CN102311810A - Method and device for high-temperature melting and gasifying biomass - Google Patents
Method and device for high-temperature melting and gasifying biomass Download PDFInfo
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- CN102311810A CN102311810A CN201110240647A CN201110240647A CN102311810A CN 102311810 A CN102311810 A CN 102311810A CN 201110240647 A CN201110240647 A CN 201110240647A CN 201110240647 A CN201110240647 A CN 201110240647A CN 102311810 A CN102311810 A CN 102311810A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for high-temperature melting and gasifying biomass. The method is characterized by using high temperature flue gas with 1000-1300 DEG C generated by the combustion of gaseous fuel and adding proper amount of oxygen to let the volume concentration of oxygen be 7-10 % as gasifying agents, sending the gasifying agents in a vapourizing furnace along with the tangent direction of the circular cross section of the vapourizing furnace to mix with biomass powder added from the top, after mixing, diffusing downward to the lower space of the vaporizing chamber with rotating. The method is also characterized in that: because the temperature of the gasifying agents is high, the biomass and the gasifying agents are subject to complicate reactions of drying-pyrolysis, redox and gas reformation with contact, and no obvious time and space limits exist among the reactions, the reactions are rapid and disperse in the whole reaction space, and the ash after the reactions are melted; and the gasified combustion gas and liquid slag are discharged from the outlet of the bottom of the vapourizing furnace. The combustion gas generated by the gasification method has high calorific value, low tar content, and high carbon conversion rate and gasification efficiency of the biomass.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of biomass gasification method, particularly relate to a kind of method of biomass high-temperature fusion and gasification, the invention still further relates to the device of the method that realizes this biomass high-temperature fusion and gasification.
Background technology
Gasifying biomass is to be raw material with biomass, under certain condition with vaporized chemical generation thermal chemical reaction, is the process of inflammable gas with Wood Adhesives from Biomass.The target of gasification is that the energy in the raw material is transferred in the inflammable gas as much as possible, reduces the tar content in the combustion gas simultaneously substantially.
At present, biomass gasification method is of a great variety, can be divided into the gasification of air gasification, steam gasification, oxygen gasified and these gaseous mixture by the difference of vaporized chemical.Difference based on the gasification reactor that adopts can be divided into fixed bed gasification, fluidized gasification and entrained flow gasification again.But problems such as the synthetic gas ubiquity calorific value that present existing gasification process produces is on the low side, tar content is higher for example are the updraft type fixed bed gasification method of vaporized chemical with the normal temperature air, and the artificial fuel gas calorific value that obtains is at 4～5MJ/m
3, tar content is up to 50g/m
3Be that the synthetic gas calorific value that obtains of the fluidized bed gasification method of vaporized chemical is at 4.5～5.5MJ/m with the normal temperature air
3, tar content is up to 10g/m
3, these two problems are seriously restricting the application and the popularization of biomass gasification technology.
Summary of the invention
First technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind ofly can improve the artificial fuel gas calorific value significantly, reduce the method for the biomass high-temperature fusion and gasification of tar content significantly.
Second technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of device of realizing the method for this biomass high-temperature fusion and gasification.
In order to solve above-mentioned first technical problem, the method for biomass high-temperature fusion and gasification provided by the invention, geseous fuel produces high-temperature flue gas after burner combustion, and high-temperature flue gas contains CO
2, H
2O, O
2And N
2Gas, CO
2Percent by volume be 8～12%, H
2O is 15～18%, and high-temperature flue gas sprays into vaporizer, and the temperature in the vaporizer rises gradually; After the temperature in the vaporizer rose to 1000～1300 ℃, beginning supplemental oxygen in the high-temperature flue gas made the volumetric concentration of oxygen reach 7～10%, subsequently; The biomass powder of granularity below 100 orders sent into vaporizer by charging opening, mixes generating gasification reaction in vaporizer with high-temperature flue gas; Produce synthetic gas, synthetic gas is discharged by the syngas outlet of vapourizing furnace.
Described geseous fuel excess air coefficient when burner combustion is controlled at 1.05～1.2.
Described high-temperature flue gas sprays into vaporizer through the entrance tangential, and the speed of spraying into is 15～20m/s.
