CN106732569A - 一种复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106732569A
CN106732569A CN201611156726.XA CN201611156726A CN106732569A CN 106732569 A CN106732569 A CN 106732569A CN 201611156726 A CN201611156726 A CN 201611156726A CN 106732569 A CN106732569 A CN 106732569A
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李松南
张家伟
蔡海清
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Harbin Normal University
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Abstract

本发明属于复合材料及其制备方法领域,涉及一种银/水滑石复合材料其制备方法领域。该复合材料由片层水滑石构成的花状形貌,水滑石上镶嵌银颗粒。一种复合材料制备的主要步骤包括:配制去离子水、乙醇、硝酸混合溶剂1L,加入二价离子、三价离子和银离子,使二价离子浓度为0.2mol/L,搅拌1小时,将该混合溶液分装于小瓶中,用膜材料A覆盖瓶口、固定,既得反应器,反应器置入到氢氧化钠的溶液中,使目标产物在膜材料A表面成核,即制得银/水滑石复合材料。

Description

一种复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料及其制备方法领域,涉及一种银/水滑石复合材料其制备方法领域。
背景技术
银是一种常用的性能优异、价格适宜的催化剂,它在甲醇氧化制甲醛和乙醇氧化脱氢制乙醛等方面有着广泛的应用前景。此外,银的光催化和抗菌性能也备受学者关注。银的粒径尺寸是影响这几种应用效果的主要因素之一,粒径尺寸越小应用效果越好。但是,较小的颗粒尺寸又会对银的回收有产生负面效果,不完全的回收可能对环境造成潜在的危害。这一影响因素可以通过选择合适的载体来解决。类水滑石材料的特殊结构赋予其多样化的物理化学性质,使其在催化、污水处理等领域显示出广阔的应用前景。此外,类水滑石材料还可以用作催化剂和光催化剂载体。先合成水滑石再进行负载是一种常用的制备水滑石负载金属催化剂的方法,如专利申请号201310105121,一种负载纳米金颗粒的磁性镍铝水滑石复合材料及其催化对硝基苯酚还原反应的应用;J. Mater. Chem. B, 2013,1,2383-2393;J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014,2, 785-791;RSC Adv., 2015,5, 13239-13245。传统的水滑石制备方法有共沉淀、水热辅助等,这些传统的制备方法很难在不加其它助剂或模板的条件下直接制得有特殊形貌的水滑石材料。如申请号:201510597861.7,一种花状镁铝水滑石负载碳酸银纳米材料的制备方法。材料的特殊的形貌除了可以增大比表面积外,在用作载体时还可以增加负载材料的分散度,以提高性能。
综合目前现有技术存在以下问题:
1、微纳米尺寸的银材料在实际应用中有容易团聚、难以回收等缺陷;
2、合成具有特殊形貌的水滑石载体材料需要助剂(如:柠檬酸钠等)或模板(如:P123等)。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种以改变反应液浓度梯度为基础的,以生物膜为辅助渗透膜的,有效制备了银/花状水滑石复合材料。具体技术方案为:
(1)以蛋壳膜为例,蛋壳及其内膜廉价易得且被认为是一种无价值的废弃物,将从蛋壳内表面取下的蛋膜清洗干净;
(2)室温下,配制去离子水、乙醇、硝酸体积比为90:9:1的混合溶剂1L。按照镁、铝和银摩尔比为20:5:1加入乙酸镁、醋酸铝和乙酸银加入到混合溶液中,使镁离子浓度为0.2mol/L,搅拌1小时,将该混合溶液分装于小瓶中,用蛋壳膜覆盖瓶口、固定,既得反应器;
(3)将所述反应器置入到含有0.1 mol/L氢氧化钠的溶液中,在60℃的条件下,使目标产物在蛋膜表面成核、生长6小时,将获得的沉淀过滤、120℃干燥24小时,即制得产物;
