CN105521705A - 一种低温等离子体协同催化治理有机废气的方法 - Google Patents
一种低温等离子体协同催化治理有机废气的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105521705A CN105521705A CN201610045034.1A CN201610045034A CN105521705A CN 105521705 A CN105521705 A CN 105521705A CN 201610045034 A CN201610045034 A CN 201610045034A CN 105521705 A CN105521705 A CN 105521705A
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- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
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- 230000002153 concerted Effects 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 title abstract 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N AI2O3 Inorganic materials 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[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound 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[O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/38—Removing components of undefined structure
- B01D53/44—Organic components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/76—Gas phase processes, e.g. by using aerosols
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8678—Removing components of undefined structure
- B01D53/8687—Organic components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/102—Carbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/104—Alumina
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/116—Molecular sieves other than zeolites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
Abstract
本发明公开了一种低温等离子体协同催化治理有机废气的方法，其治理步骤如下：1)将待处理有机废气进行预处理，利用水冷、过滤方式对有机废气进行降温、除尘、除湿处理；2)将预处理后的有机废气送入低温等离子体协同催化区域，利用低温等离子体协同催化作用把有机废气进行分解，生成无害小分子；3)将低温等离子体协同催化区域处理后的气体送入吸附反应区，利用吸附剂吸附未完全反应的有机分子和高能分子，使有机分子进一步氧化分解；4)将分解氧化后的无污染的气体通过排放塔排放。本发明对有机废气净化效率高，效果好，受各种环境和外在的条件影响小，特别是大流量、低浓度、成分复杂的有机废气，净化效率高。
Description
技术领域
[0001]本发明涉及环境工程与等离子体科学技术领域，更具体地说涉及一种低温等离子体协同催化治理有机废气的方法。
背景技术
[0002]随着社会经济的不断发展、工业化进程的不断加快，环境和能源问题日益受到人们的关注。大规模的工业生产以及人们日常生活的排放，会产生大量不同程度的有机废气，对人类的生存环境造成了严重的威胁。目前，大部分工业有机废气具有低浓度、大风量、多组分等特点，传统的治理工艺已经不能达到治理要求。
