CN106729546A - 一种防治畜禽咳喘的药物组合物及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种防治畜禽咳喘的药物组合物及其制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防治畜禽咳喘的药物组合物及其制备工艺,所述组合物由以下重量份数的药物制成:瓜蒌15~25份,天竺黄10~20份,前胡10~20份,皂荚10~20份,侧柏叶5~15份,玄参5~15份,紫草1~10份,牵牛子1~10份,生姜1~10份。采用药物组合物功效清热化痰、止咳平喘、凉血降火,在规模化养殖畜禽的过程中能够有效防治咳喘等呼吸道疾病,提高抵抗力,缓解应激,有效防治畜禽咳喘等呼吸道疾病,提高生产效率,且可避免因过度使用化学药物、抗生素造成的药物残留,可广泛应用于畜禽养殖的实践中。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于兽用药物领域,具体涉及一种防治畜禽咳喘的药物组合物及其制备工艺。
背景技术
动物呼吸道疾病主要是由支原体、细菌、病毒、环境恶劣如氨气浓度过大等引起的一种常见疾病,临床表现以感染畜禽呼吸啰音、咳嗽、流鼻液为特征;病理变化主要表现在气管及支气管有浆液或黏液性渗出物,气囊炎、心包炎、肝周炎、肺炎等。该病对畜禽养殖业危害极大。
目前,治疗该病最常用的是各种抗菌药物,如土霉素、氯霉素、青霉素、链霉素、喹诺酮类等,由于抗菌药物普遍具有毒副作用较强和易产生耐药性等缺点,疗效显著下降,且药物残留在动物体内,其畜禽产品品质达不到无公害要求,影响畜禽产品的出口和人们的健康。而抗病毒药农业部已经严令禁止使用。中药由于粉碎粒径大或组方不合理,生物利用度低,起效较慢,效果不是很理想。因此研发一种有效防治动物呼吸道疾病的药物组合物是该领域科研技术人员急待解决的新课题之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种防治畜禽咳喘的药物组合物及其制备工艺,其功效清热化痰、凉血降火,安全性高、效果显著,有效防治畜禽咳喘等呼吸道疾病,提高生产效率。
本发明为实现上述目的采用的技术方案是:
一种防治畜禽咳喘的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物由以下重量份数的药物制成:瓜蒌15~25份,天竺黄10~20份,前胡10~20份,皂荚10~20份,侧柏叶5~15份,玄参5~15份,紫草1~10份,牵牛子1~10份,生姜1~10份。
优选的,所述组合物由以下重量份数的药物制成:瓜蒌18~22份,天竺黄13~18份,前胡13~18份,皂荚13~18份,侧柏叶8~12份,玄参8~12份,紫草2~8份,牵牛子2~8份,生姜2~8份。
更优选的,所述组合物由以下重量份数的药物制成:瓜蒌20份,天竺黄15份,前胡15份,皂荚15份,侧柏叶10份,玄参10份,紫草5份,牵牛子5份,生姜5份。
进一步的,所述药物组合物为散剂、胶囊剂、口服液、颗粒剂或片剂。
更进一步的,所述的防治畜禽咳喘的药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法具体步骤如下:
1)将瓜蒌、前胡、皂荚、侧柏叶、玄参、紫草、牵牛子和生姜加8-12倍量水煎煮2-3次,每次1-2小时,合并煎煮液,过滤,减压浓缩至相对密度1.20~1.28(50℃)、减压干燥成干膏;
2)将干膏粉碎成细粉,过100目筛,加入天竺黄粉碎粉和适量辅料,混匀,制备成相应的剂型。
