CN106747424A - 一种高韧性纳米Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高韧性纳米Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106747424A
CN106747424A CN201611049610.6A CN201611049610A CN106747424A CN 106747424 A CN106747424 A CN 106747424A CN 201611049610 A CN201611049610 A CN 201611049610A CN 106747424 A CN106747424 A CN 106747424A
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李风浪
李舒歆
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Hangzhou Yizheng Technology Co., Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高韧性纳米Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷的制备方法,将充分干燥的改性Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末放置于模具中,进行加压定型;之后将其在氢气环境中,在放点等离子体烧结炉中进行高压烧结,烧结完成后降温,之后放出压力后,开炉门取出模具,脱模既得所需高韧性纳米Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷。该方法操作简单,工艺流程短,制备的Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷结构致密性高,结晶度高,韧性好,不易裂,具有较高的商业价值。

Description

一种高韧性纳米Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷材料领域,特别是涉及一种高韧性纳米Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷的制备方法。
背景技术
陶瓷材料具有耐高温、耐磨损以及耐腐蚀等优点,但是陶瓷材料的脆性是其最大缺点,导致其加工成型困难,从而它的发展和应用推广受到了限制。从微观结构分析,陶瓷的脆性主要是因为存在裂纹,并且集中度较高。陶瓷材料缺少独立的滑移系难以通过塑性变形来松弛应力,因此陶瓷材料可以通过控制裂纹的扩展情况来改善其韧性。
锆酸钆陶瓷是一种性能优异的陶瓷材料,综合性能好,耐高温,被广泛应用于催化剂、高放废物固化、高温热障涂层材料以及固体电解质等方面。锆酸钆陶瓷材料的合成方式较为复杂,目前较为常用的方法为以氧化钆和氧化锆粉体为原料,采用高温固相反应法、湿化学方法以及机械球磨法来制备合成。这些传统的合成方法需要耗费大量的时间和能量,并且操作工艺复杂,效率较低。传统的高温烧结方法会出现保温时间长、周期长等问题,并且烧结出来的锆酸钆晶体结构不理想,常温下力学性能不高,从而影响锆酸钆材料的品质,使用受到限制。因此,研发新的锆酸钆陶瓷材料的制备方式,使得锆酸钆陶瓷材料品质提高,性能稳定是亟待解决的问题。
中国专利CN201510827447.0公开了一种含烧绿石相锆酸钆粉体的陶瓷,该陶瓷由以下重量百分数的原料制备而成:锆酸钆的重量百分数为10%~100%;氧化钆和氧化锆中至少一种,其重量百分数为0%~90%;烧结助剂重量百分数为0%~5%。该陶瓷材料采用高压条件下烧结。该发明提供的含烧绿石相锆酸钆粉体的陶瓷材料具有热稳定性高、烧结致密性好、显微结构均匀等性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高韧性纳米Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷的制备方法,该方法操作简单,工艺流程短,制备的Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷结构致密性高,结晶度高,韧性好,不易裂,具有较高的商业价值。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种高韧性纳米Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将充分干燥的改性Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末放置于已经垫好碳纸的模具中,使改性Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末与模具不会直接接触,然后进行加压定型;之后将装有改性Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末的模具固定在放点等离子体烧结炉中,向其中通入氢气,使炉内处于氢气环境下,关闭炉门,然后加压至40-50Mpa,开始烧结;烧结完成后降温,之后放出压力后,开炉门取出模具,脱模既得所需高韧性纳米Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷。
优选的,所述改性Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末的制备方法为:将ZrOCl2·8H2O和Gd2O3溶解于浓度为40%的稀硝酸溶液中,制备成混合液,用蠕动泵将混合液滴加到氨水溶液中,同时以400-600转/min的速度搅拌,滴加完成后,继续搅拌30min,使用稀盐酸调节上清液pH为10-11,之后在20-30℃条件下静置36-48h,之后,将沉淀物进行多次离心清洗,再使用无水乙醇清洗4-5遍,然后将沉淀物与无水乙醇混合后置于210-240℃密封环境中静置12-20h,再使用无水乙醇再次清洗后烘干,干燥后将其在高温下煅烧,冷却后研磨成粉末即得改性Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末。
优选的,制备的ZrOCl2·8H2O、Gd2O3的稀硝酸混合溶液中,Zr的浓度为50mmol/L,Gd的浓度为55mmol/L。
优选的,所述氨水溶液的浓度为0.8-1.0mol/L。
优选的,所述进行高温煅烧的温度为730-880℃。
优选的,所述加压定型的压力为3-4Mpa。
优选的,所述烧结过程中,在600℃以下,升温速率为20℃/min,超过600℃后升温速率为65℃/min,升至1400℃后,保持温度10min,之后按照30℃/min的速率降低温度至常温。
其中所使用的模具为石墨材质模具;在制备改性Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末过程中,是用清水离心清洗时应该保证上清液遇硝酸银不会发生沉淀。
本发明具有以下有益效果,采用改性的Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末制备陶瓷,解决了纳米粉末烧结陶瓷活性不高的问题。同时在烧结过程中,严格控制升温速度,从而减少烧结过程中陶瓷开裂的问题。使用放电等离子体烧结炉进行烧结,效率高,节约能源。由于Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末在氢气环境下烧结,可以利用氢气使陶瓷致密性更好,同时利用改性的纳米粉末烧结出的陶瓷韧性好,不易开裂。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本发明,下面通过实施例对本发明进一步说明,实施例只用于解释本发明,不会对本发明构成任何的限定。
实施例1
将ZrOCl2·8H2O和Gd2O3溶解于浓度为40%的稀硝酸溶液中,制备成混合液,其中Zr的浓度为50mmol/L,Gd的浓度为55mmol/L,用蠕动泵将混合液滴加到0.8mol/L的氨水溶液中,同时以500转/min的速度搅拌,滴加完成后,继续搅拌30min,使用稀盐酸调节上清液pH为10,之后在20-30℃条件下静置36h,之后,将沉淀物进行多次离心清洗,再使用无水乙醇清洗5遍,然后将沉淀物与无水乙醇混合后置于210℃密封环境中静置18h,再使用无水乙醇再次清洗后烘干,干燥后将其在880℃高温下煅烧,冷却后研磨成粉末即得改性Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末。
实施例2
将ZrOCl2·8H2O和Gd2O3溶解于浓度为40%的稀硝酸溶液中,制备成混合液,其中Zr的浓度为50mmol/L,Gd的浓度为55mmol/L,用蠕动泵将混合液滴加到1.0mol/L的氨水溶液中,同时以600转/min的速度搅拌,滴加完成后,继续搅拌30min,使用稀盐酸调节上清液pH为10,之后在20-30℃条件下静置40h,之后,将沉淀物进行多次离心清洗,再使用无水乙醇清洗4遍,然后将沉淀物与无水乙醇混合后置于240℃密封环境中静置12h,再使用无水乙醇再次清洗后烘干,干燥后将其在730℃高温下煅烧,冷却后研磨成粉末即得改性Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末。
实施例3
将实施例1中制备的改性Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末充分干燥后,放置于已经垫好碳纸的模具中,使改性Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末与模具不会直接接触,然后进行加压定型,压力为3Mpa;之后将装有改性Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末的模具固定在放点等离子体烧结炉中,向其中通入氢气,使炉内处于氢气环境下,关闭炉门,然后加压至40Mpa,开始烧结;烧结完成后降温,之后放出压力后,开炉门取出模具,脱模既得所需高韧性纳米Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷。
烧结过程中,在600℃以下,升温速率为20℃/min,超过600℃后升温速率为65℃/min,升至1400℃后,保持温度10min,之后按照30℃/min的速率降低温度至常温。
实施例4
将实施例2中制备的改性Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末充分干燥后,放置于已经垫好碳纸的模具中,使改性Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末与模具不会直接接触,然后进行加压定型,压力为4Mpa;之后将装有改性Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末的模具固定在放点等离子体烧结炉中,向其中通入氢气,使炉内处于氢气环境下,关闭炉门,然后加压至50Mpa,开始烧结;烧结完成后降温,之后放出压力后,开炉门取出模具,脱模既得所需高韧性纳米Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷。
烧结过程中,在600℃以下,升温速率为20℃/min,超过600℃后升温速率为65℃/min,升至1400℃后,保持温度10min,之后按照30℃/min的速率降低温度至常温。

