CN114522249B - 一种含锰涂层磷酸钙微球的制备方法及其在药物载体方面的应用 - Google Patents

一种含锰涂层磷酸钙微球的制备方法及其在药物载体方面的应用 Download PDF

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CN114522249B
CN114522249B CN202210197235.9A CN202210197235A CN114522249B CN 114522249 B CN114522249 B CN 114522249B CN 202210197235 A CN202210197235 A CN 202210197235A CN 114522249 B CN114522249 B CN 114522249B
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manganese
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韩凤选
陈起新
李斌
李家颖
孟庆琛
谢恩
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Suzhou University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种含锰涂层磷酸钙微球的制备方法及其在药物载体方面的应用,其制备方法包括以下步骤:(1)聚多巴胺改性多孔磷酸钙微球,得到具有聚多巴胺涂层的磷酸钙微球;(2)将具有聚多巴胺涂层的磷酸钙微球分散于水中,加入含锰强氧化剂反应,反应结束后离心得到含锰涂层磷酸钙微球。制备得到的含锰涂层磷酸钙微球具有载药率高、降解性时间长等特点,且微球表面修饰的含锰涂层可有效清除活性氧自由基以及改善免疫微环境;将载药的含锰涂层的磷酸钙微球与生物相容性材料通过光固化或自固化反应得到具有良好生物相容性的制剂,可让加载的药物在生物体内长时间释放以促进组织修复。

Description

一种含锰涂层磷酸钙微球的制备方法及其在药物载体方面的 应用
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医用材料领域,具体涉及一种含锰涂层磷酸钙微球的制备方法及其在药物载体方面的应用。
背景技术
人体是一个精密而复杂的系统,当人体内的组织产生损伤后,损伤部位的微环境则变化,损伤部位的酸碱度会由最初的弱碱性变为酸性,损伤部位的血管会破裂,导致损伤部位氧含量下降,同时还会产生大量的活性氧自由基(reactive oxygen species,ROS),大量的ROS会损害损伤部位的细胞,从而延缓组织修复的时间。
此外,对于一些慢性疾病,如骨质疏松症、骨关节炎等,患有这些疾病的病人体内会产生慢性的炎症,其体内的巨噬细胞多为M1型巨噬细胞,加剧了炎症反应。同时体内ROS的水平与正常人相比明显提高,当患有骨质疏松症的病人受到损伤时,不但需要改善损伤部位偏酸性、高ROS的微环境,还需要对损伤部位的免疫微环境进行调控,也需要能持续释放药物的载体来完成组织修复。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种含锰涂层磷酸钙微球的制备方法及其在药物载体方面的应用,所述含锰涂层磷酸钙微球具有载药率高、降解时间长等特点,可作为缓释制剂的药物载体,再与生物相容性好的材料复合后使负载的药物在生物体内进行缓释,同时微球表面修饰的含锰涂层可以调控ROS和免疫来改善损伤微环境,在上述协同作用下加快生物组织的修复。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供以下技术方案:
本发明第一方面提供了一种含锰涂层磷酸钙微球的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:聚多巴胺改性多孔磷酸钙微球,得到具有聚多巴胺涂层的磷酸钙微球;
S2:将具有聚多巴胺涂层的磷酸钙微球分散于水中,加入含锰强氧化剂反应,反应结束后离心得到含锰涂层磷酸钙微球。
进一步地,S1中,所述多孔磷酸钙微球的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将等量、等浓度的碳酸钠溶液、氯化钙溶液迅速混合,搅拌3-5min后离心得到碳酸钙微球;
