feed a small amount of vaporized chemical in step (1) the dry thermal cracking stage, the heat that burning produces provides portion of energy for pyrolytic reaction, it is more abundant to make pyrolytic reaction carry out ground, fugitive constituent is fully separated out in the raw material, the semicoke reactive behavior of producing improve, can promote carrying out smoothly of step (2) like this;
(3) gas (containing a large amount of tar) that produces of step (1) with can be again after gas that step (2) produces mixes in step (3) react with a small amount of vaporized chemical generation incomplete combustion of feeding, produce the high-temperature zone more than 1000 ℃, can realize the Pintsch process of tar on the one hand, make the coal-tar middle oil content of product gas be reduced to 20mg/Nm
3Below, can adjust the composition of the finished product gas by the value volume and range of product of control vaporized chemical on the other hand, realize dual function;
(4) the selected vapourizing furnace of the present invention, be particularly conducive to and implement biomass gasification method of the present invention, each functional component compact in design, reasonable, easy and simple to handle, feasible, because product gas is opposite with raw material direction of motion, the flying dust that carries in the product gas is less in addition.
(5) the selected vapourizing furnace of the present invention, ad hoc gas reforming device in stove has prolonged the residence time of gas in the furnace high-temperature district on the one hand, makes tar cracking fully, and gas is reformed; The gas reforming device directly contacts with the pyrolysis tube on the other hand, has improved the heat source temperature of pyrolytic reaction, and the thermo-efficiency of device increases.
(6) the selected vapourizing furnace of the present invention combines updraft type vapourizing furnace and downdraft vapourizing furnace advantage separately, raw material wide accommodation, efficiency of carbon conversion height.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of biomass gasification method process schematic representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is for realizing a kind of vapourizing furnace sectional structure synoptic diagram of the inventive method.
Fig. 3 is the A-A sectional structure synoptic diagram of Fig. 2.
1 is second gasification agent inlet among the figure, and 2 is fire grate, and 3 is body of heater, 4 is the gas reforming device, and 5 are the pyrolysis tube, and 6 is material inlet and a gasification agent inlet, 7 is thermal insulation layer, and 8 is product gas outlet, and 9 are the combustion gas chamber, 10 are the reformation passage, 11 is three gasification agent inlets, and 12 for dividing compression ring, and 13 is burning chamber, 14 is ash output hole, and 15 is nozzle.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment one:
As shown in Figure 1, the dry thermal cracking that gasifying biomass experienced, burning are reduced separate and proceed step by step relative with three steps of gas reforming.Dry thermal cracking and partial gasification reaction take place in biomass material and a vaporized chemical under the condition of indirect heating, the burning reduction reaction takes place in the second gasification agent of burning reduction zone and feeding in the semicoke behind pyrolysis and the partial gasification, gaseous product behind pyrolysis and the partial gasification mixes back and three vaporized chemical generation incomplete combustion reactions that feed with the gaseous product that the burning reduction produces in the gas reforming district, form the high-temperature zone more than 1000 ℃, realize the High-Temperature Strengthening cracking of tar and the reforming process of product gas, finally contained the high-quality product gas of tar hardly.
Embodiment two:
As shown in Figure 2, the biomass gasifying furnace of this programme comprises the body of heater 3 of being with thermal insulation layer 7, material inlet 6, product gas outlet 8 and gasification agent inlet are arranged on body of heater 3, fire grate 2 and ash output hole 13 are arranged in the bottom of body of heater 3, this programme be on described body of heater 3 with the body of heater 3 coaxial pyrolysis tubes 5 that a steel cylindrical drum is arranged, the upper open end of this pyrolysis tube 5 is a material inlet 6, and exceeds the last top of body of heater 3, and the lower open end of described pyrolysis tube 5 is positioned at the middle part of body of heater 3.Described pyrolysis tube 5 has a ring-type gas reforming device 4 on every side and between body of heater 3 inwalls, the position of this gas reforming device 4 is the middle and lower parts at pyrolysis tube 5, described gas reforming device 4 is to make with high temperature material, and what this embodiment adopted is to be built into refractory brick.Many the reformation path 10s that connect combustion gas chamber 9 and burning chamber 12 are arranged in described gas reforming device 4, described reformation path 10 can adopt vertical passage, or the passage that tilts, or crooked passage, described gas reforming device 4 is divided into two portions up and down with body of heater 3 inner chamber fire grates 2 tops, top is combustion gas chamber 9, and the bottom is a burning chamber 12.Described product gas outlet 8 communicates with combustion gas chamber 9.Described gasification agent inlet is gasification agent inlet, 1 and three gasification agent inlet 11 of second gasification agent inlet once; Gasification agent inlet and material inlet 6 are same inlet, and second gasification agent inlet 1 is positioned at body of heater 3 bottoms and communicates with the cavity of fire grate 2 bottoms, and three times gasification agent inlet 11 communicates with burning chamber 12, the top of position burning chamber 12 below gas reforming device 4.