(4)制备的复合材料进行表征及应用,该材料如附图1和附图2水滑石片构成的花状形貌,其中镶嵌直径为50-200nm银颗粒,水滑石片层厚度约为20nm,比表面积大于70m2/g-100m2/g,银的摩尔量占总金属离子摩尔量的5%。水滑石中三价阳离子为铝离子,二价阳离子为锌离子或镁离子,水滑石中阴离子为醋酸根离子和氢氧根离子。
(5)将0.05g所合成的银/水滑石复合材料加入到盛有100 mL浓度为20 mg/L刚果红溶液的容器中,进行染料去除测试,结果表明,60分钟内材料在可见光和紫外光条件下对刚果红去除率分别为90%和96%。
技术说明:
步骤(2)说明:乙醇结构中的羟基可以与膜表面的官能团通过氢键相互作用以增加对金属离子的吸引力,使离子富集在膜附近;还可以改变溶剂的张力和流动性使产物更容易趋于异向生长以构筑特殊形貌;硝酸可以加速乙酸银溶解;乙酸盐可以提供乙酸根离子,乙酸根离子中的羰基可以与形成的水滑石层板相互作用以抑制水滑石沿着层板垂直方向的生长,使水滑石趋向于片层方向生长以降低水滑石层板厚度,增加比表面积;乙酸根离子插层水滑石可以提高催化能力和材料的抗菌效果。
步骤(3)说明:溶液中的氢氧根离子通过蛋壳膜扩散到反应器中与金属离子反应形成氢氧化物附着在蛋壳膜上,氢氧化钠浓度过高会使水滑石快速生长成比表面积较低的块状形貌,氢氧化钠浓度过低目标产物产量较少;稍高温度会破坏生物膜结构,稍低温度不利于特殊形貌的构筑,且产物中会出现杂相;该干燥温度可以使部分未还原的氧化银逐渐还原为银单质并且不会对水滑石层间阴离子造成影响。
本项发明所述的银/水滑石合成方法有如下有益效果:1、反应体系简单,无需昂贵复杂的生产设备,简单方便,原材料方便易得,成本低;2、样品制备温度为40-70℃,反应温度较低,无需进行特殊的处理;制备过程在常压下进行,无需特殊的高压反应体系;3、扩大了水滑石材料的应用范围和效果;4、材料使用便于回收再次利用。
附图说明:
图1为本发明实施例1所制备的类水滑石材料的XRD图。
图2为本发明实施例1所制备的类水滑石材料的TEM图。
具体实施方式:
实施例1
(1)以蛋壳膜为例,蛋壳及其内膜廉价易得且被认为是一种无价值的废弃物,将从蛋壳内表面取下的蛋膜清洗干净;
(2)室温下,配制去离子水、乙醇、硝酸体积比为90:9:1的混合溶剂1L。按照镁、铝和银摩尔比为20:5:1加入乙酸镁、醋酸铝和乙酸银加入到混合溶液中,使镁离子浓度为0.2mol/L,搅拌1小时,将该混合溶液分装于小瓶中,用蛋壳膜覆盖瓶口、固定,既得反应器;
(3)将所述反应器置入到含有0.1 mol/L氢氧化钠的溶液中,在60℃的条件下,使目标产物在蛋膜表面成核、生长6小时,将获得的沉淀过滤、120℃干燥24小时,即制得产物;
(4)制备的复合材料进行表征及应用,该材料如附图1和附图2水滑石片构成的花状形貌,其中镶嵌直径为50-200nm银颗粒,水滑石片层厚度约为20nm,比表面积大于70m2/g-100m2/g,银的摩尔量占总金属离子摩尔量的5%。水滑石中三价阳离子为铝离子,二价阳离子为锌离子或镁离子,水滑石中阴离子为醋酸根离子和氢氧根离子。
(5)将0.05g所合成的银/水滑石复合材料加入到盛有100 mL浓度为20 mg/L刚果红溶液的容器中,进行染料去除测试,结果表明,60分钟内材料在可见光和紫外光条件下对刚果红去除率分别为90%和96%。
实施例2:
在实施例1的基础上,不同之处为(2)干燥后在350 ℃条件下焙烧2小时,形成银/焙烧水滑石复合材料,其比表面积为150 m2/g -200 m2/g。
实施例3:
在实施例1的基础上,不同之处为(2)加入的二价金属盐为乙酸锌;获得的材料依靠氧化锌可以接受紫外线中的能量发生跃迁的特点可以提高材料在紫外光范围内的光催化效果。染料去除测试结果表明,60分钟内材料在可见光和紫外光条件下对刚果红去除率分别为94%和98%。
实施例4:
在实施例1的基础上,不同之处为(2)加入的二价金属盐为摩尔比为1:1的乙酸锌和乙酸铜;获得的材料依靠氧化铜良好的光催化性能可以提高材料在紫外光范围内的光催化效果。染料去除测试结果表明,60分钟内材料在可见光和紫外光条件下对刚果红去除率分别为96%和98%。
实施例5:
在实施例1、3、 4的基础上,不同之处为(2)加入的三价金属盐为乙酸铁;获得的材料依靠存在的铁氧化物使比饱和磁化强度可达到~6 emu/g可以进行磁性回收。
实施例6:
在实施例1-5的基础上,不同之处为(1)使用洋葱膜,洋葱膜更容易剥离和收集。
实施例7:
在实施例1-5的基础上,不同之处为(1)使用竹膜,竹膜更具有韧性和一定强度,可以多次使用。