Described vaporizer is up-narrow and down-wide formula conical structure; Described high-temperature flue gas sprays into vaporizer from described vaporizer top through the entrance tangential; The high-temperature flue gas that is supplemented with oxygen entrainments, mixes with the biomass powder, and spreads to the vaporizer lower space while rotating, and permeates into generating gasification reaction in the whole vaporizer space; Produce synthetic gas, synthetic gas is discharged by the syngas outlet of vapourizing furnace bottom.
In order to solve above-mentioned second technical problem; The device of the method for realization biomass high-temperature fusion and gasification provided by the invention; Form by gentleization of high-temperature gasification agent generator stove; Described high-temperature gasification agent generator comprise burner, with the smoke discharging pipe and the oxygenating pipe that is connected with described smoke discharging pipe of described burner butt joint; Described vapourizing furnace comprises vaporizer, be positioned at charging opening on the described vaporizer, be arranged in the top of described vaporizer and flame retardant coating all around, on the xsect of described vaporizer be provided with a plurality of vaporized chemical entrances, be enclosed in described flame retardant coating the outside thermal insulation layer and be positioned at the gas outlet of the bottom of described vaporizer, described smoke discharging pipe docks with described vaporized chemical entrance.
Described vaporizer is up-narrow and down-wide formula conical structure.
Around being provided with ring pipe described one week of vapourizing furnace, described ring pipe is communicated with described smoke discharging pipe and described vaporized chemical entrance respectively.
The cross section of described ring pipe is semi-round ring shape.
Described charging opening is positioned at the furnace roof center on the described vaporizer.
Described vaporized chemical entrance is provided with in the described vaporizer of entering along the tangential direction of the xsect of described vaporizer.
Adopt the method and the device thereof of the biomass high-temperature fusion and gasification of technique scheme; Adopt the principle of nonflame gasification; Gasification agent temperature is brought up to more than 1000 ℃, biomass are contacted with vaporized chemical one complicated reactions such as dry thermal cracking, redox and gas reforming can take place, and do not have obvious limit between each reaction; Be swift in response and disperse in the entire reaction space; The temperature maintenance of reaction zone is a metastable condition of high temperature, and thermograde is little in the reaction zone, uniformity of temperature profile.Can make the gasification reaction controllable process like this; Avoid fixed-bed type vapourizing furnace and two-stage gasifier gasification reaction subregion, segmentation and reaction process to be difficult to the accurately deficiency of control, avoided fluidized-bed gasification furnace local dead material and cold zone, deficiency that energy consumption is high often to occur.Because the gasification reaction temperature is higher than ash melting point, the lime-ash behind the gasifying biomass is molten state, and is deposited on the vapourizing furnace bottom, adopts the slag tap mode to discharge.
The gasification of realization nonflame must be satisfied two basic conditions: one, temperature of reaction need be controlled at more than 1000 ℃; Two, concentration of oxygen maintains about 7～10% in the vaporized chemical.Realize that the method that these two pacing itemss adopt is: at first through gas fuel combustion, produce high-temperature flue gas, flue-gas temperature is controlled at 1000～1300 ℃, contains more CO in the component of this high-temperature flue gas
2And H
2O, CO
2Percent by volume be 8～12%, H
2O is 15～18%, O
2Percent by volume be 7～10% because CO
2Can participate in the reduction reaction of carbon, H
2O can participate in water-gas reaction and water gas shift reaction, and therefore, this high-temperature flue gas can be used as the vaporized chemical of biomass gasification reaction.Because a series of reduction reactions that gasifying biomass carries out need absorb a large amount of heat, therefore, also should in this high-temperature flue gas, replenish a certain amount of oxygen, O
2Percent by volume reach 7～10%, make this part oxygen participate in the oxidizing reaction in gasification, the heat of utilizing oxidizing reaction to emit provides heat for reduction reaction, gasification reaction just can carry out continuously like this.Because the temperature levels of whole gasification reaction is higher, helps the reforming reaction of gas and the cracking of tar, therefore, gasification efficiency of carbon conversion and gasification efficiency are high, and tar content is very low.
