CN106730033B - 一种兼具抗菌和促生长的双效载药纳米颗粒微球及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种兼具抗菌和促生长的双效载药纳米颗粒微球及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN106730033B
CN106730033B CN201611024074.4A CN201611024074A CN106730033B CN 106730033 B CN106730033 B CN 106730033B CN 201611024074 A CN201611024074 A CN 201611024074A CN 106730033 B CN106730033 B CN 106730033B
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魏洪波
李德华
赵铱民
王嘉
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Fourth Military Medical University FMMU
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种兼具抗菌和促生长的双效载药纳米颗粒微球及其制备方法和应用,属于口腔材料技术领域。该种植体基台为具有微米结构的微弧氧化涂层;制备装载庆大霉素(GEN)的氧化硅纳米颗粒(SNP);然后制备PLGA‑结缔组织生长因子(CCN2)/SNP‑CCN2复合微球;并使用明胶交联法将这种微球固定微弧氧化多孔涂层中,缓慢释放CCN2作用于成纤维细胞,并长效释放庆大霉素以减少细菌黏附菌斑形成,使种植体具备促进经皮封闭和预防种植体周围炎症的能力。

Description

一种兼具抗菌和促生长的双效载药纳米颗粒微球及其制备方 法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于口腔材料技术领域,具体涉及一种兼具抗菌和促生长的双效载药纳米颗粒微球及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
恶性肿瘤、创伤及诸多先天因素造成了众多的颜面缺损及肢体缺损患者,利用经皮种植体(植入物)固位的赝复体、假体修复是目前最理想的治疗方式。但是经皮种植体(植入物)的失败率较高。研究表明:经皮钛种植体在普通患者中的失败率为15-20%,在有放疗史的患者更高达44.4%。其原因主要有两点,一:颜面赝复用种植体的经皮部位直接暴露于有菌环境,在愈合过程中易受细菌侵袭;二:临床常用的经皮光滑基台周围主要形成机械扣锁封闭,易形成纤维包囊,种植体周围软组织结合界面不能形成良好的生物学封闭。同样,牙种植体穿龈基台部位直接面对口腔有菌环境,同样面临这两个问题。
有研究尝试在种植基台表面构建多孔结构、微米凹槽、纳米划痕等改变表面形貌的方法,但其对软组织生长促进作用均不显著,促进经皮封闭效果不明显。
目前,在种植体经皮部位构建载药缓释系统来解决这个问题成为一条相对可行的途径,例如在种植经皮、穿龈表面加载含有抗生素的骨水泥,或者加载直接吸附生长因子的胶原海绵或多孔涂层。然而这些方法都存在一些缺陷,比如载体化学性质不稳定或其降解产物会诱发局部炎症反应,或缺乏可控的药物涂层缓释动力学等。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供一种兼具抗菌和促生长的双效载药纳米颗粒微球及其制备方法和应用。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现:
本发明公开的一种兼具抗菌和促生长的双效载药纳米颗粒微球的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)制备SNP-GEN载药纳米粒
将GEN溶解于氨水中,然后滴加至无水乙醇中,再缓慢加入正硅酸乙酯,充分搅拌反应,将反应产物反复离心洗涤,真空冷冻干燥,制得SNP-GEN载药纳米粒;
2)制备PLGA-CCN2/SNP-GEN复合微球
将CCN2和步骤1)制得的SNP-GEN载药纳米粒加入至质量分数为1%PVA水溶液中,超声处理使其分散均匀;
然后,将PLGA溶解于二氯甲烷中,制成质量分数为10%的PLGA-二氯甲烷溶液,然后滴加至上述处理的PVA水溶液中,超声乳化处理后,充分搅拌挥发去除二氯甲烷;
将反应液离心处理,收集沉淀,清洗、干燥后,制得PLGA-CCN2/SNP-GEN复合微球,即兼具抗菌和促生长的双效载药纳米颗粒微球。
步骤1)中,氨水的质量分数为20%~25%。