Relative the separating and proceed step by step of pyrolysis tube (5), gas reforming device (4), combustion gas chamber (13) that the dry thermal cracking that gasifying biomass experienced, burning reduction and gas reforming several steps are provided with in stove respectively.Biomass material is added in the pyrolysis tube (5) by a material inlet and a gasification agent inlet (6), high-temperature fuel gas heating in gas reforming device (4) more than 1000 ℃, dry thermal cracking takes place, and with material inlet also be that the vaporized chemical that a gasification agent inlet (6) enters carries out the partial gasification reaction; Solid product semicoke behind pyrolysis and partial gasification enters burning chamber (13), drops on the fire grate (2), with the vaporized chemical that is entered by second gasification agent inlet (1) the burning reduction reaction takes place, and the solid residue of having reacted is discharged outside the body of heater by ash output hole (14); By the gaseous state thing that produces through pyrolysis and partial gasification in the pyrolysis tube (5), and the gaseous state thing that produces through the burning reduction in the burning chamber (13), mix the combustion reactions of generation incomplete oxidation with three gasification agent inlets (11) through minute vaporized chemical of compression ring upper spray nozzle ejection and generate combustion gas, the reformation passage (10) of while in gas reforming device (4), tar in the combustion gas is carried out the High-Temperature Strengthening cracking, eliminate the coal-tar middle oil content of combustion gas, the go forward side by side reformation of promoting the circulation of qi body composition, adjust the gaseous constituent in the product gas, when combustion gas entered combustion gas chamber (9), the high-quality product gas that has just become to contain hardly tar was discharged by product gas outlet (8).
Vaporized chemical, second gasification agent and three vaporized chemicals are fed in three conversion zones by three different inlets respectively in three steps continuously, form substep gasification, the continuous air feed of multiple spot.
Vapourizing furnace of the present invention places the vapourizing furnace centre with the pyrolysis tube, and with the high-temperature fuel gas direct heat exchange, heat integration is good, improves 5 percentage points than prior art.
Embodiment three:
As shown in Figure 2, under the situation of not having a vaporized chemical, only biomass material is added in the pyrolysis tube (5) by a material inlet and a gasification agent inlet (6), and dry thermal cracking takes place the high-temperature fuel gas heating in gas reforming device (4) more than 1000 ℃; Enter burning chamber (13) through pyrolytic solid product semicoke, drop on the fire grate (2), with the vaporized chemical that is entered by second gasification agent inlet (1) the burning reduction reaction takes place, the solid residue of having reacted is discharged outside the body of heater by ash output hole (14); By the gaseous state thing that produces through pyrolysis in the pyrolysis tube (5), and the interior semicoke of burning chamber (13) is through the gaseous state thing of burning reduction generation, mix the combustion reactions of generation incomplete oxidation with three gasification agent inlets (11) through minute vaporized chemical of compression ring upper spray nozzle ejection and generate combustion gas, the reformation passage (10) of while in gas reforming device (4), tar in the combustion gas is carried out High-Temperature Strengthening cracking and gas reforming, eliminate the coal-tar middle oil content of combustion gas, adjust gas component, after combustion gas enters combustion gas chamber (9), discharge by product gas outlet (8).
Embodiment four:
The vapourizing furnace that uses as shown in Figure 2.With the palm processing waste is raw material, and air is a vaporized chemical.Total vaporized chemical equivalence ratio is 0.28, and one, two, three vaporized chemical is air, and mass ratio is 1: 8: 3.