(2)将上述制备得到的碳酸钙微球就加入(NH4)2HPO4溶液中,在70-90℃反应36-60h,离心分离产物,对产物进行洗涤、离心、干燥得到所述的多孔磷酸钙微球。
进一步地,步骤(1)中,还包括将离心得到的碳酸钙分别用去离子水、无水乙醇清洗多次,离心后置于空气中干燥的过程。
进一步地,S2中,所述含锰强氧化剂选自高锰酸钾、高锰酸钠、高锰酸钙中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述含锰涂层磷酸钙微球的粒径为5-10μm。
进一步地,所述含锰涂层为二氧化锰。
本发明第二方面提供了一种由第一方面所述制备方法制备得到的含锰涂层磷酸钙微球。
本发明第三方面提供了一种第二方面所述的含锰涂层磷酸钙微球作为药物载体在制备缓释制剂中的应用。
进一步地,先用含锰涂层磷酸钙微球复合材料负载药物和/或生长因子,再与生物相容性材料通过光固化或自固化反应得到复合材料,所述复合材料用于制备缓释制剂。
进一步地,所述生物相容性材料为甲基丙烯酰化聚谷氨酸水凝胶、甲基丙烯酰化明胶水凝胶、海藻酸钠水凝胶、磷酸钙骨水泥中的一种。
进一步地,所述药物为阿仑磷酸钠和/或成纤维细胞活化蛋白抑制剂;所述生长因子为骨形态发生蛋白和/或血管内皮生长因子。
进一步地,5mg含锰涂层磷酸钙微球对500μg药物的载药率为40%-90%。
进一步地,当所述生物相容性材料为甲基丙烯酰化聚谷氨酸水凝胶、甲基丙烯酰化明胶水凝胶或海藻酸钠水凝胶时,将负载药物和/或生长因子的含锰涂层磷酸钙微球与生物相容性材料在光引发剂的作用下,在405nm紫外光下照射3min,光交联固化得到所述复合材料。
进一步地,所述光引发剂为苯基-2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰膦酸锂。
进一步地,当所述生物相容性材料为磷酸钙骨水泥时,将负载药物和/或生长因子的含锰涂层磷酸钙微球与生物相容性材料在固化液的存在下,自固化反应得到所述复合材料。
进一步地,所述固化液为0.25%的磷酸氢二钠溶液。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1.本发明以多孔磷酸钙为载药基体,在其表面修饰聚多巴胺涂层,再利用含锰强氧化剂氧化聚多巴胺涂层表面的邻苯二酚基团,得到含锰涂层的磷酸钙微球,该复合微球具有降解时间长、载药率高等特点,可作为药物载体用于制备药物缓释剂;将负载药物的微球与生物相容性好、降解时间长的生物相容性材料复合,制备得到具有缓释效果、生物相容性好的制剂,可实现药物在体内长时间释放以促进组织修复。
2.修饰于多孔磷酸钙微球表面的含锰涂层,可有效清除损伤组织周围产生的活性氧自由基,以保护细胞免受ROS损伤,同时与ROS作用产生的二价锰离子可降低促炎的M1型巨噬细胞的数量,提高抗炎的M2型巨噬细胞的数量,从而改善免疫微环境,有利于促进生物组织的修复。
3.本发明所述的一种含锰涂层磷酸钙微球,其表面含有钙离子和锰离子,当微球分散在分子链中含有大量羧基的水凝胶中时,这些粒子会与羧基产生螯合作用,这种作用会提高水凝胶的力学强度。
4.本发明所述的一种含锰涂层磷酸钙微球,制备方法简单、稳定性好,可用作药物载体用于制备药物缓释剂,同时有利于改善损伤部分偏酸性、高ROS的微环境以及免疫微环境,在骨质疏松症、骨关节炎等慢性疾病中具有良好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中制备的CaCO3微球,CaP微球,CaP/PDA微球和MMS的扫描电镜图;
图2为实施例1中制备的CaCO3微球,CaP微球,CaP/PDA微球和MMS的X射线衍射图;
图3为实施例1中制备的MMS的元素分析;
图4为实施例2中制备的m-PGA与γ-PGA的核磁共振氢谱图;
图5为不同MMS含量的MMS/m-PGA复合水凝胶的扫描电镜图;
图6为单一m-PGA水凝胶与实施例2制备的MMS/m-PGA复合水凝胶在不同pH下的降解速率;
图7为不同MMS含量的MMS/m-PGA复合水凝胶上培养骨髓间充质干细胞的骨架染色图像;
图8为单一m-PGA水凝胶与实施例2制备的MMS/m-PGA复合水凝胶处理过氧化氢诱导后的BMSC中的ROS荧光图像;