步骤1)中,GEN、氨水、无水乙醇及正硅酸乙酯的用量比为:20mg:(3~4)mL:(70~85)mL:200μL。
步骤2)中,CCN2、SNP-GEN载药纳米粒及质量分数为1%PVA水溶液的用量比为:20μg:(8~15)mg:(15~25)mL;
将200mg PLGA溶解在2mL二氯甲烷中,制成质量分数为10%的PLGA-二氯甲烷溶液。
步骤2)中,超声处理是采用细胞破碎仪超声处理200s;超声乳化处理时间为100s。
步骤2)中,反应液离心处理是在12000~15000rpm下,处理8~12min;清洗采用去离子水将沉淀反复清洗5遍,干燥为真空冷冻干燥。
本发明还公开了采用上述方法制得的兼具抗菌和促生长的双效载药纳米颗粒微球。
本发明还公开了采用上述的兼具抗菌和促生长的双效载药纳米颗粒微球制备钛经皮种植基台的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备微弧氧化多孔涂层
选用纯钛种植基台,将其表面清洁处理后,采用微弧氧化技术在种植基台表面制备具有微米结构的多孔涂层;
其中,微弧氧化电解质溶液由0.04Mβ-甘油磷酸二钠盐五水、0.2M乙酸钙的去离子水溶液组成,电源电压为300V,频率为600Hz,占空比8%,处理时间5分钟,阳极为纯钛片,阴极为不锈钢锅;试件依次用丙酮、无水乙醇、去离子水超声清洗10分钟,干燥后备用;
(2)明胶法将兼具抗菌和促生长的双效载药纳米颗粒微球固定至种植基台表面的微弧氧化多孔涂层中
首先,将PLGA-CCN2/SNP-GEN复合微球加入至质量分数为0.1%的明胶溶液中,细胞破碎仪超声处理,使其在明胶溶液中分散均匀;
然后,将上述分散均匀的液体滴加至步骤(1)制得的种植基台表面,漩涡振荡处理1~1.5h,并于4℃下干燥;
最后,浸泡于质量分数为2.5%的戊二醛溶液中,发生明胶交联反应,再用无水乙醇清洗干净,制得钛经皮种植基台。
步骤(1)中,对纯钛种植基台进行表面清洁处理,是将其表面用碳化硅砂纸打磨抛光后,依次用丙酮、无水乙醇、去离子水超声清洗10分钟后,干燥备用。
步骤(2)中,PLGA-CCN2/SNP-GEN复合微球与质量分数为0.1%的明胶溶液的用量比为:(3~5)mg:1mL。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益的技术效果:
本发明公开的载药纳米颗粒微球,先制备装载庆大霉素(GEN)的氧化硅纳米颗粒(SNP);然后制备PLGA-结缔组织生长因子(CCN2)/SNP-CCN2复合微球,使其兼具抗菌和促生长的双效功能,其原料来源廉价、制作工艺简单、缓释时间可控长效且降解产物无副作用,同时可方便、稳定的将纳米颗粒复合到种植体(植入物)表面,为提高经皮种植成功率提供解决方案。此双效载药纳米颗粒微球可用于经皮钛种植体(植入物)表面处理,同样可用于牙种植体基台表面处理,通过不同的复合方法,还可用于其他非钛材植入物经皮部位的处理,应用范围十分广泛。
本发明还公开了将上述载药纳米颗粒微球采用明胶交联技术制备钛经皮种植基台的方法,使用明胶交联法将这种载药纳米颗粒微球固定在种植基台表面的微弧氧化多孔涂层中,缓慢释放CCN2作用于成纤维细胞,并长效释放庆大霉素以减少细菌黏附菌斑形成,使种植体具备促进经皮封闭和预防种植体周围炎症的能力。经涂层体外缓释实验证实,CCN2可缓释60天,GEN可缓释90天,体外细胞毒性实验证实其与成纤维细胞具有较好的相容性。
附图说明
图1为纯钛经皮种植体基台经微弧氧化处理后的扫描电镜图像;
图2为SNP-GEN载药纳米粒的扫描电镜图像;
图3为PLGA-CCN2/SNP-GEN复合微球的扫描电镜图像;
图4为经皮种植基台表面复合缓释涂层的扫描电镜图像;
图5为经皮种植体基台接种细胞后的扫描电镜图像;
图6为本基台释放CCN2的缓释曲线;
图7为cck-8法测定成纤维细胞在经皮种植体基台表面的细胞活力图;
图8为本基台释放GEN的缓释曲线;
图9为经皮种植体基台接种细菌24h后的菌落计数统计图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明,所述是对本发明的解释而不是限定。
本发明公开的经皮种植体基台,其外表面为具有微米形貌的微弧氧化涂层(参见图1),该微弧氧化涂层交联有PLGA-CCN2/SNP-GEN复合微球(图3)。
一、上述经皮种植体基台的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备微弧氧化涂层
①选用纯钛种植体基台,将其表面用碳化硅砂纸打磨抛光后,依次用丙酮、无水乙醇、去离子水超声清洗10分钟后,干燥后备用;
②采用微弧氧化技术在种植体基台表面制备具有微米结构的多孔涂层。
微弧氧化具体方法:
微弧氧化电解质溶液由0.04Mβ-甘油磷酸二钠盐五水、0.2M乙酸钙的去离子水溶液组成,电源电压为300V,频率为600Hz,占空比8%,处理时间5分钟,阳极为纯钛片,阴极为不锈钢锅。试件依次用丙酮、无水乙醇、去离子水超声清洗10分钟,干燥后备用。
(2)制备SNP-GEN载药纳米粒
具体方法如下:
①取20mg GEN溶解在3.4ml 25%氨水中;
②将上述液体滴加至75ml无水乙醇,然后在其中缓慢加入200μL正硅酸乙酯;磁力搅拌下反应至少24小时;
③将产物反复离心洗涤,真空冷冻干燥后得到白色粉末即为SNP-GEN载药纳米粒,参见图2。
(3)制备PLGA-CCN2/SNP-GEN复合微球
采用乳液溶剂蒸发法制备复合微球。
具体方法:
①精确称量20μgCCN2和10mg步骤3中冷冻干燥的SNP-GEN载药纳米粒加入至20ml1%PVA水溶液中,细胞破碎仪超声处理200秒,使其在PVA水溶液中分散均匀;
②称取200mg PLGA溶解在2ml二氯甲烷中形成10%PLGA-二氯甲烷溶液;
③将10%PLGA-二氯甲烷溶液逐滴滴加到上述PVA水溶液,超声乳化100秒;
④将样品于室温下在通风橱内磁力搅拌24小时以挥发除尽未反应的二氯甲烷;
⑤将反应液以15000rpm离心10分钟,所得沉淀用去离子水反复清洗5遍,真空冷冻干燥后得到白色粉末为PLGA-CCN2/SNP-GEN复合微球(参见图3)。
(4)制备复合缓释涂层
明胶交联法制备复合缓释涂层。
具体方法:
①取4mg步骤3冷冻干燥的PLGA-CCN2/SNP-GEN复合微球加入至1ml0.1%明胶溶液中,细胞破碎仪超声处理20分钟,使其在明胶溶液中分散均匀;
②吸取400μL上述液体滴至步骤2制备的基台表面,漩涡振荡器上振荡60分钟;4度干燥;
③将其浸泡在2.5%戊二醛溶液中30分钟使明胶发生交联反应,无水乙醇清洗3次,参见图4。
二、本发明制得的经皮种植基台接种细胞实验:
具体步骤如下:
(1)细胞接种及培养
(i)制备细胞悬液:成纤维细胞铺满瓶底约80%时,于室温条件用0.25%胰蛋白酶消化离心稀释后,制备成5000/ml悬液。
(ii)将复合涂层种植体基台安放96孔板,然后将细胞接种于材料表面,细胞的接种浓度为1000/孔。
(iii)加入DMEM细胞培养液在37℃下继续培养24小时。
(2)细胞固定脱水:
(i)将达到培养时间的孔板中的培养液去除,用PBS将未粘附的细胞漂洗洗干净。
(ii)将复合涂层种植体基台置于2.5%戊二醛溶液中4℃过夜固定。
(iii)30%-100%乙醇溶液梯度脱水,干燥喷金后电镜观测。
结果参见图5,可见基台表面细胞生长状况良好,并且伸出明显的伪足,说明本发明所述基台对细胞生长无影响,具有较好的生物相容性。
三、本发明制得的基台释放CCN2的缓释实验
具体步骤如下:
(1)将经皮种植体基台置于分子量为100kDa的透析袋内。
(2)把透析袋浸没在50ml PBS溶液中。
(3)密封后置于振荡培养箱中恒速振荡。
(4)在预定的时间点从袋外缓冲液中取样1ml,并立即补加等量PBS。
(5)用ELISA试剂盒测定相应时间点的药物浓度,并绘制曲线。
结果参见图6,结果表明,复合涂层种植体基台可有效释放CCN2,长达2个月,且初期突释不明显。
四、cck-8法测定成纤维细胞在经皮种植体基台表面的细胞活力
具体步骤如下:
(1)细胞接种及培养
(i)制备细胞悬液:成纤维细胞铺满瓶底约80%时,于室温条件用0.25%胰蛋白酶消化离心稀释后,制备成5000/ml悬液。
(ii)将复合涂层种植体基台安放96孔板,然后将细胞接种于材料表面,细胞的接种浓度为1000/孔。
(iii)加入DMEM细胞培养液在37℃下继续培养1,3,5天。
(iv)用培养液配制10%的cck-8溶液,达到培养时间后,每孔中加入200μL。
(v)继续培养2小时后用酶联免疫仪在450nm处测定吸光度O.D值。
结果参见图7,如图可见,随着复合涂层中CCN2的释放,促进了成纤维细胞的有丝分裂,使得经皮种植体表面的成纤维细胞增殖情况明显加强,说明本发明所述基台对细胞生长无影响,具有较好的生物相容性,并能促进成纤维细胞的增殖。
五、本基台释放GEN的缓释实验
具体步骤如下:
(1)将经皮种植体基台置于分子量为100kDa的透析袋内。
(2)把透析袋浸没在50ml PBS溶液中。
(3)密封后置于振荡培养箱中恒速振荡。
(4)在预定的时间点从袋外缓冲液中取样1ml,并立即补加等量PBS。
(5)用ELISA试剂盒测定相应时间点的药物浓度,并绘制曲线。
结果参见图8,结果表明,复合涂层种植体基台可有效释放GEN长达3个月。
六、为经皮种植体基台接种细菌24h后的菌落计数统计实验
具体步骤如下:
(1)用营养肉汤培养基将金黄色葡萄球菌稀释为浓度10^6CFU/ML。
(2)各组基台与1ml上述细菌悬液共培养24h。
(3)将黏附在基台上的细菌超声振荡至PBS溶液内。
