CN106748878B - 一种丁酮连氮的合成方法 - Google Patents

一种丁酮连氮的合成方法 Download PDF

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CN106748878B
CN106748878B CN201710085414.2A CN201710085414A CN106748878B CN 106748878 B CN106748878 B CN 106748878B CN 201710085414 A CN201710085414 A CN 201710085414A CN 106748878 B CN106748878 B CN 106748878B
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butanone
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ammonia
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CN106748878A (zh
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李亚杉
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Linyi Rongxiang Steel Pipe Co ltd
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Chen Cuifen
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    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C249/00Preparation of compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C249/16Preparation of compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton of hydrazones

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种丁酮连氮的合成方法,该方法采用对甲苯磺酸钠和硫脲作催化剂,以丁酮和氨为原料,以过氧化氢为氧化剂,在一定温度下合成丁酮连氮。本发明采用对甲苯磺酸钠和硫脲作催化剂,具有催化活性和选择性高、副反应杂质少、丁酮连氮收率高、催化剂易于回收和循环使用、生产成本低、工业实施简单和经济效益显著等优点。

Description

一种丁酮连氮的合成方法
技术领域
本发明属于化学合成技术领域,具体涉及一种丁酮连氮的合成方法。
背景技术
酮连氮是制备水合肼的中间体,酮连氮水解即可制得水合肼。水合肼是一种重要的化工原料和用途广泛的化工产品,是生产发泡剂、农药、医药、染料、显影剂和还原剂的重要原料,还用于制造高纯度金属、合成纤维及稀有元素分离、大型锅炉给水的脱氧、火箭燃料和炸药的生产等。
酮连氮的合成方法有两种,即次氯酸钠氧化法和过氧化氢氧化法,是氨在脂肪酮的存在下,用次氯酸钠或过氧化氢氧化,生成酮连氮、腙或异腙,当酮过量时,腙和异腙可转化成酮连氮。次氯酸钠氧化法合成酮连氮不需要使用催化剂,但次氯酸钠的腐蚀性强,对设备要求高,酮连氮的分离提纯要消耗大量蒸汽,还会产生大量含盐有机废水,会对环境造成污染。过氧化氢氧化法制酮连氮,其合成工艺是丁酮在催化剂存在下,以氨和过氧化氢为原料在液相进行反应,得到丁酮连氮。反应式如下:
2NH3 + H2O2 + 2CH3(C2H5)C=O → CH3(C2H5)C=N-N=C(C2H5)CH3 + 4H2O
过氧化氢法以过氧化氢作氧化剂,不采用强腐蚀性的次氯酸钠,不副产腐蚀性氯化物(不产生含盐废水),能耗低,是一种节能环保的绿色生产工艺。过氧化氢法合成丁酮连氮的关键因素之一是选择合适的催化剂,催化剂的选择性及活性对产品收率和副产物的生成都有较大影响。
文献中使用的催化剂主要有有机或无机铵盐和碱金属、碱土金属氢氧化物、羧酸酯、CO2、氰或腈、酰胺、腈和铵盐体系、酰胺(或酰亚胺)和具有H-X-Y=Z结构的化合物体系、酰胺与Na2HPO4和酰胺对应的羧酸铵体系、有机砷化合物以及乙酰胺与磷酸氢二钠和稀土氧化物体系等。上述酮连氮合成用催化体系中,以腈和酰胺为主催化剂,铵盐和磷酸氢二钠为助催化剂效果较佳,但合成丁酮连氮的收率仍较低(以过氧化氢计只有75~80%),而且腈和酰胺在使用过程中都会逐渐转化为相应的羧酸铵,必须将羧酸铵重新热解为相应的腈和酰胺,才能重新利用。而将羧酸铵热解为腈和酰胺,不仅能耗高,而且分解损耗大,回收率低。虽然过氧化氢法合成丁酮连氮是一种节能环保的绿色生产工艺,但由于现有技术所采用的催化剂合成丁酮连氮的收率较低,催化剂的回收处理及使用费用高,致使丁酮连氮的生产成本较高,这是该方法未能在行业内推广使用的主要原因。