图9为单一m-PGA水凝胶与实施例2制备的MMS/m-PGA复合水凝胶对巨噬细胞的调控;
图10为实施例1制备的MMS微球负载成纤维细胞活化蛋白抑制剂后在不同pH环境中的药物释放速率。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,以使本领域的技术人员可以更好地理解本发明并能予以实施,但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
实施例1含锰涂层的磷酸钙微球的制备
本实施例涉及一种含锰涂层磷酸钙微球的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)磷酸钙(CaP)微球的制备:将无水碳酸钠溶液(20mL,0.33M)在室温下迅速倒入等量的氯化钙溶液(0.33M)中,磁力搅拌3min后形成CaCO3微球,用去离子水和无水乙醇清洗各三遍,离心后晾干;取0.5g上述制备的CaCO3微球加入到15mL的(NH4)2HPO4溶液中,在80℃下处理48h得到CaP微球,用去离子水和无水乙醇清洗各三遍,离心后晾干;
(2)聚多巴胺改性磷酸钙(CaP/PDA)微球的制备:取120mg上述制备的CaP微球均匀分散到装有20mL去离子水的烧瓶中,再加入12mg的多巴胺盐酸盐以及200μL氨水,在45℃下磁力搅拌4h,得到CaP/PDA微球。
(3)含锰涂层的磷酸钙(MMS)微球的制备:取15mg上述制备CaP/PDA微球均匀分散到装有10mL去离子水的烧瓶中,随后将KMnO4溶液逐滴加至烧瓶中,磁力搅拌30min后,得到MMS。
对上述制备的CaCO3微球、CaP微球、CaP/PDA微球以及MMS微球进行扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)表征,以及对最终制备得到的MMS微球进行元素分析,相关表征分析结果如下:
CaCO3微球、CaP微球、CaP/PDA微球以及MMS微球的SEM图如图1所示,CaCO3微球表面相对光滑,通过离子交换反应后形成具有多孔结构的CaP微球,在CaP/PDA微球以及MMS微球表面可观察到包覆层。进而对四种不同的微球进行XRD表征,表征结果如图2所示,从CaCO3微球的XRD图上可观察到分别归属于方解石型碳酸钙以及球霰石型碳酸钙的衍射峰,由此可知,制备得到的CaCO3微球为方解石型碳酸钙与球霰石型碳酸钙的混晶;而其它三种微球的XRD图上的衍射峰均归属于碳酸根型羟基磷灰石,该现象说明CaP微球、CaP/PDA微球以及MMS微球均包含磷酸钙,步骤(2)、(3)的处理并未改变微球基体磷酸钙的结构。图3为MMS微球的元素分析图,制备得到MMS微球中包含元素C、N、O、P、Ca、Mn,由此可知,在微球表面成功制备含锰涂层。
载药率的研究:将5mg制得的MMS微球加入到1mL FAPi溶液(500μg/mL)中,震荡12小时后,通过高效液相色谱测得载药率为80.4±3.6%(载药率Q=(m0-m1)/m0×100%,其中m0为初始溶液中FAPi的含量,m1为经负载处理后剩余溶液中FAPi的含量)。
实施例2 MMS/甲基丙烯酰化聚谷氨酸(m-PGA)复合水凝胶的制备
本实施例涉及一种MMS/m-PGA复合水凝胶的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将5g纯化后的聚谷氨酸水凝胶(γ-PGA)在室温下加至装有50mL的去离子水的圆底烧瓶中,完全溶解后,加入125mg的4-二甲基吡啶搅拌1h,然后将1.25mL的甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油基酯(GMA)添加到烧瓶中,室温搅拌96h,将得到的产物经丙酮沉淀,然后经去离子水透析后冻干,最终得到m-PGA。对γ-PGA以及制备得到的m-PGA进行核磁共振氢谱分析,核磁图(图4)上m-PGA比γ-PGA在5.74和6.16ppm处多出两个新峰,对应于GMA中乙烯基质子的化学位移,这表明GMA被成功接枝到γ-PGA得到m-PGA。