[0003]传统的治理方法包括吸收法、吸附法、冷凝法和生物法。活性炭吸附的投资费用较低，并且处理效果好，是最常用的有机废气处理工程技术。但是由于活性炭吸附饱和后需要再生，所以采用活性炭吸附的运行费用较高，且操作过程复杂。生物处理方法投资与运行费用均较低，但运行操作复杂，占地面积大，存在二次污染的可能性。催化燃烧方法存在着吸附浓缩一一再脱附燃烧的过程，设备体积较大，催化剂价格高，一次投资大等问题。
[0004]近年来，低温等离子体技术已经引起越来越多的关注，等离子体被称作除固态、液态和气态之外的第四种物质存在形态，是由电子、离子、自由基和中性粒子组成的，整体保持电中性。在低温等离子体内，有大量的高能电子及高能电子产生的.0、.0H等活性粒子，然后引发一系列复杂的物理、化学反应，使复杂的大分子污染物转变为简单的小分子物质，或使有毒有害物质转变为无毒无害或低毒低害物质，从而使污染物得以降解去除。低温等离子体技术具有工艺简单、处理流程短、投资少、占地小、去除率高、运行费用低(主要表现为电费)、适用范围广等特点。
[0005] 利用低温等离子体处理有机废气和恶臭废气时，也还存在一些问题:1、在较低放电电压下，对一些结构稳定的有机废气去除效率不高;2、污染气体停留时间短;3、等离子体在净化过程中可产生毒性更高的中间产物或者是是比原分子更难降解的中间产物，存在氧化不完全和臭氧残留导致二次污染的问题。
[0006]针对上述单一等离子体处理技术的不足，我们提出了等离子体协同催化吸附技术。本发明是等离子体、催化和吸附三大技术的优势叠加、劣势互补的高效去除有机废气技术。本发明的目的是提供一种低温等离子体和催化剂联合去除有机废气集成技术和应用。
发明内容
[0007]针对目前工业有机废气中低浓度、大气量、成分复杂的有机废气的处理，提供一种低温等离子体协同催化吸附技术治理有机废气方法。
[0008]为了实现上述技术目的，本发明采取如下技术方案:一种低温等离子体协同催化治理有机废气的方法，其治理步骤如下:
[0009] I)预处理
[0010]将待处理有机废气进行预处理，利用水冷、过滤方式对有机废气进行降温、除尘、除湿处理；
[0011] 2)低温等离子体协同催化反应
[0012]将步骤I预处理后的有机废气送入低温等离子体协同催化区域，利用低温等离子体协同催化作用把有机废气进行分解，生成无害小分子；
[0013] 3)吸附反应
[0014]将步骤2低温等离子体协同催化区域处理后的气体送入吸附反应区，利用吸附剂吸附未完全反应的有机分子和高能分子，使有机分子进一步氧化分解；
[0015] 4)达标排放
[0016]将步骤3分解氧化后的无污染的气体通过排放塔排放。
[0017]进一步地，所述步骤3的吸附反应区采用吸附剂作为基体，所述吸附剂采用蜂窝状模块化结构，所述吸附剂材质为活性炭、活性氧化铝、分子筛和硅胶的一种或几种。
[0018] 进一步地，所述步骤I的工作温度< 60°C，工作相对湿度< 80%，其中步骤I中无凝结水，灰尘直径5 0.1mmο
[0019] 进一步地，所述步骤I的预处理系统包括降温处理、除尘处理和除湿处理。
[0020] 一种低温等离子体协同催化治理有机废气的方法，包括依次设置的预处理装置、低温等离子体协同催化装置、吸附反应装置和引风机，所述引风机的出气端设置排放塔。
[0021]进一步地，所述低温等离子体协同催化装置包括有壳体，所述壳体的底端设置支撑脚，所述壳体的一端设置进风口，所述壳体内设置低温等离子体协同催化放电区，所述壳体的另一端设置出风口，所述壳体的侧壁设置安装口。
[0022]进一步地，所述低温等离子体协同催化区域是低温等离子体发生装置和催化剂集成一体，所述低温等离子体的发生模式采用双介质阻挡放电模式，所述催化剂载体固定在低温等离子体放电区。
[0023]进一步地，所述的低温等离子体协同催化装置采用栅状放电结构，所述栅状放电结构垂直摆放在有机废气进入通道，所述放电电源采用高压高频放电电源，所述催化剂为贵金属。
[0024] 进一步地，所述的高压高频放电电源输入电源为220VAC、50Hz，其输出高压交流电源电压峰值为10kV，高压变压器包括油浸变压器和干式变压器。
[0025]进一步地，所述的栅状放电结构是一个标准的放电模块，根据处理废气的种类、风量、浓度等参数确定放电模块数量，摆放层数等。
[0026]本发明的技术特点和效果为:
[0027] I)本发明将催化剂放在等离子体放电区域内，后端又做了吸附处理阶段。避免了单纯等离子体或者吸附系统对于有机废气治理的不够充分和吸收不完全的问题。大大提高了废气治理的效果。
[0028] 2)本发明采用的技术和装置适用于低浓度、大气量、成分复杂的有机废气的处理。
[0029] 3)可以在常温下进行反应，不需要增加燃烧和升温装置。
[0030] 4)催化剂在低温等离子体中间起到降低了反应活化能的作用，并提供了一个反应空间，使得活性物质和有机物分子快速反应。后端添加一个吸附反应区，使得未反应完全的物质继续反应，处理的更加完全，不会产生二次污染。