The palm processing waste is added in the pyrolysis tube (5) by a material inlet and a gasification agent inlet (6), high-temperature fuel gas heating in gas reforming device (4) more than 1000 ℃, at the main dry reaction that takes place below 250 ℃, rising along with temperature, entering pyrolytic reaction is the main stage, temperature is at 400 ℃-600 ℃, and in the pyrolytic reaction later stage, pyrolysis product and material inlet also are the air generation incomplete combustion reactions that a gasification agent inlet (6) enters; Solid product semicoke behind pyrolysis and partial gasification enters burning chamber (13), drops on the fire grate (2), with the air that is entered by second gasification agent inlet (1) the burning reduction reaction takes place, and the solid residue of having reacted is discharged outside the body of heater by ash output hole (14); By the gaseous state thing that produces in the pyrolysis tube (5), and the gaseous state thing that produces in the burning chamber (13), with the air mixed generation incomplete oxidation combustion reactions of three gasification agent inlets (11) through the ejection of minute compression ring upper spray nozzle, the exit velocity of air nozzle is 20m/s, temperature of combustion is above 1000 ℃, the reformation passage (10) of the combustion gas of producing in gas reforming device (4), residence time 2-4s, combustion gas coal-tar middle oil strengthened cracking and gaseous constituent reformation, products obtained therefrom gas enters combustion gas chamber (9) subsequently, is finally discharged out of the furnace by product gas outlet (8).
In the present embodiment in the products obtained therefrom gas volume content of each gaseous constituent be CO 18-23%, H
210-15%, CH
42-3%, CO
218-25%, N
245-50%, O
2＜1%; Product gas calorific value is 4.5-5.5MJ/Nm
3The coal-tar middle oil content of product gas is less than 15mg/Nm
3, the efficiency of carbon conversion of device is 96%.The product gas of this quality can be used for central gas supply, or directly drives oil engine, is converted into power or electric energy.
Embodiment five:
Vapourizing furnace as shown in Figure 2.Raw material is an agricultural crop straw, and vaporized chemical is the mixture of air and water vapor.Total vaporized chemical equivalence ratio is 0.3, and the mass ratio of one, two, three vaporized chemical is 1: 12: 5.A vaporized chemical is an air, and the second gasification agent is air and water vapor, and three vaporized chemicals also are air and water vapor.
Agricultural crop straw is added in the pyrolysis tube (5) by a material inlet and a gasification agent inlet (6), high-temperature fuel gas indirect heating in gas reforming device (4) more than 1000 ℃, dry reaction takes place at 250 ℃, rising along with temperature, entering pyrolytic reaction is the main stage, temperature is at 400 ℃-600 ℃, and in the pyrolytic reaction later stage, pyrolysis product and material inlet also are the air generation incomplete combustion reactions that a gasification agent inlet (6) enters; Solid product semicoke behind pyrolysis and partial gasification enters burning chamber (13), drop on the fire grate (2), the burning reduction reaction takes place with air that enters by second gasification agent inlet (1) and water vapor, air and water vapor mass ratio are 6: 1, and the solid residue of having reacted is discharged outside the body of heater by ash output hole (14); The gaseous state thing that produces in the pyrolysis tube (5), and the gaseous state thing that produces in the burning chamber (13), spray three vaporized chemicals with three gasification agent inlets (11) through minute compression ring upper spray nozzle, it is the mixture of air and water vapor, the incomplete oxidation combustion reactions takes place, the mass ratio of three vaporized chemical hollow G﹠W steam is 12: 1, the exit velocity of air nozzle is 25m/s, 1100 ℃ of temperature of combustion, the reformation passage (10) of the combustion gas of producing in gas reforming device (4), stop 35s, combustion gas is coal-tar middle oil, and strengthened cracking and gaseous constituent reformed, products obtained therefrom gas enters combustion gas chamber (9) subsequently, is finally discharged out of the furnace by product gas outlet (8).