The present invention is different according to biomass kind and unit time gasifying biomass amount; Oxygen volume(tric)fraction in the temperature of choose reasonable high temperature gasification agent, flow and the vaporized chemical; And guarantee the residence time of biomass in vapourizing furnace; Make gasification reaction have higher efficiency of carbon conversion and gasification efficiency, it is optimum that the quality of synthetic gas reaches.
At first, burner operation, the high-temperature flue gas that produces behind the gas fuel combustion gets into ring pipe through smoke exhaust pipe; Spray into vaporizer through the entrance tangential at last, the temperature in the vaporizer rises gradually, after the temperature in the vaporizer rises to 1000～1300 ℃; Beginning replenishes a certain amount of oxygen in high-temperature flue gas, make the volumetric concentration of oxygen reach 7～10%, subsequently; The biomass powder is sent into vaporizer by charging opening; The high temperature gasification agent that is sprayed into vaporizer by the high speed tangential immediately entrainments, mixes, and while rotating to the diffusion of vaporizer lower space, permeate into generating gasification in whole vaporizer the space in and react; Produce synthetic gas, synthetic gas is discharged by the syngas outlet of vapourizing furnace bottom.Because the vaporizer temperature levels is very high, adds entrainmenting and mixing effect of swirling eddy, has prolonged the residence time of biomass powder in stove, therefore, efficiency of carbon conversion and gasification efficiency are all very high.
Biomass powder of the present invention can be stalk, agriculture prodn and processing waste, production of forestry and processing waste such as wooden, and particle diameter is below 100 orders.
Biomass gasification method gasification temperature of the present invention is at (1000～1300 ℃) more than 1000 ℃; Vaporized chemical carrier of oxygen volume concentrations is 7～10%; Satisfy the condition of nonflame gasification; Do not have obvious limit between biomass dry thermal cracking, redox and the gas reforming reaction,, just can make the synthetic gas quality reach optimum as long as come temperature, flow and the carrier of oxygen volume concentrations of choose reasonable high temperature gasification agent according to the amount of vaporization of the kind of biomass and unit time biomass.
Biomass gasification method vaporized chemical tangential velocity of the present invention guarantees that the biomass residence time of powder in vapourizing furnace is more than 3s between 15～20m/s.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1, there is not obvious limit between whole biomass gasification process takes place dry thermal cracking, redox and three reactions of gas reforming; Only need temperature, flow and the carrier of oxygen volume concentrations of choose reasonable high temperature gasification agent; Guarantee the biomass residence time of powder in vapourizing furnace; Just can make the synthetic gas quality reach optimum, gasification reaction is more easy to control.
2, gasification temperature of the present invention can be realized the Pintsch process of tar more than 1000 ℃, makes the coal-tar middle oil content of synthetic gas be reduced to 50mg/Nm
3Below, synthetic gas is clean more.
3, the vapourizing furnace that the present invention selected for use; Be particularly conducive to the described biomass gasification method of embodiment of the present invention, compact construction, operation feasible, convenience, in addition; High temperature gasification agent high speed tangential sprays into; Form swirling eddy, more help the mixing of biomass powder and prolong the residence time of biomass in vaporizer, biomass efficiency of carbon conversion and gasification efficiency are all very high
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the device of realization the inventive method.