(4)将步骤(3)中的细菌PBS悬液稀释100倍后涂板。
进行菌落计数。
结果参见图9,可见与传统的光滑种植体基台相比,本发明所述的复合涂层基台表面菌落明显减少。

Claims (8)

1.一种兼具抗菌和促生长的双效载药纳米颗粒微球的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)制备SNP-GEN载药纳米粒
将GEN溶解于氨水中,然后滴加至无水乙醇中,再缓慢加入正硅酸乙酯,充分搅拌反应,将反应产物反复离心洗涤,真空冷冻干燥,制得SNP-GEN载药纳米粒;
2)制备PLGA-CCN2/SNP-GEN复合微球
将CCN2和步骤1)制得的SNP-GEN载药纳米粒加入至质量分数为1%PVA水溶液中,超声处理使其分散均匀;
然后,将PLGA溶解于二氯甲烷中,制成质量分数为10%的PLGA-二氯甲烷溶液,然后滴加至上述处理的PVA水溶液中,超声乳化处理后,充分搅拌挥发去除二氯甲烷;
将反应液离心处理,收集沉淀,清洗、干燥后,制得PLGA-CCN2/SNP-GEN复合微球,即兼具抗菌和促生长的双效载药纳米颗粒微球;
其中,步骤1)中,GEN、氨水、无水乙醇及正硅酸乙酯的用量比为:20mg:(3~4)mL:(70~85)mL:200μL;
其中,步骤2)中,CCN2、SNP-GEN载药纳米粒及质量分数为1%PVA水溶液的用量比为:20μg:(8~15)mg:(15~25)mL;
步骤2)中,将200mg PLGA溶解在2mL二氯甲烷中,制成质量分数为10%的PLGA-二氯甲烷溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的兼具抗菌和促生长的双效载药纳米颗粒微球的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,氨水的质量分数为20%~25%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的兼具抗菌和促生长的双效载药纳米颗粒微球的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,超声处理是采用细胞破碎仪超声处理200s;超声乳化处理时间为100s。
4.根据权利要求1所述的兼具抗菌和促生长的双效载药纳米颗粒微球的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,反应液离心处理是在12000~15000rpm下,处理8~12min;清洗采用去离子水将沉淀反复清洗5遍,干燥为真空冷冻干燥。
5.采用权利要求1~4中任意一项所述方法制得的兼具抗菌和促生长的双效载药纳米颗粒微球。
6.采用权利要求5所述的兼具抗菌和促生长的双效载药纳米颗粒微球制备钛经皮种植基台的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备微弧氧化多孔涂层
选用纯钛种植基台,将其表面清洁处理后,采用微弧氧化技术在种植基台表面制备具有微米结构的多孔涂层;
其中,微弧氧化电解质溶液由0.04Mβ-甘油磷酸二钠盐五水、0.2M乙酸钙的去离子水溶液组成,电源电压为300V,频率为600Hz,占空比8%,处理时间5分钟,阳极为纯钛片,阴极为不锈钢锅;试件依次用丙酮、无水乙醇、去离子水超声清洗10分钟,干燥后备用;
(2)明胶法将兼具抗菌和促生长的双效载药纳米颗粒微球固定至种植基台表面的微弧氧化多孔涂层中
首先,将PLGA-CCN2/SNP-GEN复合微球加入至质量分数为0.1%的明胶溶液中,细胞破碎仪超声处理,使其在明胶溶液中分散均匀;
然后,将上述分散均匀的液体滴加至步骤(1)制得的种植基台表面,漩涡振荡处理1~1.5h,并于4℃下干燥;
最后,浸泡于质量分数为2.5%的戊二醛溶液中,发生明胶交联反应,再用无水乙醇清洗干净,制得钛经皮种植基台。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备钛经皮种植基台的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,对纯钛种植基台进行表面清洁处理,是将其表面用碳化硅砂纸打磨抛光后,依次用丙酮、无水乙醇、去离子水超声清洗10分钟后,干燥备用。
8.根据权利要求6所述的制备钛经皮种植基台的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,PLGA-CCN2/SNP-GEN复合微球与质量分数为0.1%的明胶溶液的用量比为:(3~5)mg:1mL。
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