[0031]且本发明不是把几种技术简单的集成，而是通过协同的方式，一般的，在同样处理效率情况下，其能耗是低温等离子体技术70%。对难降解的有机分子，同样功率、温度、压力等条件下，本发明的降解效率更优，例如对于甲苯处理，只通过低温等离子体技术处理，降解效率能达到70%，同样的放电功率，本发明降解效率可以达到95%。
附图说明
[0032]图1是本发明的流程图。
[0033]图2为本发明的结构示意图。
[0034]图3为低温等离子体协同催化装置的结构示意图。
[0035]其中，1、预处理系统;2、低温等离子体协同催化装置;3、吸附反应装置;4、引风机；
5、排放塔;6、进风口； 7、装置壳体;8、安装口； 9、低温等离子体协同催化放电区；10、出风口；
11、装置支撑脚。
具体实施方式
[0036]为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
[0037]请参照图1-图3，本发明提供一种低温等离子体协同催化治理有机废气的方法，
[0038] 首先，预处理
[0039]将待处理有机废气进行预处理，利用水冷、过滤方式对有机废气进行降温、除尘、除湿处理；
[0040]其次，低温等离子体协同催化反应
[0041]将预处理后的有机废气送入低温等离子体协同催化区域，利用低温等离子体协同催化作用把有机废气进行分解，生成无害小分子；
[0042]再次，吸附反应
[0043]将低温等离子体协同催化区域处理后的气体送入吸附反应区，利用吸附剂吸附未完全反应的有机分子和高能分子，使有机分子进一步氧化分解；
[0044]最后达标排放
[0045]将分解氧化后的无污染的气体通过排放塔排放。
[0046]步骤3的吸附反应区采用吸附剂作为基体，吸附剂采用蜂窝状模块化结构，吸附剂材质为活性炭、活性氧化铝、分子筛和硅胶的一种或几种。
[0047] 步骤I的预处理系统包括降温处理、除尘处理和除湿处理。
[0048]请参照图1-图3，优选地，包括依次设置的预处理装置1、低温等离子体协同催化装置2、吸附反应装置3和引风机4，引风机4的出气端设置排放塔5。
[0049]请参照图1-图3，优选地，低温等离子体协同催化装置2包括有壳体7，壳体7的底端设置支撑脚11，壳体7的一端设置进风口 6，壳体7内设置低温等离子体协同催化放电区9，壳体7的另一端设置出风口 10，壳体7的侧壁设置安装口 8。
[0050]请参照图1-图3，优选地，步骤2中的低温等离子体协同催化区域是低温等离子体协同催化装置2和催化剂集成一体，低温等离子体的发生模式采用双介质阻挡放电模式，催化剂载体固定在低温等离子体放电区。
[0051]请参照图1-图3，优选地，低温等离子体协同催化装置2采用栅状放电结构，栅状放电结构垂直摆放在有机废气进入通道，放电电源采用高压高频放电电源，催化剂为贵金属催化剂。
[0052] 请参照图1-图3，优选地，高压高频放电电源输入电源为220VAC、50Hz，其输出高压交流电源电压峰值为10kV，高压变压器包括油浸变压器和干式变压器。
[0053]请参照图1-图3，优选地，栅状放电结构是一个标准的放电模块，根据处理废气的种类、风量、浓度等参数确定放电模块数量，摆放层数等。
[0054] 请参照图1，优选地，预处理系统包括降温处理、除尘处理和除湿处理。
[0055]收集的有机废气通过管道进入预处理系统中，预处理系统包括废气降温设备、除尘设备、和除湿设备，可以是一个设备系统或者多少设备集成，使得预处理后的有机废气温度、湿度、灰尘量处在低温等离子体协同催化作用下最适合的条件；
[0056]预处理后的气体送入低温等离子体协同催化装置，利用低温等离子体协同催化作用把有机废气进行分解，生成无害小分子。
[0057]低温等离子体放电模块采用高频高压电源放电，高频高压电源输入要求市电220VAC，50Hz，输出通过高压电缆连接到放电模块，输出峰值控制在1KV以下，频率控制在I OKHz—20KHz;该放电电源效率更高，在产生同样能量密度的低温等离子体条件下，能耗更小。
[0058]将低温等离子体体协同催化设备处理后的气体通过风管送入吸附反应装置，利用吸附剂吸附未完全反应的有机分子和高能分子，使有机分子进一步氧化分解。该吸附反应区采用吸附剂作为基体，通常采用蜂窝状模块结构，风阻更小、更方便安装和更换。
[0059]将分解氧化后的无污染的气体通过引风机和排放塔达标排放。
