CN106718353B - A kind of energy conservation phase transformation greenhouse - Google Patents
A kind of energy conservation phase transformation greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN106718353B CN106718353B CN201611057309.XA CN201611057309A CN106718353B CN 106718353 B CN106718353 B CN 106718353B CN 201611057309 A CN201611057309 A CN 201611057309A CN 106718353 B CN106718353 B CN 106718353B
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- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 title 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/243—Collecting solar energy
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/247—Watering arrangements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/26—Electric devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Greenhouses (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of energy saving phase transformation greenhouses, it is made of solar energy and electric water heating system, solar power system, greenhouse phase-transition heat-preserving by system and temperature adjustment drip irrigation system, solar power system is equipped with battery, power resources can be provided for system, phase-transition heat-preserving is equipped with phase change layer in system, hot night release can be filled between daytime, guarantee greenhouse nocturnal temperature.It wherein utilizes solar energy a part for generating hot water between daytime, is filled heat, another part power generation, electric energy needed for system circulation pump is provided for phase-transition heat-preserving；Phase-transition heat-preserving is connected by system, drip irrigation system and solar water heating system by triple valve, can be realized solar water only to phase-transition heat-preserving filled heat, be only drip irrigation system heat supply, first be phase-transition heat-preserving be after heat supply drip irrigation system heat supply and parallel connection to phase-transition heat-preserving by with four kinds of operational modes of drip irrigation system heat supply.Present invention reduces energy consumptions, while decreasing the discharge of pollutant, bring direct economic benefit for greenhouse operation.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of greenhouses, and particularly relates to an energy-saving phase-change greenhouse.
Background art:
along with the rapid development of economy, the urbanization process and the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, people have more and more great demands on crops such as vegetables, traditional Chinese medicinal materials, flowers and the like, meanwhile, because the climate of China is clear in winter and summer, the temperature of a wide area in the north of Qinling mountain Huaihe river is low in winter, particularly in the northwest and northeast areas of China, the northeast is extremely cold and is easy to chill, the existing greenhouse heat preservation quilt of China mostly adopts a straw or multilayer non-woven fabric structure, the heat preservation effect is poor, moisture absorption and freezing are easy to occur, the structure is not good at will in the northwest and northeast areas, greenhouse crops are often frozen, and the supply of fruits and vegetables in parts of China is tense.
On the other hand, in order to ensure the planting temperature of the greenhouse in winter, a plurality of planting households adopt coal-fired heating or hot air heating, the coal-fired heating generates a large amount of dust particles, and is one of the main pushing hands of the haze in winter every year in China, and the hot air heating needs to consume certain electric quantity, so that the situation of energy shortage in China is aggravated to a certain extent. In addition, because the popularization of the high-tech greenhouse planting technology is limited in China at present, the flood irrigation mode is adopted frequently, the water consumption is large, and the method is in sharp contrast with the actual situation of water resource shortage in China. The excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is accompanied with huge water consumption, so that the soil fertility is reduced and the absorption efficiency of crops is extremely low due to the folk common name of ' water and fertilizer ' bombing ', and therefore, a ' water and fertilizer coupling ' drip irrigation mode is implemented, and a mode that water with different temperatures is matched with corresponding quantitative chemical fertilizers and pesticides is imperative through different growth periods of crops.
The phase change technology is a technical mode of absorbing, storing and releasing energy by taking a specific phase change material as a carrier through the characteristic that the phase change material can absorb or release a large amount of latent heat when in phase change, and can make up the problem of uneven time distribution of the energy and transfer the energy among different times. When redundant energy exists, the energy can be introduced into the phase-change material, the phase-change material absorbs heat and then undergoes phase change from a solid state to a liquid state, so that the energy is stored in the phase-change material in a latent heat mode; when the energy supply is insufficient and the outside needs to supplement energy, the phase-change material can be subjected to phase change from a liquid state to a solid state, latent heat stored in the phase-change material is released, and the energy is transferred in time.