优选的,步骤1)中加水量为10倍量水,煎煮次数为3次,每次1小时。
本发明另一方面提供了所述的药物组合物在制备治疗畜禽咳喘病药物中的应用,其可有效防治畜禽因各种原因引起的咳喘等症状。
本发明具有如下优点:
1)本发明以瓜蒌、天竺黄、前胡、皂荚、侧柏叶、玄参、紫草、牵牛子及生姜为原材料,利用现代先进的医药制药技术制成,具有材料易于取得,制备方法简单,低成本、易于大规模生产的特点。
2)本发明用于防治畜禽咳喘的复方中药以君臣辅佐的配合组方,功效清热化痰、止咳平喘、凉血降火,在规模化养殖畜禽的过程中能够有效防治咳喘等呼吸道疾病,提高抵抗力,缓解应激,有效防治畜禽咳喘等呼吸道疾病,提高生产效率,且可避免因过度使用化学药物、抗生素造成的药物残留,可广泛应用于畜禽养殖的实践中。
组方分析:本发明所选用的中草药,其中,瓜蒌为君药,天竺黄、前胡为臣药,皂荚、侧柏叶、玄参、紫草、牵牛子为佐药,生姜为使药。
各味药材的药性及药理分别为:
瓜蒌:甘、微苦、寒。归肺、胃、大肠经。功能主治:清热涤痰,宽胸散结,润燥滑肠。用于肺热咳嗽,痰浊黄稠,胸痹心痛,结胸痞满,乳痈,肺痈,肠痈肿痛,大便秘结。
天竺黄,为禾本科植物青皮竹Bambusa tertilis McClure或华思劳竹Schizostachyum chinense Rendle等秆内的分泌液干燥后的块状物。味甘,性寒。归心、肝经。具有清热豁痰,凉心定惊的功效。用于热病神昏,中风痰迷,小儿痰热惊痫、抽搐、夜啼。《日华子》:治中风痰壅,卒失音不语,小儿客忤及痫痰。《开宝本草》:主小儿惊风天吊,镇心明目,去诸风热,疗金疮止血,滋养五脏。《玉楸药解》:清热解毒。
前胡:味苦、辛,微寒。归肺经。散风清热,降气化痰。用于风热咳嗽痰多,痰热喘满,咯痰黄稠。《纲目》:前胡,乃手足太阴、阳明之药,与柴胡纯阳上升,入少阳、厥阴者不同也。《本草通玄》:前胡,肺肝药也。散风驱热,消痰下气,开胃化食,止呕定喘,除嗽安胎,止小儿夜啼。柴胡、前胡,均为风药,但柴胡主升,前胡主降为不同耳。《滇南本草》:解散伤风伤寒,发汗要药,止咳嗽,升降肝气,明目退翳,出内外之痰。《纲目》:清肺热,化痰热,散风邪。
皂荚:辛,温,微毒。归肺、大肠经。功能主治:祛风痰,除湿毒,杀虫。治中风口眼歪斜,头风头痛,咳嗽痰喘,肠风便血,下痢噤口,痈肿便毒,疮癣疥癞。《本经逢原》:按大小二皂,所治稍有不同,用治风痰,牙皂最胜,若治湿痰,大皂力优。《本草图经》:疏风气。
侧柏叶:苦、涩,寒。归肺、肝、脾经。功能主治:凉血止血,生发乌发。用于吐血衄血,咯血,便血,崩漏下血,血热脱发,须发早白。《本草衍义补遗》:"柏叶,补阴之要药,其性多燥,久得之,大益脾土,以滋其肺。"《本草经疏》:"侧柏叶,味苦而微温,义应并于微寒,故得主诸血崩中赤白。若夫轻身益气,令人耐寒暑,则略同于柏实之性矣。惟生肌去湿痹,乃其独擅之长也。"侧柏叶苦寒,寒能清热,又入肺经,故能清热止咳。现代常用于肺热咳,干燥或痰稠难出者,有清肺热,止咳喘之效。
玄参:甘、苦、咸,微寒。归肺、胃、肾经。功能主治:凉血滋阴,泻火解毒。用于热病伤阴,舌绛烦渴,温毒发斑,津伤便秘,骨蒸劳嗽,目赤,咽痛,瘰疠,白喉,痈肿疮毒。《本经》:"主腹中寒热积聚,女子产乳余疾,补肾气,令人明目。"《纲目》:肾水受伤,真阴失守,孤阳无根,发为火病,法宜壮水以制火,故玄参与地黄同功。其消瘰疬亦是散火,刘守真言结核是火病。《本草正义》:玄参,禀至阴之性,专主热病,味苦则泄降下行,故能治脏腑热结等证。