Fig. 2 is the A-A sectional structure synoptic diagram of Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further described.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2; The device of the method for the realization biomass high-temperature fusion and gasification that this programme provides; Form by gentleization of high-temperature gasification agent generator stove; The high-temperature gasification agent generator comprise burner 7, with the smoke discharging pipe 8 and the oxygenating pipe 9 that is connected with smoke discharging pipe 8 of burner 7 butt joint; The charging opening 1 at the furnace roof center that vapourizing furnace comprises the vaporizer 3 that is up-narrow and down-wide formula conical structure, be positioned at vaporizer 3, be arranged in the top of vaporizer 3 and flame retardant coating all around 4, be provided with on the xsect on the top of vaporizer 3 that 3 tangential directions are provided with the vaporized chemical entrance 10 that gets into vaporizer 3, the thermal insulation layer 5 of the outside that is enclosed in flame retardant coating 4 and be positioned at the gas outlet 6 of the bottom of vaporizer 3; Around being provided with the ring pipe 2 that the cross section is semi-round ring shape vapourizing furnace one week of 3 tops, ring pipe 2 is communicated with smoke discharging pipe 8 and vaporized chemical entrance 10 respectively.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, when gasifying, at first, and burner 7 work, geseous fuel excess air coefficient when burner combustion is controlled at 1.05～1.2, and the high-temperature flue gas that burner 7 produces contains CO
2, H
2O, O
2And N
2Gas, CO
2Percent by volume be 8～12%, H
2O is 15～18%, and the high-temperature flue gas that produces behind the gas fuel combustion gets into ring pipe 2 through smoke exhaust pipe 8, sprays into vaporizer 3 by vaporized chemical entrance 10 tangentials at last; The speed of spraying into is 15～20m/s, and the temperature in the vaporizer 3 rises gradually, after the temperature in the vaporizer 3 rises to 1000～1300 ℃; Replenish a certain amount of oxygen beginning from oxygenating pipe 9 toward high-temperature flue gas, make the volumetric concentration of oxygen reach 7～10%, subsequently; Particle diameter is that the biomass powder below 100 orders is sent into vaporizer 3 by charging opening 1, entrainmented, mix by the high temperature gasification agent through 10 ejections of vaporized chemical entrance immediately, and the downstream space to vaporizer 3 spreads while rotating; Permeate into generating gasification reaction in whole vaporizer 3 spaces; Produce synthetic gas, the residence time of biomass powder in vapourizing furnace 3, gasification temperature was controlled at more than the ash melting point temperature more than 3s; Reacted lime-ash is molten state, and synthetic gas and molten slag are discharged from the syngas outlet 6 of vapourizing furnace 3 bottoms.The biomass powder is stalk, agriculture prodn and processing waste, production of forestry and processing waste such as wooden.
Embodiment 1:
In the present embodiment, the biomass powder is a corn straw, and particle diameter is the 60-100 order, and charging capacity is 9kg/h, and the temperature of high temperature gasification agent is 1000 ℃, and flow is 19Nm
3/ h, concentration of oxygen is 10%, the volume content of each component is C0:8-12% in the final resulting synthetic gas of present embodiment, CH
4: 6-9%, H
2: 6-10%, CO
2: 12-15%, N
2: 42-45%, O
2:＜1%; The calorific value of synthetic gas is 5.7-6.5MJ/Nm
3Efficiency of carbon conversion is 95%, and gasification efficiency is 72%.
Embodiment 2:
In the present embodiment, the biomass powder is a pine sawdust, and particle diameter is the 60-100 order, and charging capacity is 9kg/h, and the temperature of high temperature gasification agent is 1300 ℃, and flow is 21Nm
3/ h, concentration of oxygen is 7%, the volume content of each component is C0:15-18% in the final resulting synthetic gas of present embodiment, CH
4: 6-8%, H
2: 8-12%, CO
2: 10-13%, N
2: 38-42%, O
2:＜1%; The calorific value of synthetic gas is 6.5-7.4MJ/Nm
3Efficiency of carbon conversion is 96%, and gasification efficiency is 75%.
Claims (10)
1. the method for a biomass high-temperature fusion and gasification, it is characterized in that: geseous fuel produces high-temperature flue gas after burner combustion, high-temperature flue gas contains CO
2, H
2O, O
2And N
2Gas, CO
2Percent by volume be 8～12%, H
2O is 15～18%, and high-temperature flue gas sprays into vaporizer, and the temperature in the vaporizer rises gradually; After the temperature in the vaporizer rose to 1000～1300 ℃, beginning supplemental oxygen in the high-temperature flue gas made the volumetric concentration of oxygen reach 7～10%, subsequently; The biomass powder of granularity below 100 orders sent into vaporizer by charging opening, mixes generating gasification reaction in vaporizer with high-temperature flue gas; Produce synthetic gas, synthetic gas is discharged by the syngas outlet of vapourizing furnace.
2. the method for biomass high-temperature fusion and gasification according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described geseous fuel excess air coefficient when burner combustion is controlled at 1.05～1.2.