The 'water-fertilizer coupling' technology is a technology for supplying water with different temperatures and amounts in different growth periods of crops and quantitatively dissolving required salts in the water to achieve the optimal water-fertilizer application efficiency through researching and dividing the growth periods of the crops.
At present, although the phase change technology is developed more, such as the phase change heat preservation wall, the phase change heat preservation cup and other technologies, so as to balance the temperature difference and transfer heat, the achievement of applying the phase change technology to a greenhouse system is less. At present, the greenhouse has great heat demand in winter, particularly at night, the demand on heat is high, and the mainstream heat preservation measure at present is a night coal-producing furnace or a hot air heating machine. Most of planting users of raw coal furnaces are small coal furnaces, the thermal efficiency is extremely low and is generally lower than 30%, the discharged smoke is seriously not up to the standard, the smoke is one of important sources of the haze problem every year in China, and meanwhile, the coal furnaces are used for generating toxic and harmful gases such as carbon monoxide easily at night, so that the safety cannot be guaranteed; the hot air heating machine is another main night greenhouse heating means at present, but the hot air heating machine is high in power, consumes electric quantity and is not energy-saving enough, on the other hand, the main heat conduction mode of hot air heating is convection heat transfer, the temperature of the greenhouse at night is high and low, the temperature gradient is large, and if a phase-change heat preservation quilt system is adopted, the heat transfer mode is mainly radiation heat transfer, and the problem of overlarge temperature gradient can be effectively avoided.
In addition, applications of solar power generation and solar water supply are extremely wide, but at present, the applications are more biased to domestic hot water and partial domestic electricity, and hot water, electric power, heat preservation and the like are not researched as a whole for application of the greenhouse.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide an energy-saving phase-change greenhouse which is improved on the basis of a semi-parabolic greenhouse which is frequently applied in the north at present, and can better solve the problems of large energy consumption, high emission, large water and fertilizer application amount and poor heat preservation effect of the current mainstream greenhouse system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
an energy-saving phase-change greenhouse comprises a solar energy and electric water heating system A, a solar power generation system B, a greenhouse phase-change heat preservation quilt system C, a temperature-adjusting drip irrigation system D and a total water supply and return loop; wherein,
the solar energy and electric water heating system A comprises a solar energy system;
the solar power generation system B comprises a solar power generation panel, a storage battery and a power supply cable, wherein the solar power generation panel is used for generating power and storing the power in the storage battery and supplying power to the system through the power supply cable;
the greenhouse phase-change heat preservation quilt system C comprises a greenhouse, a phase-change heat preservation quilt is laid on the greenhouse, a plastic flexible coil pipe is arranged in the phase-change heat preservation quilt, and a phase-change heat preservation quilt system water distribution header pipe and a phase-change heat preservation quilt system water collection header pipe which are communicated through the plastic flexible coil pipe are respectively arranged at two ends of the phase-change heat preservation quilt;
the temperature-regulating drip irrigation system D comprises a drip irrigation water diversion pipe, a drip irrigation water collection main pipe and drip irrigation branch pipes, wherein the drip irrigation water diversion pipe and the drip irrigation water collection main pipe are communicated through the drip irrigation branch pipes, and a plurality of drip irrigation drip openings are formed in the drip irrigation branch pipes;
the main water supply and return loop comprises a tap water source, a water supply pump, a first three-way valve, a second three-way valve, a return water pump and a water supply pump, wherein the tap water source is connected with the inlet of the water supply pump, the outlet of the water supply pump is divided into a first outlet and a second outlet, the first outlet is connected with the inlet of the solar system, the outlet of the solar system is connected with the inlet of the water supply pump, the outlet of the water supply pump is connected with the A port of the first three-way valve, the C port of the first three-way valve is connected with the inlet of a phase-change heat-preservation system water distribution header pipe, the outlet of the phase-change heat-preservation system water collection header pipe is divided into two streams, one stream is combined with the B port of the first three-way valve and then connected with the A port of the second three-way valve, the B port of the second three-way valve is connected with the inlet of a drip irrigation water distribution pipe, and a second outlet of the make-up water pump is connected with the port C of the second three-way valve.
