CN106731571A - 一种汽车喷涂VOCs的净化装置及其方法 - Google Patents
一种汽车喷涂VOCs的净化装置及其方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种汽车喷涂行业VOCs的净化装置及其方法，包括一套由多元多相塔、第一旋流塔、第二洗涤塔、光催化塔相结合的处理汽车喷涂行业的废气处理设备，所述喷涂产生的废气依次经过多元多相塔、第一旋流塔、第二旋流塔、光催化净化塔可以高效的处理VOCs，实现VOCs废气的零排放，彻底消除了汽车喷涂行业VOCs废气对环境的排放污染，整个处理过程简单易操作且处理效率高，对节约资源减少成本具有重大意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机废气处理方法的技术领域，尤其涉及处理汽车喷涂行业VOCs的净化装置及其处理方法。
背景技术
汽车喷涂车间要对工件进行漆前处理、电泳和喷漆。涂漆工序包括喷漆、流平和烘干，在这些工序中会产生有机废气（VOCs）及过喷漆雾。
喷漆室废气
为维持喷涂的作业环境，根据劳动安全卫生法的规定，喷涂作业时，喷漆室内应连续换风，换风速度应控制在（0.25～1）m/s的范围内。喷漆室换风排气废气的主要组成为喷漆挥发的有机溶剂，其主要成分为芳香烃（三苯及非甲烷总烃类）、醇醚类、酯类有机溶剂，由于喷漆室的排风量很大，所以排出的有机废气总浓度很低，通常在100mg/m3左右。另外，喷漆室的排气中经常还含有少量未处理完全的漆雾，特别是干式漆雾捕集喷漆室，排气中漆雾较多，可能成为废气处理的障碍，废气处理前必须预处理。
晾置室废气
面漆在喷涂之后烘干之前，要进行流平晾置，湿漆膜在晾置过程中有机溶剂挥发，为防止晾置室内有机溶剂聚集发生爆炸事故，晾置室应连续换风，换风速度一般控制在0.2m/s左右，排风废气的成分与喷漆室排风废气的成分相近，但不含漆雾，有机废气的总浓度比喷漆室废气偏大，根据排风量大小不同，一般在喷漆室废气浓度的2倍左右，可达到300mg/m3，通常与喷漆室排风混合后集中处理。另外，调漆间、面漆污水循环水池也要排放类似的有机废气。
烘干废气
烘干废气的成分比较复杂，除包含有机溶剂、部分增塑剂或树脂单体等挥发成分，还包含热分解生成物、反应生成物。电泳底漆与溶剂型面漆烘干均有废气排出，但其成分与浓度差别较大。分析可知，来自喷漆室、晾置室、调漆间、面漆污水处理间的废气，为低浓度、大流量常温废气，污染物的主要组成为芳香烃、醇醚类、酯类有机溶剂。对照《大气污染综合排放标准》，这些废气的浓度一般在排放限值以内，为应对标准中排放速率要求，多数汽车厂采取高空排放的办法。这种办法虽然可以满足目前排放标准，但废气实质上是未经处理稀释排放，一条大型的车身喷涂线每年排放的气体污染物总量可能高达数百吨，对大气造成的危害非常严重。
工件通过输送链进入喷粉房的喷枪位置准备喷涂作业。静电发生器通过喷枪枪口的电极针向工件方向的空间释放高压静电(负极)，该高压静电使从喷枪口喷出的粉末和压缩空气的混合物以及电极周围空气电离(带负电荷)。工件经过挂具通过输送链接地(接地极)，这样就在喷枪和工件之间形成一个电场粉末在电场力和压缩空气压力的双重推动下到达工件表面，依靠静电吸引在工件表面形成一层均匀的涂层。
现阶段没有针对汽车喷涂VOCs的净化装置及其方法，常规方法有如下几种：
吸附法，活性炭吸附可以快速有效的吸附VOCs，但是由于汽车喷涂废气中含有漆雾漆渣容易堵塞活性炭，其中活性炭易饱和，使用成本过高。
洗涤法，洗涤法是利用水或者化学物质对VOCs吸收和化学反应，其中对难溶于水的汽车喷涂中的VOCs很难处理。
RTO催化燃烧法，RTO催化燃烧对VOCs浓度有要求，且不能含有金属、卤族元素会引起催化剂中毒，限制较多，且喷涂行业VOCs的漆雾漆渣进行去除前期需要预处理，但是如果处理不彻底溶液对RTO装置造成损坏，RTO技术在喷涂行业由于其VOCs浓度低很少应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对目前含汽车喷涂行业废气处理技术效果差，运行成本高，运行不稳定等问题，提供一种能够高效的处理汽车喷涂行业废气处理的方法。
本发明的目的是提供了一套由多元多相塔、第一旋流塔、第二洗涤塔、紫外灯光催化技术相结合的处理汽车喷涂行业的废气处理设备。汽车喷涂行业废气先进入多元多相塔进行预处理，使废气漆雾中大颗粒漆渣，漆雾中的小颗粒聚合物和有机物VOCs进入喷淋旋流塔，使废气与水充分接触，其中漆雾中的小颗粒聚合物与AB剂絮凝剂在旋流塔内形成漆渣，且可以降低废气中VOCs的含量， 第二洗涤塔内加入fenton氧化剂可以对有机物中的三苯类、醇醚类、酯类有机溶剂。未被分解的低浓度三苯类VOCs进入光催化净化塔的光催化反应腔内进行光化学反应生成二氧化碳和水，光催化净化塔设有纳米复合型锐钛型二氧化钛光触媒及紫外灯；在室温下，当波长在253.7nm以下的光量子照射到二氧化钛颗粒上时，在价带的电子被光量子所激发，跃迁到导带形成自由电子，而在价带形成一个带正电的空穴，这样就形成电子－空穴对。利用所产生的空穴的氧化及自由电子的还原能力，二氧化钛和表面接触的H2O、O2发生反应，产生氧化力极强的自由基，这些自由基可分解几乎所有有机物质，将其所含的氢（H）和碳（C）变成水和二氧化碳。