[0060]低温等离子体协同催化装置采用方形结构，可以采用卧式或者立式结构，进入装置内部的气体通过分流均匀分布在设备内部，然后直接进入低温等离子体协同催化放电区，该放电采用双介质阻挡放电模式，放电模块采用栅状放电结构，通过的气体垂直放电模块，放电模块至少一层布满设备截面，催化剂载体固定在低温等离子体放电区；催化剂采用贵金属催化剂。高压放电产生的高能活性电子与空气中的水蒸气、氧气等发生一系列碰撞反应生成短寿命的高活性粒子0.、H0.和超氧离子等。短寿命的活性粒子进一步进行重组生成如O3和H2O2等这些长寿命的高活性粒子。高活性粒子对于催化剂表面有一定的极化作用，使得催化剂表面更加均匀细化，提高了催化剂的催化性能。催化剂载体本身也具有一定的吸附作用，将污染物气体和活性粒子吸附到表面，提供反应所需的空间，延长反应的时间，降低了反应的活化能，将有机气体降解为小分子物质。本发明对有机废气净化效率高，效果好，受各种环境和外在的条件影响小，特别是大流量、低浓度、成分复杂的有机废气，净化效率高。
[0061]本发明不是把几种技术简单的集成，而是通过协同的方式，一般的，在同样处理效率情况下，其能耗是低温等离子体技术70%。对难降解的有机分子，同样功率、温度、压力等条件下，本发明的降解效率更优，例如对于甲苯处理，只通过低温等离子体技术处理，降解效率能达到70%，同样的放电功率，本发明降解效率可以达到95%。
[0062]以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种低温等离子体协同催化治理有机废气的方法，其特征在于:其治理步骤如下: 1)预处理 将待处理有机废气进行预处理，利用水冷、过滤方式对有机废气进行降温、除尘、除湿处理； 2)低温等离子体协同催化反应 将步骤I预处理后的有机废气送入低温等离子体协同催化区域，利用低温等离子体协同催化作用把有机废气进行分解，生成无害小分子； 3)吸附反应 将步骤2低温等离子体协同催化区域处理后的气体送入吸附反应区，利用吸附剂吸附未完全反应的有机分子和高能分子，使有机分子进一步氧化分解； 4)达标排放 将步骤3分解氧化后的无污染的气体通过排放塔排放。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温等离子体协同催化治理有机废气的方法，其特征在于:所述步骤3的吸附反应区采用吸附剂作为基体，所述吸附剂采用蜂窝状模块化结构，所述吸附剂材质为活性炭、活性氧化铝、分子筛和硅胶的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温等离子体协同催化治理有机废气的方法，其特征在于:所述步骤I的工作温度< 60°C，工作相对湿度< 80%，其中步骤I中无凝结水，灰尘直径<0.1mm0
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温等离子体协同催化治理有机废气的方法，其特征在于:所述步骤I的预处理系统包括降温处理、除尘处理和除湿处理。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温等离子体协同催化治理有机废气的方法，其特征在于:该方法所采用的装置包括依次设置的预处理装置(1)、低温等离子体协同催化装置(2)、吸附反应装置(3)和引风机(4)，所述引风机(4)的出气端设置排放塔(5)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种低温等离子体协同催化治理有机废气的方法，其特征在于:所述低温等离子体协同催化装置(2)包括有壳体(7)，所述壳体(7)的底端设置支撑脚(11)，所述壳体(7)的一端设置进风口(6)，所述壳体(7)内设置低温等离子体协同催化放电区(9)，所述壳体(7)的另一端设置出风口(10)，所述壳体(7)的侧壁设置安装口(8)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温等离子体协同催化治理有机废气的方法，其特征在于:所述步骤2中的低温等离子体协同催化区域是低温等离子体发生装置和催化剂集成一体，所述低温等离子体的发生模式采用双介质阻挡放电模式，所述催化剂载体固定在低温等离子体放电区。
8.根据权利要求5所述的一种低温等离子体协同催化治理有机废气的方法，其特征在于:所述的低温等离子体协同催化装置(2)采用栅状放电结构，所述栅状放电结构垂直摆放在有机废气进入通道，所述放电电源采用高压高频放电电源，所述催化剂为贵金属。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温等离子体协同催化治理有机废气的方法，其特征在于:所述的高压高频放电电源输入电源为220VAC、50Hz，其输出高压交流电源电压峰值为I OkV，高压变压器包括油浸变压器和干式变压器。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温等离子体协同催化治理有机废气的方法，其特征在于:所述的栅状放电结构是一个标准的放电模块。
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