Claims (7)

1.一种高韧性纳米Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将充分干燥的改性Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末放置于已经垫好碳纸的模具中,使改性Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末与模具不会直接接触,然后进行加压定型;之后将装有改性Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末的模具固定在放点等离子体烧结炉中,向其中通入氢气,使炉内处于氢气环境下,关闭炉门,然后加压至40-50Mpa,开始烧结;烧结完成后降温,之后放出压力后,开炉门取出模具,脱模既得所需高韧性纳米Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高韧性纳米Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述改性Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末的制备方法为:将ZrOCl2·8H2O和Gd2O3溶解于浓度为40%的稀硝酸溶液中,制备成混合液,用蠕动泵将混合液滴加到氨水溶液中,同时以400-600转/min的速度搅拌,滴加完成后,继续搅拌30min,使用稀盐酸调节上清液pH为10-11,之后在20-30℃条件下静置36-48h,之后,将沉淀物进行多次离心清洗,再使用无水乙醇清洗4-5遍,然后将沉淀物与无水乙醇混合后置于210-240℃密封环境中静置12-20h,再使用无水乙醇再次清洗后烘干,干燥后将其在高温下煅烧,冷却后研磨成粉末即得改性Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高韧性纳米Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述改性Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末的制备方法中制备的ZrOCl2·8H2O、Gd2O3的稀硝酸混合溶液中,Zr的浓度为50mmol/L,Gd的浓度为55mmol/L。
4.根据权利要求2所述的高韧性纳米Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述改性Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末的制备方法中氨水溶液的浓度为0.8-1.0mol/L。
5.根据权利要求2所述的高韧性纳米Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述改性Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉末的制备方法中进行高温煅烧的温度为730-880℃。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的高韧性纳米Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述加压定型的压力为3-4Mpa。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的高韧性纳米Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述烧结过程中,在600℃以下,升温速率为20℃/min,超过600℃后升温速率为65℃/min,升至1400℃后,保持温度10min,之后按照30℃/min的速率降低温度至常温。
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