3. the method for biomass high-temperature fusion and gasification according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described high-temperature flue gas sprays into vaporizer through the entrance tangential, and the speed of spraying into is 15～20m/s.
4. the method for biomass high-temperature fusion and gasification according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that: described vaporizer is up-narrow and down-wide formula conical structure; Described high-temperature flue gas sprays into vaporizer from described vaporizer top through the entrance tangential; The high-temperature flue gas that is supplemented with oxygen entrainments, mixes with the biomass powder, and spreads to the vaporizer lower space while rotating, and permeates into generating gasification reaction in the whole vaporizer space; Produce synthetic gas, synthetic gas is discharged by the syngas outlet of vapourizing furnace bottom.
5. realize the device of the method for the described biomass high-temperature fusion and gasification of claim 1; It is characterized in that: form by gentleization of high-temperature gasification agent generator stove; Described high-temperature gasification agent generator comprise burner (7), with the smoke discharging pipe (8) and the oxygenating pipe (9) that is connected with described smoke discharging pipe (8) of described burner (7) butt joint; Described vapourizing furnace comprises vaporizer (3), is positioned at the charging opening (1) on the described vaporizer (3), the top that is arranged in described vaporizer (3) and flame retardant coating all around (4), on the xsect of described vaporizer (3) be provided with a plurality of vaporized chemical entrances (10), be enclosed in described flame retardant coating (4) the outside thermal insulation layer (5) and be positioned at the gas outlet (6) of the bottom of described vaporizer (3), described smoke discharging pipe (8) docks with described vaporized chemical entrance (10).
6. the device of the method for realization biomass high-temperature fusion and gasification according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described vaporizer (3) is up-narrow and down-wide formula conical structure.
7. according to the device of the method for claim 5 or 6 described realization biomass high-temperature fusion and gasifications; It is characterized in that: around being provided with ring pipe (2) described (3) one weeks of vapourizing furnace, described ring pipe (2) is communicated with described smoke discharging pipe (8) and described vaporized chemical entrance (10) respectively.
8. the device of the method for realization biomass high-temperature fusion and gasification according to claim 7 is characterized in that: the cross section of described ring pipe (2) is semi-round ring shape.
9. according to the device of the method for claim 5 or 6 described realization biomass high-temperature fusion and gasifications, it is characterized in that: described charging opening (1) is positioned at the furnace roof center on the described vaporizer (3).
10. according to the device of the method for claim 5 or 6 described realization biomass high-temperature fusion and gasifications, it is characterized in that: described vaporized chemical entrance (10) is provided with along the tangential direction of the xsect of described vaporizer (3) and gets in the described vaporizer (3).
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103980948A (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2014-08-13 | 华东理工大学 | Coal powder pyrolysis and gasification method |
| CN104165521A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2014-11-26 | 苏州新协力环保科技有限公司 | Biomass smelting furnace burner |
| CN108251163A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-06 | 中薪油武汉化工工程技术有限公司 | The method of gasification of biomass preparing synthetic gas |
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| CN101906324A (en) * | 2010-07-20 | 2010-12-08 | 武汉凯迪控股投资有限公司 | Indirect gasification process of biomass water vapor and equipment thereof |
| CN101906322A (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2010-12-08 | 胜利油田胜利动力机械集团有限公司 | Process and device for generating power by melting and gasifying biomass |
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2011
- 2011-08-22 CN CN201110240647A patent/CN102311810A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101906322A (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2010-12-08 | 胜利油田胜利动力机械集团有限公司 | Process and device for generating power by melting and gasifying biomass |
| CN101906324A (en) * | 2010-07-20 | 2010-12-08 | 武汉凯迪控股投资有限公司 | Indirect gasification process of biomass water vapor and equipment thereof |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103980948A (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2014-08-13 | 华东理工大学 | Coal powder pyrolysis and gasification method |
| CN104165521A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2014-11-26 | 苏州新协力环保科技有限公司 | Biomass smelting furnace burner |
| CN104165521B (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2016-04-06 | 苏州新协力环保科技有限公司 | Living beings furnace burner |
| CN108251163A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-06 | 中薪油武汉化工工程技术有限公司 | The method of gasification of biomass preparing synthetic gas |
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