(2)用含5%m-PGA(wt/v)和0.05%苯基-2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰膦酸锂(wt/v)的溶液制备凝胶溶液,然后在凝胶溶液(1mL)中分散MMS(5mg),随后将凝胶溶液置于圆柱形模具中,在405nm紫外光照射3min,光交联后得到MMS/m-PGA复合水凝胶。
实施例3 MMS/甲基丙烯酰化明胶(GelMA)复合水凝胶的制备
本实施例涉及一种MMS/GelMA复合水凝胶的制备方法,具体为:向0.5g的GelMA固体海绵中加入10mL的PBS(磷酸盐缓冲溶液),然后置于37℃水浴锅中溶解至透明状液体,接着加入0.025g光引发剂苯基-2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰膦酸锂,溶解后得到质量浓度为5%的GelMA溶液;将MMS(10mg)加入10mL的GelMA(5wt%)溶液中,用波长为405nm的蓝光光源手电筒照射3min,得到质量浓度为1%的MMS/GelMA复合水凝胶。
实施例4 MMS/磷酸钙复合骨水泥的制备
将MMS(5mg)加入一定量的磷酸钙水泥粉末(1g)中,然后置于干燥的玻璃板上;接着加入0.35mL质量浓度0.25%的磷酸氢二钠溶液,搅拌,得到水泥浆体;再将水泥浆体装入模具中,置于室温下2h固化成型,得到MMS/CaPO4复合骨水泥,将MMS/CaPO4复合骨水泥置于37℃、100%湿度环境下保存。
性能研究
以实施例2制备的MMS/m-PGA复合水凝胶为例,对其结构、降解特性、细胞相容性、对ROS的清除以及对免疫环境的影响进行研究
1.不同含量MMS对MMS/m-PGA复合水凝胶结构的影响
采用与实施例2相同的方法,仅改变复合水凝胶中的MMS含量,制备得到MMS占比(质量体积比g/mL)分别为0%、0.25%、0.5%以及1%的MMS/m-PGA复合水凝胶,对上述制备得到的复合水凝胶进行SEM表征,表征结果如图5所示,随着微球含量的增加,水凝胶的连续相结构被破坏,水凝胶的微观结构出现断裂,这表明水凝胶的力学性能随着微球含量的增加可能会下降。
2.降解试验
对实施例2制备的MMS/m-PGA复合水凝胶进行体外降解试验,将单一m-PGA水凝胶以及复合水凝胶各取相同的两组,每组4个样品,记录相应的质量,然后将两组样品分别浸泡在pH 7.4和5.5的PBS(10mL)中,在37℃下摇晃,在浸渍1天、3天、5天、7天后,用水冲洗,晾干后称量。水凝胶的剩余重量%根据以下公式计算:
剩余重量%=Wt/W0×100%
其中,Wt为不同时间点降解后剩余水凝胶的干重,W0为水凝胶的初始干重。
对相应数据进行统计并作图,结果如图6所示,由图可知,水凝胶及复合水凝胶在一周内降解量均较少,但在酸性条件下,MMS表面的含锰涂层会发生降解,导致复合水凝胶内部出现空隙,从而加快了复合水凝胶的降解。
3.细胞相容性试验
研究复合水凝胶中MMS含量对细胞相容性的影响,将相同的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)接种于不同MMS含量(0.25%、0.5%、1%w/t,g/mL)的MMS/m-PGA复合水凝胶表面,以组织培养板为对照组,2天后,用PBS洗涤BMSC,然后用4%多聚甲醛固定,并使用0.3%Triton X-100进一步处理,再加入3%的牛血清白蛋白溶液,于4℃保存过夜。
将骨髓间充质干细胞与鬼笔环肽孵育后用DAPI染色,骨架染色图像如图7所示,相对于对照组,微球含量为0.25%和0.5%时对BMSC的粘附没有明显的影响,而当微球含量增加到1%时,细胞明显呈现皱缩的状态,不利于细胞的粘附和增殖,因此将MMS/m-PGA复合水凝胶中的MMS微球的含量控制在0.5%以内,复合水凝胶的相容性更好。
4.清除ROS试验
将BMSC接种于24孔板,以组织培养板为对照组,10~12h后,用100μM H2O2处理另外三组的细胞,向其中一组内加入单一m-PGA水凝胶,另一组加入等体积的MMS/m-PGA复合水凝胶。继续培育24h后,用DCFH-DA染色试剂盒对各组的BMSC进行染色处理,用倒置荧光显微镜观察各组的荧光图像。
结果如图8所示,显示绿色荧光的细胞为ROS阳性细胞,从图中可以看出,过氧化氢的加入明显诱导细胞产生了ROS,加入单一水凝胶的试验组内ROS阳性细胞的数量无明显变化,而加入MMS/m-PGA复合水凝胶的试验组内ROS阳性细胞明显减少,该现象表明MMS可有效清除细胞内产生的ROS.
