CN106748766A - 一种氟代手性化合物的绿色合成方法 - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种如式(1)所示的氟取代手性化合物的绿色合成方法:以式(2)所示的1,3‑二羰基化合物和式(3)所示的氟化试剂N‑氟代双苯磺酰胺为原料,在手性催化剂的作用下,在无溶剂条件下进行球磨反应,薄板层析跟踪反应直至反应完全,得到反应混合物,所述反应混合物经后处理得到式(1)所示氟原子取代手性化合物;本发明提供一种绿色合成方法,其溶剂污染小、反应速度快、收率高、不对称选择性好、反应底物范围广泛、反应试剂廉价易得,具有重要的应用价值;所制备的化合物可以作为一类重要的有机中间体应用于医药、农药等领域。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及氟代羰基手性化合物的合成方法,尤其是一种在球磨条件下通过1,3-二羰基化合物与亲电氟化试剂催化不对称合成氟取代手性化合物的绿色合成方法。
(二)背景技术
不对称催化是当今化学发展最为活跃的领域之一,是开发手性药物、材料及香料等化学品的强大理论基础和学术依据。酶和金属络合物是两类最主要和最有效的催化剂,其中金属络合物是研究的最为普遍的化学催化剂,并且取得世人瞩目的成就,有些已被应用于工业生产,2001年的诺贝尔化学奖授予了在有机金属催化不对称反应方面作出杰出贡献的William S.Knowles,Ryoji Noyori和K.Barry Sharpless三人,足以表明不对称催化合成的重要意义。传统金属配体催化过程,无可避免的使用高毒性溶剂,高温度,长反应时间等苛刻条件的使用,因此开放一种高效,低毒,温和的不对称合成方法显得十分必要。
近年来,以球磨反应为代表的机械力化学作为无溶剂有机反应的重要分支之一(Chem.Soc.Rev.,2012,41,413-447.;Chem.Soc.Rev.,2011,40,2317-2329.;Adv.Synth.Catal.,2007,349,2213-2233.),因其能有效减少有毒有害溶剂的使用以及高效的反应过程而受到广泛关注。其中,球磨中的催化反应尤其具有重要的研究和实用价值,目前的研究来说,其包括金属催化的偶联反应以及不对称有机催化两个方面。对于球磨中不对称催化反应主要局限于脯氨酸及其衍生物催化的aldol反应(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2006,45,6924-6926.;Chem.Eur.J.,2007,13,4710-4722.;Tetrahedron,2011,67,6953-6959.;J.Org.Chem.,2011,76,1464-1467.;Tetrahedron,2012,68,92-97.),而相应的金属配体催化的不对称反应鲜有报道(Green Chem.,2015,17,2330–2334),因此,发展更多的基于其他机理的不对称金属配体催化的球磨工艺过程,具有重要的理论和实际意义。
(三)发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种球磨中进行的氟取代手性化合物的绿色合成方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:
一种如式(1)所示氟取代手性化合物的绿色合成方法,所述的方法按如下步骤进行:
以式(2)所示的1,3-二羰基化合物和式(3)所示的氟化试剂N-氟代双苯磺酰胺为原料,在手性催化剂的作用下,在无溶剂条件下进行球磨反应,薄板层析跟踪反应直至反应完全,得到反应混合物,所述反应混合物经后处理得到式(1)所示氟原子取代手性化合物;所述的手性催化剂为以噁唑啉为官能团的手性化合物与铜盐形成的手性络合物(可以是含有一个或一个以上的噁唑啉为功能基团的手性催化体系);所述的1,3-二羰基化合物与N-氟代双苯磺酰胺的物质的量之比为0.2~5:1;所述手性催化剂与1,3-二羰基化合物的物质的量之比为0.01~100:100;
式(2)或式(1)中,所述R1、R2各自独立为H、C1~20的烷基或被甲基、甲氧基或卤素取代的苯基A;式(1)中标有*的碳原子为手性碳原子;
所述R3为H、C1~20的烷基、C1~20的烷氧基或被甲基、甲氧基、三氟甲基、硝基或卤素取代的苯基B。
进一步,所述的球磨反应温度为0~80℃。
进一步,所述的球磨转速为100~1000转/分钟。
再进一步,所述的球磨反应中途停顿10秒~10分钟以释放热量,再继续球磨反应。
本发明所述的球磨反应时间一般为1分钟~12小时。
本发明所述的球磨反应所用的球体的材质可为不锈钢、玛瑙或二氧化锆。
进一步,所述的球磨反应所用的球体的直径为0.5mm~100mm。
再进一步,优选所述的手性催化剂为下列所示的化合物与铜盐形成的手性络合物之一:
式(4)、(5)或(6)中:标有*的碳原子为手性碳原子;
式(4)中,R4、R5各自独立为C1~20的烷基或被三氟甲基、硝基或卤素取代的苯基C;所述的R6、R7各自独立为C1~10的烷基或C1~10的环烷基;
式(5)中,R8、R9各自独立为C1~20的烷基、被三氟甲基、硝基或卤素取代的苯基D;
式(6)中,R10、R11、R12、R13各自独立为C1~20的烷基、被三氟甲基、硝基或卤素取代的苯基E。
进一步,所述手性催化剂更优选为下列化合物与铜盐形成的手性络合物之一:
更进一步,所述形成手性络合物的铜盐为硫酸铜、氯化铜、溴化铜、碘化铜、硝酸铜、醋酸铜、碳酸铜、碳酸氢铜、三氟甲磺酸铜或高氯酸铜。
具体的,本发明所述反应后处理方法为:反应结束后,将釜内反应后得到的反应混合物用有机溶剂洗涤并溶解,取洗涤液减压浓缩,再进行硅胶柱层析分离,以石油醚:乙酸乙酯体积比1~10:1的混合溶液为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,得到式(1)所示氟原子取代手性化合物。