The invention is further improved in that a water supplementing anti-freezing electric heating wire is also arranged on an inlet pipeline of the tap water source connecting with the water supplementing pump.
The invention is further improved in that a pipeline of an outlet of the water replenishing pump is provided with a water replenishing electromagnetic valve.
The invention is further improved in that the total water supply and return loop further comprises a first electromagnetic valve for controlling the work of the water supply pump, a second electromagnetic valve for controlling the work of the water return pump, a third electromagnetic valve arranged on an outlet pipeline of the drip irrigation water collecting main pipe and a fourth electromagnetic valve arranged on the other pipeline of the outlet of the phase-change heat preservation water collecting main pipe of the system.
The invention has the further improvement that the outlet of the make-up water pump also comprises a third outlet, the solar energy and electric water heating system A also comprises a heating water tank and an electric heater arranged in the heating water tank, the third outlet of the make-up water pump is connected with the inlet of the heating water tank, and the outlet of the heating water tank is combined with the outlet of the solar energy system and then connected with the inlet of the water supply pump.
The invention is further improved in that a pipeline exhaust port is arranged on a pipeline after the outlet of the heating water tank is combined with the outlet of the solar energy system.
The invention is further improved in that a fifth electromagnetic valve is arranged on a third outlet pipeline of the make-up water pump.
The invention further improves that the solar energy system in the solar energy and electric water heating system A comprises a solar energy bracket and a vacuum pipe which is obliquely arranged on the solar energy bracket.
The invention is further improved in that the phase-change heat-preservation quilt comprises a heat-conducting waterproof layer, a phase-change energy-storage layer, a waterproof partition layer, an elastic heat-preservation layer and an outer waterproof layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, wherein phase-change capsules are filled in the phase-change energy-storage layer, and a plastic flexible coil is laid.
The invention further improves the solar power generation system and further comprises an external power supply connected with the storage battery in the solar power generation system B.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides an energy-saving phase-change greenhouse system, wherein a circulating pipeline between a solar energy and electric water heating system, a greenhouse phase-change heat-preservation quilt system and a temperature-adjusting drip irrigation system is communicated through a first three-way valve and a second three-way valve, and four modes of supplying heat to the greenhouse phase-change heat-preservation quilt system by the solar energy and electric water heating system, supplying heat to the temperature-adjusting drip irrigation system by the solar energy and electric water heating system, supplying heat to the greenhouse phase-change heat-preservation quilt system by the solar energy and electric water heating system in series, and supplying heat to the greenhouse phase-change heat-preservation quilt system and the temperature-adjusting drip irrigation system by the solar energy and electric water heating system in parallel can be realized by controlling the full-pass, confluence or shunt functions of the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve and controlling the opening and closing of a water. Therefore, the energy-saving phase-change greenhouse system has the characteristics of high automation degree, multiple functions and high heat utilization efficiency.
Furthermore, the energy-saving phase-change greenhouse system provided by the invention adopts a temperature-adjusting drip irrigation system, so that the gradient utilization of energy is realized, and the aim of applying a fertilizer by coupling water and fertilizer is also fulfilled. The water temperature is jointly adjusted and dripped by the backwater of the system and the backwater of the system through the second three-way valve respectively by utilizing hot water supply, the phase change heat preservation of the greenhouse is improved, further, the irrigation mode of directly pumping well water for flood irrigation is generally adopted for the current greenhouse irrigation, the fertilization and watering mode is backward, one-at-one-time, the crop absorption effect is extremely poor, the water temperature in winter is lower, the fertilizer dissolution efficiency is poor, certain.