紫草:味甘、咸,寒。归心、肝经。凉血,活血,解毒透疹。用于血热毒盛,斑疹紫黑,麻疹不透,疮疡,湿疹,水火烫伤。《纲目》:紫草,其功长于凉血活血,利大小肠。故痘疹欲出未出,血热毒盛,大便闭涩者宜用之,已出而紫黑便切者亦可用。《本草经疏》:紫草为凉血之要药,故主心腹邪热之气。《本经》:主心腹邪气,五疸,补中益气,利九窍,通水道。《别录》:疗腹肿胀满痛。以合膏,疗小儿疮。
牵牛子:味苦、寒;有毒。归肺、肾、大肠经。主治泻水通便,消痰涤饮,杀虫攻积。用于水肿胀满,二便不通,痰饮积聚,气逆喘咳,虫积腹痛,蛔虫、绦虫病。《本草正》:牵牛,古方多为散、丸,若用救急,亦可佐群药煎服,然大泄元气,凡虚弱之人须忌之。《汤液本草》:牵牛,以气药引则入气,以大黄引则入血。.《别录》:主下气,疗脚满水肿,除风毒,利小便。《药性论》:治痃癖气块,利大小便,除水气,虚肿。落胎。《日华子本草》:取腰痛,下冷脓,并一切气壅滞。李杲:除气分湿热,三焦壅结。
生姜:辛,微温。归肺、脾、胃经。解表散寒,温中止呕,化痰止咳,解鱼蟹毒。用于风寒感冒,胄寒呕吐,寒痰咳嗽,鱼蟹中毒。《本草衍义》:生姜,治暴逆气,嚼三、两皂子大,下咽定,屡服屡定。初得寒热痰嗽,烧一块含啮之,终日间嗽自愈。暴赤眼无疮者,以古铜钱刮净姜上,取汁于钱唇点目,热泪出,今日点,来日愈。《本草经疏》:生姜所禀,与干姜性气无殊,第消痰、止呕、出汗、散风、祛寒、止泄、疏肝、导滞,则功优于干姜。《食疗本草》:除壮热,治转筋、心满。止逆,散烦闷,开胃气。
本发明的中药复方制剂,在制备成药物制剂时,必要时可加入药物可接受的载体,按照制剂学的常规技术制备。其中的中药部分可以采用中药原料药制备得到,也可以通过共同提取中药原料得到,也可以通过其他方式得到,如:通过粉碎、压榨、煅烧、研磨、过筛、渗漉、萃取、水提、醇提、酯提、酮提、层析等方法得到中药活性物质、这些中药活性物质可以是浸膏形式的物质,可以是干浸膏也可以是流浸膏,根据制剂的不同需要决定制成不同的浓度。
本发明的药物制剂形式,以单位剂量形式存在,所述单位剂量形式是指制剂的单位,如片剂的每片,胶囊的每粒胶囊,颗粒剂每袋等。
本发明的中药制剂可以是任何可药用的剂型,这些剂型包括:片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、散剂、膏剂、丹剂、粉剂、注射剂、栓剂、喷雾剂、滴剂、贴剂。本发明的制剂,优选的是口服剂型,如:胶囊剂、片剂、口服液、颗粒剂、丸剂、散剂、丹剂、膏剂等。
本发明的中药复方制剂,其口服给药的制剂可含有常用的赋形剂,诸如粘合剂、填充剂、稀释剂、压片剂、润滑剂、崩解剂、着色剂、调味剂和湿润剂。适用的填充剂包括淀粉、蔗糖、纤维素、甘露糖醇、乳糖和其它类似的填充剂。适宜的崩解剂包括淀粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和淀粉衍生物,例如羟基乙酸淀粉钠。适宜的润滑剂包括,例如硬脂酸镁。可通过混合,填充,压片等常用的方法制备固体口服组合物。进行反复混合可使活性物质分布在整个使用大量填充剂的那些组合物中。
中药复方制剂,其中中药活性成分为0.1%-99.9%,赋形剂辅料为0.1%-和99.9%。本发明的制剂在使用时根据情况确定用法用量,可以混料每日2~3次,每次按每吨饲料加入1%-5%剂量。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:
瓜蒌20份,天竺黄15份,前胡15份,皂荚15份,侧柏叶10份,玄参10份,紫草5份,牵牛子5份,生姜5份。
制备过程如下:称取处方量瓜蒌、前胡、皂荚、侧柏叶、玄参、紫草、牵牛子、生姜8位药材,加10倍量水煎煮三次,每次1小时,合并煎煮液,滤过,静置过夜、滤取上清液,减压浓缩至相对密度1.21~1.27(50℃)、干燥成干膏。干膏和天竺黄粉碎过100目筛,加适量糊精混匀,即得散剂。