Claims (8)

1.一种复合材料,该复合材料由片层水滑石构成的花状形貌,水滑石上镶嵌银颗粒。
2.如权利要求1所述一种复合材料,其特征在于水滑石中镶嵌的银颗粒直径为50-200nm,水滑石片层厚度约为20nm,产品尺寸为1-2微米,比表面积大于70m2/g-100m2/g,银的摩尔量占总金属离子摩尔量的5%。
3.如权利要求2所述一种复合材料,其特征在于所述的水滑石中三价阳离子为铝离子或铁离子中的一种,二价阳离子为锌离子或镁离子或铜离子中的一种。
4.如权利要求3所述一种复合材料,其特征在于所述的水滑石中阴离子为醋酸根离子和氢氧根离子。
5.一种复合材料制备方法,具体步骤包括:(1)取蛋壳膜或洋葱膜或竹膜中的一种清洗干净后获得膜材料A;
(2)室温下,配制去离子水、乙醇、硝酸体积比为90:9:1的混合溶剂1L,按照二价离子、三价离子和银摩尔比为20:5:1加入二价离子乙酸盐、三价离子乙酸盐和乙酸银加入到混合溶液中,使二价离子浓度为0.2mol/L,搅拌1小时,将该混合溶液分装于小瓶中,用膜材料A覆盖瓶口、固定,既得反应器;
(3)将所述反应器置入到含有0.1 mol/L氢氧化钠的溶液中,在60℃的条件下,使目标产物在膜材料A表面成核、生长6小时,将获得的沉淀过滤、120℃干燥24小时,即制得银/水滑石复合材料。
6.如权利要求5所述一种复合材料制备方法,其特征在于所述的二价离子为锌离子或镁离子或铜离子中的一种。
7.如权利要求6所述一种复合材料制备方法,其特征在于所述的三价离子为铝离子或铁离子中的一种。
8.如权利要求7所述一种复合材料制备方法,其特征在于所述的三价离子为铝离子,所述的二价离子为镁离子,步骤(2)干燥后在350 ℃条件下焙烧2小时。
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CN108421083A (zh) * 2018-02-26 2018-08-21 天津理工大学 一种双膦酸盐药物插层水滑石医用镁合金涂层及其制备方法与应用
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