In this example in the products obtained therefrom gas volume content of each gaseous constituent be CO 16-23%, H
220-25%, CH
42-3%, CO
216-20%, N
235-45%, O
2＜1%; Product gas calorific value is 5.2-6.5MJ/Nm
3The coal-tar middle oil content of product gas is less than 12mg/Nm
3, the efficiency of carbon conversion 97% of device.From present embodiment as can be seen, add after the water vapor in the vaporized chemical, hydrogen content obviously increases in the synthetic gas, and calorific value increases.
Embodiment six:
Raw material is a wood chip in this example, and total vaporized chemical equivalence ratio is 0.25, and the mass ratio of one, two, three vaporized chemical is 0: 2: 1; Do not have one time vaporized chemical, the second gasification agent is an oxygen rich gas, and three vaporized chemicals are oxygen rich gas and water vapor.
Wood chip is added in the pyrolysis tube (5) by a material inlet and a gasification agent inlet (6), dry reaction takes place at 250 ℃, along with the rising of temperature in the high-temperature fuel gas indirect heating in gas reforming device (4) more than 1000 ℃, entering pyrolytic reaction is the main stage, and temperature is at 400 ℃-600 ℃; Enter burning chamber (13) through pyrolysis solid product semicoke, drop on the fire grate (2), the burning reduction reaction takes place with the oxygen rich gas that enters by second gasification agent inlet (1), the volume content 90% of oxygen in the oxygen rich gas, the solid residue of having reacted is discharged outside the body of heater by ash output hole (14); The gaseous state thing that produces in the pyrolysis tube (5), and the gaseous state thing that produces in the burning chamber (13), spray the combustion reactions of three vaporized chemical generation incomplete oxidations with three gasification agent inlets (11) through minute compression ring upper spray nozzle, three vaporized chemicals are 90% the oxygen rich gas and the mixture of water vapor for the oxygen volume content, both mass ratioes are 1: 1.2, the exit velocity of air nozzle is 25m/s, 1100 ℃ of temperature of combustion, the reformation passage (10) of the combustion gas of producing in gas reforming device (4), stop 3-5s, combustion gas coal-tar middle oil strengthened cracking and gaseous constituent reformation, products obtained therefrom gas enters combustion gas chamber (9) subsequently, is finally discharged out of the furnace by product gas outlet (8).
The volume content of each gaseous constituent is CO 30-35% in the products obtained therefrom gas, H
240-50%, CH
41-2%, CO
28-12%, N
25-10%, O
2＜1%, this gaseous constituent is suitable for synthetic gas; Its calorific value is 9-10.5MJ/Nm
3Tar content is less than 20mg/Nm
3, the efficiency of carbon conversion 95% of device.It is synthetic that the synthetic gas of this quality can be used for chemical industry, as synthesizing methanol, dme etc.
Claims (10)
1. biomass gasification method, it is characterized in that biomass gasification process is divided into dry thermal cracking, burning reduction and three steps of gas reforming, in three gasification step, feed vaporized chemical respectively, respectively in three relatively independent spaces in same gasification installation separately and carry out continuously, finally obtain high-quality product gas.
2. biomass gasification method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the gasification of described three gasification step is as follows:
(1) dry, pyrolysis take place in biomass material under the indirect heating effect, then with a vaporized chemical generation part gasification reaction;
(2) the burning reduction reaction takes place in the second gasification agent of semicoke behind pyrolysis and the partial gasification and feeding;
(3) gaseous product behind pyrolysis and the partial gasification and the gaseous product that produced by semicoke and second gasification agent burning reduction are common mixes with three vaporized chemicals that feed, and the incomplete oxidation combustion reactions takes place, the reformation of realization gaseous constituent.
3. biomass gasification method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the vaporized chemical equivalence ratio in the whole gasification is 0.2-0.35.
4. as claim 1 and 3 described biomass gasification methods, it is characterized in that the mass ratio between vaporized chemical, second gasification agent, three vaporized chemicals is (0-0.8): (2-3.5): (0.7-1.5).
5. biomass gasification method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that employed vaporized chemical can be air, oxygen, oxygen rich gas, water vapor or their combination; The composition of vaporized chemical, second gasification agent, three vaporized chemicals can be identical, also can be different.