实施例2:
瓜蒌250g,天竺黄200g,前胡200g,皂荚200g,侧柏叶150g,玄参150g,紫草100g,牵牛子100g,生姜100g。
制备过程如下:称取处方量瓜蒌、前胡、皂荚、侧柏叶、玄参、紫草、牵牛子、生姜8位药材,加10倍量水煎煮2次,每次2小时,合并煎煮液,滤过,静置过夜、滤取上清液,减压浓缩至相对密度1.21~1.27(50℃)、干燥成干膏。干膏和天竺黄粉碎过100目筛,加适量糊精混匀,制粒,即得颗粒剂1000g。
实施例3:
瓜蒌300g,天竺黄200g,前胡200g,皂荚200g,侧柏叶100g,玄参100g,紫草40g,牵牛子40g,生姜40g。
制备过程如下:称取处方量前胡、侧柏叶、玄参、紫草、牵牛子、生姜、瓜蒌、天竺黄和皂荚,加水煎煮3次,每次加入煎煮水的量为药材总重量的10~15倍,合并煎液,浓缩至原药材总量的0.8倍,加入乙醇,使醇的含量达60%,沉淀12h,抽滤,回收乙醇,即得提取液,降温至40℃以下,调pH值至4.5-5.5,加注射用水至总量1000ml,过滤,分装,充氮,封口,灭菌,即得口服液。
实施例4
瓜蒌220g,天竺黄180g,前胡180g,皂荚180g,侧柏叶120g,玄参120g,紫草80g,牵牛子80g,生姜80g。
制备过程如下:称取处方量瓜蒌、前胡、皂荚、侧柏叶、玄参、紫草、牵牛子和生姜,加8倍量水煎煮三次,每次3小时,合并煎煮液,滤过,减压浓缩至相对密度1.21~1.27(50℃),减压干燥成干膏,将天竺黄和干膏混匀,粉碎,过100目筛,加适量糊精混匀,制粒,制成颗粒剂1000g。
实施例5
瓜蒌180g,天竺黄130g,前胡130g,皂荚130g,侧柏叶80g,玄参80g,紫草20g,牵牛子20g,生姜20g。
制备过程如下:称取处方量前胡、侧柏叶、玄参、紫草、牵牛子、生姜、瓜蒌、皂荚,加12倍量水煎煮3次,每次1小时,合并煎煮液,过滤,减压浓缩至相对密度1.2~1.27(50℃),减压干燥,粉碎,过100目筛,干膏粉与天竺黄粉碎粉混合,加入适量糊精混匀,加乙醇制粒,干燥,加入硬脂酸镁,制成片剂1000片,0.5g/片。
试验例1
临床实验动物选用100-120日龄、体重在40kg-50kg的杜长大三元杂交猪150头,临床症状为猪出现喘气、咳嗽、发热、食欲不振或无食欲。将患病猪隔离单独饲养,饲喂全价饲料,并随机分为5组,每组30头,5组饲养环境完全相同,实验时间共进行7天;空白对照组不做任何处理,药物对照组用所对照药物“金花平喘散”按其说明书使用治疗;将本发明实施例1、2、3所制得的组合物喂食患病猪,日服用量为:每900g或900ml本发明组合物拌料饲喂,每日2次。口服后通过胃肠道吸收达到治疗疾病的目的。
疗效评定标准:
痊愈:经治疗,临床症状完全消失,精神、食欲恢复正常
有效:经治疗,临床症状缓解,精神、食欲逐渐恢复。
无效:经治疗,临床症状无缓解,精神、食欲无好转,甚至死亡。
表1本发明与其它药物治疗猪呼吸道病的情况对比:
组别 | 例数 | 痊愈 | 有效 | 无效 | 有效率% |
空白对照组 | 30 | 0 | 5 | 25 | 16.7 |
金花平喘散组 | 30 | 15 | 8 | 7 | 76.6 |
实施例1组 | 30 | 22 | 4 | 4 | 86.7 |
实施例2组 | 30 | 23 | 3 | 4 | 86.7 |
实施例3组 | 30 | 25 | 2 | 3 | 90 |
结论:试验结果表明,本发明中的中药组合物治疗畜禽咳嗽效果显著。