发明内容
本发明的目地在于克服上述现有技术的不足之处,提供一种丁酮连氮的合成新方法,该方法采用对甲苯磺酸钠和硫脲作催化剂,具有催化活性和选择性高、副反应杂质少、丁酮连氮收率高、催化剂易于回收和循环使用、生产成本低、工业实施简单和经济效益显著等特点。
本发明采用的技术方案是:以丁酮和氨为原料,以过氧化氢为氧化剂,采用对甲苯磺酸钠和硫脲作催化剂,在一定温度下合成丁酮连氮。本发明方法的具体工艺步骤如下:将丁酮、对甲苯磺酸钠、硫脲和水加入到反应器中,向反应器溶液中通入氨气至饱和后改为缓慢通入,升温至40~45℃,开始缓慢滴加过氧化氢溶液,反应温度控制在40~45℃,过氧化氢溶液在2~3h内滴完,H2O2滴加完毕后升温至45~50℃,继续反应1~2h,反应结束后将水相和有机相分离,将含有丁酮和丁酮连氮的有机相通过精馏回收丁酮并得到丁酮连氮成品,将含有氨和催化剂的水相经蒸发浓缩后回收氨和催化剂,催化剂可循环使用。
上述技术方案中,各物质用量范围为:丁酮2~4mol/molH2O2;对甲苯磺酸钠1~2mol/molH2O2;硫脲1~3mol/molH2O2;氨3~6mol/molH2O2
本发明具有以下有益效果:本发明采用对甲苯磺酸钠和硫脲作催化剂,具有催化活性和选择性高、副反应杂质少、丁酮连氮收率高(以过氧化氢计为85~95%)、催化剂易于回收和循环使用、生产成本低、工业实施简单和经济效益显著等优点。
具体实施方式
实施例1
向装有搅拌、温度显示、氨气导入管、回流冷凝器的反应器中,加入丁酮216g、水250ml、对甲苯磺酸钠220g、硫脲102g;搅拌溶解并开始加热,同时通入氨气,至饱和(液面有气体溢出)后改为缓慢通入,加热升温至43℃时缓慢滴加27.5%过氧化氢120ml,反应温度控制在40~45℃,2.5h滴完;滴完后将温度升至47℃,继续反应1.5h;反应结束后将水相和有机相分离,将有机相精馏后得到丁酮连氮127.4g。
实施例2
向装有搅拌、温度显示、氨气导入管、回流冷凝器的反应器中,加入丁酮500g、水650ml、对甲苯磺酸钠580g、硫脲312g;搅拌溶解并开始加热,同时通入氨气,至饱和(液面有气体溢出)后改为缓慢通入,加热升温至41℃时缓慢滴加44.8%过氧化氢150ml,反应温度控制在40~45℃,2h滴完;滴完后将温度升至49℃,继续反应2h;反应结束后将水相和有机相分离,将有机相精馏后得到丁酮连氮257.6g。
实施例3
将实施例1中反应结束后的水相蒸发浓缩到500ml后转入到装有搅拌、温度显示、氨气导入管、回流冷凝器的反应器中,再向反应器中加入丁酮216g;向反应器溶液中通入氨气,至饱和(液面有气体溢出)后改为缓慢通入,加热升温至43℃时缓慢滴加27.5%过氧化氢120ml,反应温度控制在40~45℃,2.5h滴完;滴完后将温度升至47℃,继续反应1.5h;反应结束后将水相和有机相分离,将有机相精馏后得到丁酮连氮126.2g。
实施例4
将实施例2中反应结束后的水相蒸发浓缩到1500ml后转入到装有搅拌、温度显示、氨气导入管、回流冷凝器的反应器中,再向反应器中加入丁酮500g。向反应器溶液中通入氨气,至饱和(液面有气体溢出)后改为缓慢通入,加热升温至41℃时缓慢滴加44.8%过氧化氢150ml,反应温度控制在40~45℃,2h滴完;滴完后将温度升至49℃,继续反应2h;反应结束后将水相和有机相分离,将有机相精馏后得到丁酮连氮252.5g。

Claims (1)

1.一种丁酮连氮的合成方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:将丁酮、对甲苯磺酸钠、硫脲和水加入到反应器中,向反应器溶液中通入氨气至饱和后改为缓慢通入,升温至40~45℃,开始缓慢滴加过氧化氢溶液,反应温度控制在40~45℃,过氧化氢溶液在2~3h内滴完,H2O2滴加完毕后升温至45~50℃,继续反应1~2h,反应结束后将水相和有机相分离,将含有丁酮和丁酮连氮的有机相通过精馏回收丁酮并得到丁酮连氮成品,将含有氨和催化剂的水相经蒸发浓缩后回收氨和催化剂,催化剂可循环使用;上述步骤中,各物质用量范围为:丁酮2~4mol/molH2O2,对甲苯磺酸钠1~2mol/molH2O2,硫脲1~3mol/molH2O2,氨3~6mol/molH2O2
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