在光量子照射下，当空气旋流进入滤网，即进入光催化反应腔时，高能“电子－空穴”对迅即与毒有害的有机废气直接进行化学反应，氧化、分解为无污染的水和二氧化碳等。
其核心是首先用光离子体产生高能量电子，直接分解如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、非甲烷总烃等，其迅速降解生成CO2，H2O，再利用光触媒的作用，降解尚未被降解的各类有害气体，从而达到对废气气体较为满意的综合降解效果。
发明汽车喷涂行业废气的处理方法包括利用物理吸附、化学反应、光催化、光氧化在装置上进行废气净化处理，系统运行安全、能耗低、废气处理效率高且彻底，对汽车喷涂行业中产生的有机废气有非常好的处理效果。
具体实施方式
所述多元多相塔是不锈钢长方体外观，废气从多元多相塔通过棕网、玻璃纤维、过滤棉，且在多元多相塔顶部装有喷淋装置，
所述的一级旋流塔气液质量比1:3，所述旋流塔水箱里加入AB剂对漆雾中的大分子进行絮凝，同时在水箱里设有捞渣机可以对漂浮出的漆渣进行处理。
所述二级洗涤塔的水箱中添加fenton试剂，利用fenton试剂产生的大量氢氧自由基氧化分解废气中的甲苯、二甲苯、脂类等VOCs气体。
所述光催化氧化塔内的光触媒采用过氧钛酸溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2薄膜并对其进行Fe、Cu掺杂改性得到改性光触媒。
所述改性光触媒通过以下方法制备：（1）在PH=3的酸性条件下加入30%浓度的双氧水和二氧化钛在磁子搅拌器加入40摄氏度8小时，（2）添加一定量的氨水逐步滴加至改性的二氧化钛中搅拌4小时，（3）在上述溶液中滴加硫酸亚铁溶液进行改性，搅拌1小时代用，（4）将载体浸泡在改性的光触媒溶液中进行超声负载30min后取出，紫外光晾干，记得到可用用光催化塔内的光触媒载体。所述改性光触媒组装的光催化塔对低浓度40ppm以下的甲苯、二甲苯、酮类降解效率在80%以上。
Claims (7)
1.一种汽车喷涂VOCs的净化装置及其方法，包括多元多相塔、一级洗涤塔、二级洗涤塔和光催化塔组成，汽车喷涂VOCs废气先进入多元多相塔对大颗粒漆渣和粉尘进行物理阻挡，所述一级、二级洗涤塔用于去除汽车喷涂废气中的漆雾和化学氧化VOCs废气，所述光催化塔内含有光触媒、光触媒载体和紫外灯，其用于去除未被化学氧化的低浓度甲苯、二甲苯、脂类、酮类有机物废气。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述多元多相塔是不锈钢长方体外观，废气从多元多相塔通过棕网、玻璃纤维、过滤棉，且在多元多相塔顶部装有喷淋装置，用于去除漆渣减少风阻。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述的一级旋流塔气液质量比1:3，所述旋流塔水箱里加入AB剂对漆雾中的大分子进行絮凝，同时在水箱里设有捞渣机可以对漂浮出的漆渣进行处理。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述二级洗涤塔的水箱中添加fenton试剂，利用fenton试剂产生的大量氢氧自由基氧化分解废气中的甲苯、二甲苯、脂类等VOCs气体。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述光催化氧化塔内的光触媒采用过氧钛酸溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2薄膜并对其进行Fe、Cu掺杂改性得到改性光触媒。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述改性光触媒通过以下方法制备：（1）在PH=3的酸性条件下加入30%浓度的双氧水和二氧化钛在磁子搅拌器加入40摄氏度8小时，（2）添加一定量的氨水逐步滴加至改性的二氧化钛中搅拌4小时，（3）在上述溶液中滴加硫酸亚铁溶液进行改性，搅拌1小时代用，（4）将载体浸泡在改性的光触媒溶液中进行超声负载30min后取出，紫外光晾干，记得到可用用光催化塔内的光触媒载体。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述改性光触媒组装的光催化塔对低浓度40ppm以下的甲苯、二甲苯、酮类降解效率在80%以上。
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| CN110559821A (zh) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-12-13 | 扬州工业职业技术学院 | 一种工业废气化学处理装置及其处理方法 |
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| CN110559821A (zh) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-12-13 | 扬州工业职业技术学院 | 一种工业废气化学处理装置及其处理方法 |
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