6. biomass gasification method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that employed vapourizing furnace comprises the body of heater of being with thermal insulation layer, material inlet, product gas outlet and gasification agent inlet are arranged on body of heater, in the bottom of body of heater fire grate and ash output hole are arranged, the characteristics of this programme are to have a pyrolysis tube of being made by high temperature material on described body of heater at least, the cross section of the axis normal body of heater of each pyrolysis tube, the upper open end of each pyrolysis tube is a material inlet, and exceeding the last top of body of heater, the lower open end of described each pyrolysis tube is positioned at the intravital middle part of stove; Around described each pyrolysis tube and between the inboard wall of furnace body gas reforming device is arranged, this gas reforming device is separated into two portions up and down with the body of heater inner chamber, and top is the combustion gas chamber, and the bottom is a burning chamber; Many the reformation passages that connect combustion gas chamber and burning chamber are arranged in the gas reforming device; Described product gas outlet communicates with the combustion gas chamber; Described gasification agent inlet is gasification agent inlet, second gasification agent inlet and three gasification agent inlets once, gasification agent inlet and material inlet are same inlet, second gasification agent inlet is positioned at bottom of furnace body and communicates with the cavity of fire grate bottom, and three times gasification agent inlet is connected with the branch compression ring of band nozzle in the burning chamber.
7. as claim 1 and 6 described biomass gasification methods, it is characterized in that the idiographic flow that biomass gasify is as follows in above-mentioned vapourizing furnace:
Step (1) dry thermal cracking is reflected in the pyrolysis tube and carries out, and its thermal source is the high-temperature fuel gas more than 1000 ℃ in the outer gas reforming device of pyrolysis tube; Step (2) burning reduction reaction is carried out in burning chamber; Step (3) gas reforming is reflected at around the branch compression ring and in the gas reforming device and carries out;
Biomass material is added in the pyrolysis tube by material inlet, and dry thermal cracking takes place the high-temperature fuel gas indirect heating in the gas reforming device more than 1000 ℃, and with material inlet also be the vaporized chemical generation part gasification reaction that gasification agent inlet enters; Solid product semicoke behind pyrolysis and partial gasification enters burning chamber, drops on the fire grate, with the second gasification agent that is entered by second gasification agent inlet the burning reduction reaction takes place, and the solid residue of having reacted is discharged outside the body of heater by ash output hole; By the gaseous product that produces through pyrolysis and partial gasification in the pyrolysis tube, the gaseous product that produces through the burning reduction with semicoke in the burning chamber, mix through minute three vaporized chemicals of compression ring upper spray nozzle ejection with three gasification agent inlets, the incomplete oxidation combustion reactions takes place generate combustion gas, the reformation passage of while in the gas reforming device, tar in the combustion gas is carried out the High-Temperature Strengthening cracking, eliminate the go forward side by side reformation of promoting the circulation of qi body composition of tar in the combustion gas, when combustion gas enters the combustion gas chamber, all be converted into clean qualified product gas, discharge by product gas outlet.
8. biomass gasification method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that with the palm processing waste be raw material, and air is a vaporized chemical, and total vaporized chemical equivalence ratio is 0.28, and one, two, three vaporized chemical is air, and mass ratio is 1: 8: 3;
The palm processing waste is added in the pyrolysis tube (5) by a material inlet and a gasification agent inlet (6), high-temperature fuel gas indirect heating in gas reforming device (4) more than 1000 ℃, dry reaction takes place at 250 ℃, rising along with temperature, entering pyrolytic reaction is the main stage, temperature is at 400 ℃-600 ℃, and in the pyrolytic reaction later stage, pyrolysis product and material inlet also are the air generation incomplete combustion reactions that a gasification agent inlet (6) enters; Solid product semicoke behind pyrolysis and partial gasification enters burning chamber (13), drops on the fire grate (2), with the air that is entered by second gasification agent inlet (1) the burning reduction reaction takes place, and the solid residue of having reacted is discharged outside the body of heater by ash output hole (14); By the gaseous state thing that produces in the pyrolysis tube (5), and the gaseous state thing that produces in the burning chamber (13), with the air mixed generation incomplete oxidation combustion reactions of three gasification agent inlets (11) through the ejection of minute compression ring upper spray nozzle, the exit velocity of air nozzle is 20m/s, temperature of combustion is greater than 1000 ℃, the reformation passage (10) of the combustion gas of producing in gas reforming device (4), residence time 2-4s, combustion gas is coal-tar middle oil to obtain the High-Temperature Strengthening cracking and gaseous constituent is reformed, products obtained therefrom gas enters combustion gas chamber (9) subsequently, is finally discharged out of the furnace by product gas outlet (8).