5.改善免疫微环境试验
将骨髓来源的单核巨噬细胞(BMM)接种到孔板中,以组织培养板为对照组,12h后,另外两组为试验组,向其中一组内加入单一m-PGA水凝胶,另一组加入等体积的MMS/m-PGA复合水凝胶。继续培育2天。随后收集BMM,采用流式细胞仪检测BMMs,并采用FlowJo 7.6软件对结果进行分析。为了进行分析,首先对细胞进行CD11b控制,以确保只选择髓系细胞,然后使用以下特异性标记物组合来识别M1(CD86)和M2(CD206)。实验中,每组随机抽取3个样本进行检测。
结果如图9所示,图中CD11b是巨噬细胞的标志物,CD86是M1型巨噬细胞的标志物,CD206是M2型巨噬细胞的标志物,CD11b和CD86双阳性的细胞表示M1型巨噬细胞,CD11b和CD206双阳性的细胞表示M2型巨噬细胞。从图中可以看出,包含MMS的复合水凝胶可以降低促炎的M1型巨噬细胞的数量,提高抗炎的M2型巨噬细胞的数量。由上述实验结果可知,MMS有利于改善免疫微环境。
6.药物释放试验
采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)对不同浓度的成纤维细胞活化蛋白抑制剂(FAPi)溶液进行检测,得到标准曲线。将5mg实施1制备的MMS微球浸于1mL的FAPi溶液(500μg/mL)中,置于37℃的摇床中12h,记录FAPi在溶液中的含量m0。然后离心分离微球,用高效液相色谱法检测除去MMS后的剩余溶液,根据标准曲线计算剩余溶液中FAPi的量(m1),并通过以下公式计算负载率(Q):
Q=(m0-m1)/m0×100%
将FAPi负载的MMS加入到1mL m-PGA溶液中,经UV交联后得到复合水凝胶。采用高效液相色谱法检测复合水凝胶在中性和酸性磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH5.5和pH7.4)中不同时间的FAPi释放量,结果如图10所示,复合水凝胶在酸性环境下药物释放速率更快,在一个月内,通过上述复合水凝胶负载的药物在缓冲溶液中持续释放,实现药物缓释效果。
以上所述实施例仅是为充分说明本发明而所举的较佳的实施例,本发明的保护范围不限于此。本技术领域的技术人员在本发明基础上所作的等同替代或变换,均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。

Claims (7)

1.一种复合水凝胶,其特征在于,先用含锰涂层磷酸钙微球负载药物和/或生长因子,再将负载药物和/或生长因子的含锰涂层磷酸钙微球与生物相容性材料通过光固化或自固化反应得到复合水凝胶;所述生物相容性材料为甲基丙烯酰化聚谷氨酸水凝胶、甲基丙烯酰化明胶水凝胶、海藻酸钠水凝胶、磷酸钙骨水泥中的一种;
所述含锰涂层磷酸钙微球的制备方法如下:
S1:聚多巴胺改性多孔磷酸钙微球,得到具有聚多巴胺涂层的磷酸钙微球;
S2:将具有聚多巴胺涂层的磷酸钙微球分散于水中,加入含锰强氧化剂反应,反应结束后离心得到含锰涂层磷酸钙微球;所述含锰强氧化剂选自高锰酸钾、高锰酸钠、高锰酸钙中的一种或多种;所述含锰涂层为二氧化锰;
所述复合水凝胶中含锰涂层磷酸钙微球的含量控制在0.5 wt%以内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合水凝胶,其特征在于,所述多孔磷酸钙微球的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将等量、等浓度的碳酸钠溶液、氯化钙溶液迅速混合,搅拌3-5 min后离心得到碳酸钙微球;
(2)将上述制备得到的碳酸钙微球加入(NH4)2HPO4溶液中,在70-90 ℃反应36-60 h,离心分离产物,对产物进行洗涤、离心、干燥得到所述的多孔磷酸钙微球。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的复合水凝胶,其特征在于,所述含锰涂层磷酸钙微球的粒径为5-10 μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合水凝胶,其特征在于,所述药物为阿仑磷酸钠和/或成纤维细胞活化蛋白抑制剂;所述生长因子为骨形态发生蛋白和/或血管内皮生长因子。
5.根据权利要求1所述的复合水凝胶,其特征在于,当所述生物相容性材料为甲基丙烯酰化聚谷氨酸水凝胶、甲基丙烯酰化明胶水凝胶或海藻酸钠水凝胶时,将负载药物和/或生长因子的含锰涂层磷酸钙微球与生物相容性材料在光引发剂的作用下,在405nm紫外光下照射3min,光交联固化得到所述复合水凝胶;
当所述生物相容性材料为磷酸钙骨水泥时,将负载药物和/或生长因子的含锰涂层磷酸钙微球与生物相容性材料在固化液的存在下,自固化反应得到所述复合水凝胶。
6.根据权利要求5所述的复合水凝胶,其特征在于,所述光引发剂为苯基-2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰膦酸锂;所述固化液为0.25%的磷酸氢二钠溶液。
7.一种权利要求1~6任一项所述的复合水凝胶在制备缓释制剂中的应用。
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