进一步,所述的反应结束后,所述有机溶剂为乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、甲苯、甲醇或乙醇。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果主要体现在:
(1)本发明的方法以分别含有一个或一个以上的噁唑啉为功能基团的手性化合物与铜盐形成的手性络合物为催化剂,在球磨条件下进行反应,后处理分离得到的一种含有氟原子取代的手性加成产物,可以作为一类重要的有机中间体应用于医药、农药等领域。
(2)本发明提供的这种氟原子取代手性化合物的绿色合成方法,其溶剂污染小、反应速度快、收率高、不对称选择性好、反应底物范围广泛、反应试剂廉价易得,具有重要的应用价值。
(四)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。
反应实施例1:
反应式为:
在45mL球磨反应器中放入80颗直径为2mm的不锈钢球,依次加入化合物(6)-b与三氟甲磺酸铜形成的手性络合物为手性催化剂(0.05mmol),1-氧代-2,3-二氢茚酮-2-羧酸甲酯(1mmol),N-氟代双苯磺酰胺(1.2mmol),投料完毕,将反应器密闭,置入球磨中,反应温度为25℃,球磨转速为400转/分钟,以转5分钟、停顿1分钟为一个循环,一个循环之后,1-氧代-2,3-二氢茚酮-2-羧酸甲酯消耗完毕,用乙酸乙酯将反应器中固体物洗出来,将洗液减压浓缩,上硅胶层析柱分离,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯的体积比为1~10:1的洗脱液为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,收集洗脱液蒸去溶剂,得到白色固体产物(收率95%),1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.85(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.72(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.53–7.46(m,2H),3.82(s,3H),3.81(dd,J=11.7,17.7Hz,1H),3.80(d,J=11.3Hz,1H),3.45(dd,J=23.3,17.6Hz,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ195.02(d,JCF=18.2Hz),167.74(d,JCF=27.9Hz),150.80(d,JCF=3.6Hz),136.72,133.32,128.67,126.61,125.68,94.64(d,JCF=201.8Hz),38.29(d,JCF=24.0Hz).通过手性HPLC分析,具体分析条件为Daicel Chiralpak OD-H,Hexane:iPrOH=90:10,flow rate 1.0ml/min,254nm:tR(主)=11.2min,tR(次)=13.3min,91%ee。
取相同的反应物,相同的操作步骤下,分别各0.05mmol以下手性化合物替代手性化合物(6)-b进行球磨反应结果如下表所示:
反应实施例2:
与反应实施例1不同之处在于:所用酮酸酯为1-氧代-2,3-二氢茚酮-2-羧酸乙酯,所用手性催化剂中与化合物(6)-b形成手性络合物的铜盐是硫酸铜,反应温度为0℃,球磨转速为100转/分钟,以转1分钟、停顿10秒为一个循环,其他反应条件及步骤与反应实施例1相同,1个循环之后,得到白色固体产物(收率99%),1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.79(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.68(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.49(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.43(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),4.24(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),3.77(dd,J=17.7,11.6Hz,1H),3.40(dd,J=23.4,17.7Hz,1H),1.22(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ195.13(d,JCF=18.1Hz),167.16(d,JCF=27.8Hz),150.80(d,JCF=3.5Hz),136.59,133.19,128.50,126.54,125.37,94.42(d,JCF=201.3Hz),62.38,38.16(d,JCF=23.9Hz),13.85.通过手性通过手性通过手性HPLC分析,具体分析条件为Daicel Chiralpak OD-H,Hexane:iPrOH=90:10,flow rate1.0ml/min,254nm:tR(主)=9.4min,tR(次)=10.8min,ee91%
反应实施例3:
与反应实施例1不同之处在于:所用酮酸酯为1-氧代-2,3-二氢茚酮-2-羧酸异丙酯酯,所用手性催化剂中与化合物(6)-b形成手性络合物的铜盐是氯化铜,球磨转速为500转/钟,以转1小时停顿10分钟为一个循环,其他反应条件及步骤与反应实施例1相同,1个循环之后,得到白色固体产物(收率99%)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.84(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.71(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.51(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.47(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),5.15(m,1H),3.77(dd,J=17.6,11.8Hz,1H),3.43(dd,J=23.3,17.6Hz,1H),1.25(dd,J=12.0,6.3Hz,6H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ195.29(d,JCF=18.4Hz),166.88(d,JCF=27.4Hz),150.92(d,JCF=3.5Hz),136.55,133.47,128.56,126.55,125.57,94.47(d,JCF=201.7Hz),70.66,38.30(d,JCF=24.0Hz),21.51(d,JCF=13.3Hz).通过手性HPLC分析,具体条件为分析,具体分析条件为Daicel Chiralpak AD-H,Hexane:iPrOH=99:1,flow rate 0.5ml/min,254nm:tR(主)=33.9min,tR(次)=42.2min,ee 85%
反应实施例4:
与反应实施例1不同之处在于:所用酮酸酯为1-氧代-2,3-二氢茚酮-2-羧酸叔丁酯,所用手性催化剂中与化合物(6)-b形成手性络合物的铜盐是溴化铜,球磨转速为1000转/钟,以转10分钟停顿2分钟为一个循环,其他反应条件及步骤与反应实施例1相同,1个循环之后得到白色固体产物(收率99%)1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.83(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.69(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.50(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.46(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),3.74(dd,J=17.5,10.8Hz,1H),3.41(dd,J=22.9,17.5Hz,1H),1.44(s,9H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ195.70(d,JCF=18.4Hz),166.26(d,JCF=27.6Hz),150.94(d,JCF=3.7Hz),136.39,133.68,128.46,126.47,125.43,94.41(d,JCF=201.9Hz),84.08,38.37(d,JCF=24.1Hz),27.85.通过手性HPLC分析,具体分析条件为Daicel Chiralpak AD-H,Hexane:iPrOH=99:1,flowrate 0.5ml/min,254nm:tR(次)=28.9min,tR(主)=40.5min,ee 95%
反应实施例5:
与反应实施例1不同之处在于:所用酮酸酯为1-氧代-2,3-二氢茚酮-2-羧酸环己酯(1mmol),N-氟代双苯磺酰胺(0.2mmol),所用手性催化剂中与化合物(6)-b形成手性络合物的铜盐是碘化铜,其他反应条件及步骤与反应实施例1相同,得到白色固体产物(收率19%)1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.83(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.70(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.51(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.46(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),4.94–4.89(m,1H),3.76(dd,J=17.5,10.9Hz,1H),3.43(dd,J=22.9,17.5Hz,1H),1.76(dd,J=10.9,7.9Hz,2H),1.53(dd,J=14.0,9.1Hz,2H),1.47–1.38(m,3H),1.36–1.28(m,2H),1.24–1.18(m,1H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ195.33(d,JCF=18.3Hz),166.60(d,JCF=27.8Hz),150.79(d,JCF=3.8Hz),136.49,133.51,128.51,126.50,125.42,94.55(d,JCF=201.7Hz),74.94,38.34(d,JCF=24.0Hz),31.00(d,JCF=15.5Hz),25.09,23.08(d,JCF=6.0Hz).通过手性HPLC分析,具体分析条件为DaicelChiralpak OD-H,Hexane:iPrOH=98:2,flow rate 1.0ml/min,254nm:tR(主)=15.6min,tR(次)=17.3min,ee94%
反应实施例6:
与反应实施例1不同之处在于:所用酮酸酯为1-氧代-2,3-二氢茚酮-2-羧酸苄酯(1mmol),N-氟代双苯磺酰胺(5.0mmol),所用手性催化剂中与化合物(6)-b形成手性络合物的铜盐是硝酸铜,反应温度为80℃,其他反应条件及步骤与反应实施例1相同,得到白色固体产物(收率91%)1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ8.04(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.86(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.72(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.62(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.51–7.48(m,2H),7.34(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),5.27(d,J=18.3Hz,2H),3.79(dd,J=17.6,11.5Hz,1H),3.49–3.41(m,1H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ195.03,167.17(d,JCF=28.0Hz),150.78,136.67,135.80,134.77,133.41,129.88,129.47,128.67,128.65,128.56,128.02,126.59,125.70,94.66(d,JCF=202.4Hz),67.85,38.29(d,JCF=23.8Hz).通过手性HPLC分析,具体分析条件为DaicelChiralpak OD-H,Hexane:iPrOH=90:10,flow rate 1.0ml/min,254nm:tR(主)=18.2min,tR(次)=20.4min,ee 96%
反应实施例7:
与反应实施例1不同之处在于:所用酮酸酯为1-氧代-2,3-二氢茚酮-2-羧酸金刚烷酯,所用手性催化剂中与化合物(6)-b形成手性络合物的铜盐是碳酸铜,手性催化剂用量为0.01mmol,球磨转速为500转/分钟,以转1小时停顿10分钟为一个循环,其他反应条件及步骤与反应实施例1相同,1个循环之后,12个循环之后得到白色固体产物(收率99%)1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.83(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.69(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.50(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.46(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),3.74(dd,J=17.5,10.5Hz,1H),3.40(dd,J=22.8,17.5Hz,1H),2.15(s,3H),2.05(d,J=2.9Hz,6H),1.63(t,J=2.7Hz,6H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ195.75(d,JCF=18.4Hz),165.82(d,JCF=27.8Hz),150.95(d,JCF=3.9Hz),136.32,133.75,128.41,126.44,125.39,94.34(d,JCF=201.9Hz),84.10,41.12,38.47(d,JCF=24.2Hz),35.95,30.93.通过手性HPLC分析,具体分析条件为Daicel Chiralpak OD-H,Hexane:iPrOH=90:10,flow rate 1.0ml/min,254nm:tR(主)=7.5min,tR(次)=10.5min,ee 99%
反应实施例8:
与反应实施例1不同之处在于:所用酮酸酯为5-氟-1-氧代-2,3-二氢茚酮-2-羧酸甲酯,所用手性催化剂中与化合物(6)-b形成手性络合物的铜盐是碳酸氢铜,手性催化剂用量为1mmol,其他反应条件及步骤与反应实施例1相同,得到白色固体产物(收率99%)1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.81–7.75(m,1H),7.61(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.18(dd,J=13.2,5.3Hz,2H),3.83(s,3H),3.81(dd,J=17.8,10.9Hz,1H),3.44(dd,J=22.9,17.9Hz,1H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ193.08(d,JCF=18.3Hz),169.23,167.53,167.23(d,JCF=17.9Hz),153.79(dd,JCF=10.6,3.8Hz),128.18(d,JCF=10.7Hz),117.17(d,JCF=23.9Hz),113.54(d,JCF=23.0Hz),94.61(d,JCF=202.6Hz),53.26,38.11(dd,JCF=24.3,1.9Hz).通过手性HPLC分析,具体分析条件为Daicel Chiralpak OD-H,Hexane:iPrOH=90:10,flow rate1.0ml/min,254nm:tR(主)=14.9min,tR(次)=18.2min,ee 93%
反应实施例9:
与反应实施例1不同之处在于:所用酮酸酯为5-氯-1-氧代-2,3-二氢茚酮-2-羧酸甲酯,所用手性催化剂中与化合物(6)-b形成手性络合物的铜盐是醋酸铜,其他反应条件及步骤与反应实施例1相同,得到白色固体产物(收率99%)1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.78(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.52(s,1H),7.46(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),3.83(s,3H),3.79(dd,J=17.9,11.1Hz,1H),3.43(dd,J=22.9,17.8Hz,1H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ193.58(d,JCF=18.4Hz),167.36(d,JCF=27.7Hz),152.13(d,JCF=3.8Hz),143.52,131.73,129.60,126.81(d,JCF=22.2Hz),94.53(d,JCF=202.9Hz),53.30,37.98(d,JCF=24.3Hz).通过手性HPLC分析,具体分析条件为Daicel Chiralpak OD-H,Hexane:iPrOH=99:1,flow rate 1.0ml/min,254nm:tR(次)=35.2.min,tR(主)=49.8min,ee 91%
反应实施例10:
与反应实施例1不同之处在于:所用的球体为150颗直径为0.5mm的不锈钢球,所用酮酸酯为5-溴-1-氧代-2,3-二氢茚酮-2-羧酸甲酯,所用手性催化剂中与化合物(6)-b形成手性络合物的铜盐是高氯酸铜,其他反应条件及步骤与反应实施例1相同,得到白色固体产物(收率99%)1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.69(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.62(dd,J=8.2,0.7Hz,1H),3.82(s,3H),3.78(dd,J=10.5,17.5Hz 1H),3.43(dd,J=22.9,17.7Hz,1H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ193.82(d,JCF=18.3Hz),167.28(d,JCF=27.8Hz),152.15(d,JCF=3.7Hz),132.42,132.38,132.08,129.97,129.81,129.45,126.68,94.41(d,JCF=202.9Hz),53.28,37.86(d,JCF=24.2Hz).通过手性HPLC分析,具体分析条件为Daicel Chiralpak OD-H,Hexane:iPrOH=90:10,flow rate 1.0ml/min,254nm:tR(主)=36.9min,tR(次)=50.8min,ee 93%
反应实施例11:
与反应实施例1不同之处在于:所用的球体为1颗直径为100mm的不锈钢球,所用酮酸酯为4-溴-1-氧代-2,3-二氢茚酮-2-羧酸甲酯,其他反应条件及步骤与反应实施例1相同,得到白色固体产物(收率99%)1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.81–7.76(m,2H),7.41(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),3.82(s,3H),3.76(dd,J=17.8,10.9Hz,1H),3.39(dd,J=22.9,17.8Hz,1H).通过手性HPLC分析,具体分析条件为Daicel Chiralpak OD-H,Hexane:iPrOH=90:10,flowrate 1.0ml/min,254nm:tR(主)=17.0min,tR(次)=20.0min,ee 87%
反应实施例12:
与反应实施例1不同之处在于:所用酮酸酯为6-溴-1-氧代-2,3-二氢茚酮-2-羧酸甲酯,其他反应条件及步骤与反应实施例1相同,得到白色固体产物(收率99%)1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.87(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.39(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),3.83(s,3H),3.74(dd,J=18.1,11.6Hz,1H),3.37(dd,J=23.2,18.2Hz,1H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ194.39(d,JCF=18.3Hz),167.24(d,JCF=27.8Hz),150.60(d,JCF=3.8Hz),139.34,135.19,130.35,124.34,121.85,94.07(d,JCF=202.7Hz),53.29,39.32(d,JCF=24.8Hz).通过手性HPLC分析,具体分析条件为Daicel Chiralpak OD-H,Hexane:iPrOH=90:10,flow rate 1.0ml/min,254nm:tR(主)=11.9min,tR(次)=14.5min,ee 98%
反应实施例13:
与反应实施例1不同之处在于:所用酮酸酯为6-甲基-1-氧代-2,3-二氢茚酮-2-羧酸甲酯,其他反应条件及步骤与反应实施例1相同,得到白色固体产物(收率90%)1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.61(s,1H),7.52(dd,J=7.9,1.1Hz,1H),7.39(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),3.79(s,3H),3.74(dd,J=17.5,11.1Hz,1H),3.37(dd,J=23.3,17.5Hz,1H),2.41(s,3H).13CNMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ195.03(d,JCF=18.2Hz),167.75(d,JCF=28.0Hz),148.19(d,JCF=3.7Hz),138.80,137.98,135.78,133.36,129.73,129.41,126.24,125.36,94.94(d,JCF=201.4Hz),53.02,37.89(d,JCF=23.8Hz),20.95.通过手性HPLC分析,具体分析条件为Daicel Chiralpak AD-H,Hexane:iPrOH=90:10,flow rate 1.0ml/min,254nm:tR(主)=9.2min,tR(次)=10.6min,ee 91%
反应实施例14:
与反应实施例1不同之处在于:所用酮酸酯为5,6-甲氧基-1-氧代-2,3-二氢茚酮-2-羧酸甲酯,其他反应条件及步骤与反应实施例1相同,得到白色固体产物(收率95%)1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.18(s,1H),6.89(s,1H),3.98(s,3H),3.89(s,3H),3.79(s,3H),3.69(dd,J=17.4,10.4Hz,1H),3.32(dd,J=22.5,17.4Hz,1H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ193.25(d,JCF=18.5Hz),167.97(d,JCF=28.1Hz),157.27,150.39,146.79(d,JCF=4.1Hz),125.95,107.36,105.49,95.05(d,JCF=201.2Hz),56.27(d,JCF=35.1Hz),53.04,37.92(d,JCF=24.1Hz).通过手性HPLC分析,具体分析条件为Daicel Chiralpak OD-H,Hexane:iPrOH=90:10,flow rate 1.0ml/min,254nm:tR(主)=44.6min,tR(次)=59.6min,ee 85%
反应实施例15:
与反应实施例1不同之处在于:所用酮酸酯为5-甲氧基-1-氧代-2,3-二氢茚酮-2-羧酸甲酯,其他反应条件及步骤与反应实施例1相同,得到白色固体产物(收率87%)。1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.75(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),6.97(dd,J=8.6,2.2Hz,1H),6.92(s,1H),3.91(s,3H),3.80(s,3H),3.74(dd,J=17.6,11.1Hz,1H),3.36(dd,J=23.1,17.7Hz,1H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ192.82(d,J=18.3Hz),168.03(s),166.92(s),153.94(d,J=3.8Hz),127.41(s),126.30(s),116.73(s),109.81(s),95.04(d,J=201.1Hz),55.87(s),53.05(s),38.21(d,J=24.1Hz).通过手性HPLC分析,具体分析条件为Daicel ChiralpakOD-H,Hexane:iPrOH=90:10,flow rate 1.0ml/min,254nm:tR(主)=21.3min,tR(次)=24.8min,ee 74%
反应实施例16:
与反应实施例1不同之处在于:所用酮酸酯为1-氧代-1,2,3,4-四氢化萘-2-羧酸甲酯,其他反应条件及步骤与反应实施例1相同,得到白色固体产物(收率93%)1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ8.06(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.55(td,J=7.6,1.2Hz,1H),7.36(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),3.82(s,3H),3.22–3.14(m,1H),3.10-3.04(m,1H),2.77-2.67(m,1H),2.58–2.49(m,1H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ188.40(d,JCF=18.7Hz),167.76(d,JCF=26.1Hz),143.12,134.55,130.46,129.72,129.72,129.41,128.74,128.38,127.22,93.25(d,JCF=194.0Hz),52.90,31.84(d,JCF=22.2Hz),24.77(d,JCF=7.3Hz).通过手性HPLC分析,具体分析条件为Daicel Chiralpak OD-H,Hexane:iPrOH=90:10,flow rate1.0ml/min,254nm:tR(主)=12.3min,tR(次)=13.7min,ee 55%
反应实施例17:
与反应实施例1不同之处在于:所用酮酸酯为1-氧代-6,7,8,9-四氢-5H-苯并[7]轮烯-6-羧酸甲酯,其他反应条件及步骤与反应实施例1相同,得到白色固体产物(收率82%)1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.54(dd,J=7.7,1.2Hz,1H),7.43(td,J=7.5,1.3Hz,1H),7.30(dd,J=14.3,7.0Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),3.82(s,3H),3.14–3.07(m,1H),2.96–2.90(m,1H),2.68-2.56(m,1H),2.33-2.24(m,1H),2.18-2.10(m,1H),1.95-1.87(m,1H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ198.59(d,JCF=26.7Hz),167.60(d,JCF=25.2Hz),140.60,136.44,132.26,129.54,129.26,126.62,99.10(d,JCF=195.9Hz),52.93,33.40(d,JCF=1.3Hz),32.76,32.59,22.38(d,JCF=2.1Hz).通过手性HPLC分析,具体分析条件为DaicelChiralpak IC-H,Hexane:iPrOH=90:10,flow rate 1.0ml/min,254nm:tR(主)=12.1min,tR(次)=13.6min,ee 27%
反应实施例18:
与反应实施例1不同之处在于:所用酮酸酯为1-氧代-1,2,3,4-四氢化萘-2-羧酸金刚烷酯,其他反应条件及步骤与反应实施例1相同,得到白色固体产物(收率85%)1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ8.06(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.53(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.35(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.27(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),3.19–3.04(m,2H),2.72-2.63(m,1H),2.53–2.43(m,1H),2.13(s,3H),2.04(d,J=2.8Hz,6H),1.61(s,6H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ189.25(d,JCF=18.4Hz),165.72(d,JCF=26.4Hz),142.84,134.14,131.14,128.59,128.03(d,JCF=0.8Hz),127.04,93.03(d,JCF=194.0Hz),83.96,41.02,35.86,31.97(d,JCF=22.3Hz),30.81,25.29(d,JCF=8.1Hz).通过手性HPLC分析,具体分析条件为Daicel Chiralpak OD-H,Hexane:iPrOH=90:10,flow rate 1.0ml/min,254nm:tR(主)=7.8min,tR(次)=13.1min,ee 78%
反应实施例19:
与反应实施例1不同之处在于:所用酮酸酯为1-氧代-6,7,8,9-四氢-5H-苯并[7]轮烯-6-羧酸金刚烷酯,其他反应条件及步骤与反应实施例1相同,得到白色固体产物(收率90%)1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.53(dd,J=7.6,1.2Hz,3H),7.43(td,J=7.5,1.3Hz,4H),7.32(t,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.20(d,J=7.6Hz,3H),3.09–3.03(m,3H),2.96-2.91(m,4H),2.69–2.47(m,5H),2.23(d,J=3.9Hz,6H),2.16(s,9H),2.06(dd,J=5.0,3.1Hz,17H),1.65(t,J=2.7Hz,17H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ199.21(d,JCF=24.1Hz),165.64(d,JCF=25.1Hz),140.06,137.30,132.04,129.46,129.21,126.61,98.32(d,JCF=195.0Hz),83.67,41.02,36.03,33.29,32.62(d,JCF=22.4Hz),30.92,22.29(d,JCF=3.9Hz).通过手性HPLC分析,具体分析条件为Daicel Chiralpak IC-H,Hexane:iPrOH=90:10,flow rate 1.0ml/min,254nm:tR(次)=11.9min,tR(主)=14.3min,ee 60%
反应实施例20:
与反应实施例1不同之处在于:所用酮酸酯为1-氧代-N-苯基-2,3-二氢茚酮-2-酰胺,其他反应条件及步骤与反应实施例1相同,得到白色固体产物(收率80%)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.31(s,1H),7.84(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.72(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.59(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.55(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.47(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.36(t,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.18(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),4.08(dd,J=17.4,11.3Hz,1H),3.42(dd,J=24.0,17.4Hz,1H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ196.30(d,JCF=18.1Hz),164.75(d,JCF=21.8Hz),151.83(d,JCF=4.0Hz),136.84,136.63,133.25,129.86,129.46,129.11,128.54,126.56,125.58,125.22,120.13,97.03(d,JCF=204.7Hz),37.39(d,JCF=22.6Hz).通过手性HPLC分析,具体分析条件为Daicel Chiralpak IC-H,Hexane:iPrOH=90:10,flow rate 1.0ml/min,254nm:tR(主)=17.3min,tR(次)=24.9min,ee 96%
反应实施例21:
与反应实施例1不同之处在于:所用酮酸酯为2-环己酮甲酸乙酯,其他反应条件及步骤与反应实施例1相同,得到白色固体产物(收率95%)1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ4.32–4.27(m,2H),2.75–2.57(m,2H),2.52–2.42(m,1H),2.20–2.09(m,1H),1.99–1.79(m,4H),1.32(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ201.79(d,JCF=20.0Hz),166.89(d,JCF=24.8Hz),96.30(d,JCF=196.6Hz),62.31,39.58,35.98(d,JCF=21.7Hz),26.50,20.91(d,JCF=5.9Hz),13.95.通过手性HPLC分析,具体分析条件为DaicelChiralpak AS-H,Hexane:iPrOH=98:2,flow rate 0.5ml/min,220nm:tR(次)=68.3min,tR(主)=142.4min ee 99%。
Claims (10)
1.一种式(1)所示氟取代手性化合物的绿色合成方法,其特征在于,所述的方法按如下步骤进行:
以式(2)所示的1,3-二羰基化合物和式(3)所示的氟化试剂N-氟代双苯磺酰胺为原料,在手性催化剂的作用下,在无溶剂条件下进行球磨反应,薄板层析跟踪反应直至反应完全,得到反应混合物,所述反应混合物经后处理得到式(1)所示氟原子取代手性化合物;所述的手性催化剂为以一个或一个以上的噁唑啉为官能团的手性化合物与铜盐形成的手性络合物;所述的1,3-二羰基化合物与N-氟代双苯磺酰胺的物质的量之比为0.2~5:1;所述手性催化剂与1,3-二羰基化合物的物质的量之比为0.01~100:100;
式(2)或式(1)中,所述R1、R2各自独立为H、C1~20的烷基或被甲基、甲氧基或卤素取代的苯基A;式(1)中标有*的碳原子为手性碳原子;
所述R3为H、C1~20的烷基、C1~20的烷氧基或被甲基、甲氧基、三氟甲基、硝基或卤素取代的苯基B。
2.如权利要求1所述的绿色合成方法,其特征在于所述的球磨反应温度为0~80℃。
3.如权利要求1所述的绿色合成方法,其特征在于所述的球磨转速为100~1000转/分钟。
4.如权利要求1所述的绿色合成方法,其特征在于所述的球磨反应中途停顿10秒~10分钟以释放热量,再继续球磨反应。
5.如权利要求1所述的绿色合成方法,其特征在于所述的球磨反应所用的球体的材质可为不锈钢、玛瑙或二氧化锆。
6.如权利要求1所述绿色合成方法,其特征在于所述的球磨反应所用的球体的直径为0.5mm~100mm。
7.如权利要求1~6之一所述的绿色合成方法,其特征在于所述的手性催化剂为下列所示的化合物与铜盐形成的手性络合物之一:
式(4)、(5)或(6)中:标有*的碳原子为手性碳原子;
式(4)中,所述R4、R5各自独立为C1~20的烷基或被三氟甲基、硝基或卤素取代的苯基C;所述的R6,R7各自独立为C1~10的烷基或C1~10的环烷基;
式(5)中,所述R8、R9各自独立为C1~20的烷基或被三氟甲基、硝基或卤素取代的苯基D;
式(6)中,所述R10、R11、R12、R13各自独立为C1~20的烷基或被三氟甲基、硝基或卤素取代的苯基E。
8.如权利要求1所述的手性催化剂,其特征在于所述形成手性络合物的铜盐为硫酸铜、氯化铜、溴化铜、碘化铜、硝酸铜、醋酸铜、碳酸铜、碳酸氢铜、三氟甲磺酸铜或高氯酸铜。
9.如权利要求1所述的绿色合成方法,其特征在于所述反应后处理方法为:反应结束后,将釜内反应后得到的反应混合物用有机溶剂洗涤并溶解,取洗涤液减压浓缩,再进行硅胶柱层析分离,以石油醚:乙酸乙酯体积比1~10:1的混合溶液为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,得到式(1)所示氟原子取代手性化合物。
10.如权利要求9所述的绿色合成方法,其特征在于所述的反应结束后,所述有机溶剂为乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、甲苯、甲醇或乙醇。
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