9. biomass gasification method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that raw material is an agricultural crop straw, vaporized chemical is the composition of air and water vapor, total vaporized chemical equivalence ratio is 0.3, the mass ratio of one, two, three vaporized chemical is 1: 12: 5, a vaporized chemical is an air, and the second gasification agent is air and water vapor, and three vaporized chemicals also are air and water vapor;
Agricultural crop straw is added in the pyrolysis tube (5) by a material inlet and a gasification agent inlet (6), high-temperature fuel gas indirect heating in gas reforming device (4) more than 1000 ℃, dry reaction takes place at 250 ℃, rising along with temperature, entering pyrolytic reaction is the main stage, temperature is at 400 ℃-600 ℃, and in the pyrolytic reaction later stage, pyrolysis product and material inlet also are the air generation incomplete combustion reactions that a gasification agent inlet (6) enters; Solid product semicoke behind pyrolysis and partial gasification enters burning chamber (13), drop on the fire grate (2), the burning reduction reaction takes place with air that enters by second gasification agent inlet (1) and water vapor, air and water vapor mass ratio are 6: 1, and the solid residue of having reacted is discharged outside the body of heater by ash output hole (14); The gaseous state thing that produces in the pyrolysis tube (5), and the gaseous state thing that produces in the burning chamber (13), spray three vaporized chemicals with three gasification agent inlets (11) through minute compression ring upper spray nozzle, it is the mixture of air and water vapor, the incomplete oxidation combustion reactions takes place, the mass ratio of three vaporized chemical hollow G﹠W steam is 12: 1, the exit velocity of air nozzle is 25m/s, temperature of combustion is greater than 1100 ℃, the reformation passage (10) of the combustion gas of producing in gas reforming device (4), stop 3-5s, combustion gas is coal-tar middle oil to obtain the High-Temperature Strengthening cracking and gaseous constituent is reformed, products obtained therefrom gas enters combustion gas chamber (9) subsequently, is finally discharged out of the furnace by product gas outlet (8).
10. biomass gasification method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that raw material is a wood chip, and total vaporized chemical equivalence ratio is 0.25, and the mass ratio of one, two, three vaporized chemical is 0: 2: 1; Do not have one time vaporized chemical, the second gasification agent is an oxygen rich gas, and three vaporized chemicals are oxygen rich gas and water vapor;
Wood chip is added in the pyrolysis tube (5) by a material inlet and a gasification agent inlet (6), dry reaction takes place at 250 ℃, along with the rising of temperature in the combustion gas indirect heating in gas reforming device (4) more than 1000 ℃, entering pyrolytic reaction is the main stage, and temperature is at 400 ℃-600 ℃; Enter burning chamber (13) through pyrolysis solid product semicoke, drop on the fire grate (2), the burning reduction reaction takes place with the oxygen rich gas that enters by second gasification agent inlet (1), the volume content of oxygen is not less than 90% in the oxygen rich gas, and the solid residue of having reacted is discharged outside the body of heater by ash output hole (14); The gaseous state thing that produces in the pyrolysis tube (5), and the gaseous state thing that produces in the burning chamber (13), spray the combustion reactions of three vaporized chemical generation incomplete oxidations with three gasification agent inlets (11) through minute compression ring upper spray nozzle, three vaporized chemicals are 90% the oxygen rich gas and the mixture of water vapor for the oxygen volume content, both mass ratioes are 1: 1.2, the exit velocity of air nozzle is 25m/s, temperature of combustion is greater than 1100 ℃, the reformation passage (10) of the combustion gas of producing in gas reforming device (4), stop 3-5s, combustion gas is coal-tar middle oil to obtain the High-Temperature Strengthening cracking and gaseous constituent is reformed, and products obtained therefrom gas enters combustion gas chamber (9) subsequently, is finally discharged out of the furnace by product gas outlet (8).
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