试验例2
临床实验动物选用3周龄鸡,临床症状为采食量明显下降、精神沉郁,单侧或双侧鼻窦、眼睑肿胀,咳嗽、打喷嚏、不断甩头,呼吸困难。将患病鸡隔离单独饲养,饲喂全价饲料,并随机分为4组,每组100只,5组饲养环境完全相同,实验时间共进行7天;空白对照组不做任何处理,药物对照组用所对照药物“麻杏石甘口服液”按其说明书使用治疗;将本发明实施例1、2、3喂食患病鸡,日服用量为:每100g或100ml本发明组合物拌料饲喂,每日1-2次;口服后通过胃肠道吸收达到治疗疾病的目的。
疗效评定标准:
治愈:精神、食欲、呼吸恢复正常,气管没有黏液,湿润,肺脏、肾脏病理剖检无显著组织病理变化,判定为痊愈,痊愈鸡只数占该组鸡数的百分比为痊愈率。
结束时有症状:临床症状没有改善甚至加重。
表2是本发明与其它药物治疗鸡呼吸道病的情况对比:
组别 | 死亡率% | 治愈率% | 结束时有症状率% |
空白对照组 | 21 | 0 | 79 |
药物对照组 | 10 | 80 | 10 |
实施例1组 | 10 | 85 | 5 |
实施例2组 | 9 | 86 | 5 |
实施例3组 | 7 | 88 | 5 |
本次临床结果经统计分析,本发明实施例1、2、3组合物治疗鸡呼吸道病效果显著。本发明意外的发现,本发明各组份的搭配具有协同增效作用。
Claims (7)
1.一种防治畜禽咳喘的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物由以下重量份数的药物制成:瓜蒌15~25份,天竺黄10~20份,前胡10~20份,皂荚10~20份,侧柏叶5~15份,玄参5~15份,紫草1~10份,牵牛子1~10份,生姜1~10份。
2.如权利要求1所述的防治畜禽咳喘的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物由以下重量份数的药物制成:瓜蒌18~22份,天竺黄13~18份,前胡13~18份,皂荚13~18份,侧柏叶8~12份,玄参8~12份,紫草2~8份,牵牛子2~8份,生姜2~8份。
3.如权利要求1所述的防治畜禽咳喘的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物由以下重量份数的药物制成:瓜蒌20份,天竺黄15份,前胡15份,皂荚15份,侧柏叶10份,玄参10份,紫草5份,牵牛子5份,生姜5份。
4.如权利要求1所述的防治畜禽咳喘的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物为散剂、胶囊剂、口服液、颗粒剂或片剂。
5.一种如权利要求4所述的防治畜禽咳喘的药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法具体步骤如下:
1)将瓜蒌、前胡、皂荚、侧柏叶、玄参、紫草、牵牛子和生姜加8-12倍量水煎煮2-3次,每次1-2小时,合并煎煮液,过滤,减压浓缩至相对密度1.20~1.28(50℃)、减压干燥成干膏;
2)将干膏粉碎成细粉,过100目筛,加入天竺黄粉碎粉和适量辅料,混匀,制备成相应的剂型。
6.如权利要求5所述的防治畜禽咳喘的药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中加水量为10倍量水,煎煮次数为3次,每次1小时。
7.如权利要求1所述的药物组合物在制备治疗畜禽咳喘病药物中的应用。
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