Furthermore, in the energy-saving phase-change greenhouse system provided by the invention, the solar electric water heating system is arranged and the phase-change heat preservation technology is adopted, so that the original coal stove heating and hot air heating technology is replaced, the heat preservation energy comes from solar energy at the bottom, the energy is saved, many unsafe factors are avoided, such as carbon monoxide or potential safety hazards of electricity utilization at night caused by insufficient air of the coal stove, and the like, meanwhile, the heat efficiency of the original coal stove is extremely low, the energy waste is extremely large, the discharged smoke exceeds the standard, the main reasons of haze in winter in China are provided, the phase-change heat preservation is not discharged at all, the energy source mainly comes from solar hot water in the daytime, and the energy-saving phase-change greenhouse system has great significance in energy saving and emission reduction.
Furthermore, the invention obviously improves the cold insulation effect of the greenhouse heat preservation quilt. The invention has extremely low temperature in winter for parts of extremely cold regions in winter, such as northwest and northeast parts of regions, the temperature is generally below-15 ℃ at night, and the temperature is easy to cause cold tide, so crops are easily influenced under the traditional heat preservation quilt. The phase-change heat preservation quilt provided by the invention utilizes novel materials to increase self thermal resistance, and simultaneously utilizes secondary heat emitted at night to heat the greenhouse, thereby having excellent application to greenhouse planting in the part of areas. In addition, farmers can select the phase-change material to control the greenhouse night temperature according to different optimal night growth temperatures of different planted crops, so as to realize the optimal planting effect.
Further, aiming at the current mainstream heating mode, the invention greatly improves the heating heat efficiency. For hot air heating and coal stove heating, as the main heat transfer mode is convection heat transfer, when the system is applied to a wider greenhouse, a larger temperature gradient is generated, the temperature distribution is obvious from top to bottom, the heating power needs to be improved to enable the ground temperature in the greenhouse to reach the required range at night, and the main heat transfer mode of the phase-change heat preservation system is radiation heat transfer, so that the problem of overlarge temperature gradient can be effectively solved, and the system has better heat efficiency.
The design of the invention mainly aims at the areas with lower temperature, less rainfall and less water resource but sufficient sunshine at night in winter, and the typical representative area of China is the northwest area. The invention has the four characteristics of energy saving, water saving, heat preservation and high efficiency, and can realize good application in the area.
Compared with the traditional semicircular greenhouse, the invention has the following definite advantages:
1. the bearing capacity is strong. Because the semi-parabolic greenhouse is composed of one bearing wall and a quarter-arc steel frame supporting structure, the bearing capacity of the semi-parabolic greenhouse to the heat preservation quilt is greatly improved compared with that of a common semi-circular greenhouse, and the semi-parabolic greenhouse is more excellent in performance of coping with extreme weather conditions;
2. the heat preservation quilt is easier to be collected and placed. The heat preservation quilt of the common semicircular greenhouse is complex to fold and unfold, and for the half-parabolic greenhouse, when the greenhouse is folded, the upper lock catch of the heat preservation quilt can be unfastened, the heat preservation quilt falls down naturally by utilizing gravity, when the heat preservation quilt is laid, the heat preservation quilt can be automatically pulled up by a motor arranged on a bearing wall, and then the lock catch is buckled. The motor can be selected after being comprehensively considered according to the weight, the width and other factors of the heat preservation quilt, and is convenient and flexible.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an energy-saving phase-change greenhouse provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a greenhouse phase change heat preservation quilt system in an energy-saving phase change greenhouse provided by the present invention; wherein, fig. 2(a) is a schematic view when the phase change heat preservation is put down, and fig. 2(b) is a schematic view when the phase change heat preservation is put up;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the phase change insulation quilt in the daytime;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the connection between the phase-change heat-preservation quilt system water distribution header and the phase-change heat-preservation quilt system water collection header when the phase-change heat-preservation quilt is filled with heat during daytime;
FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of a phase change insulation quilt;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the phase-change insulating quilt and the plastic flexible pipes;
in the figure: 1 is a solar energy system, 2 is a vacuum tube, 3 is a solar energy bracket, 4 is a pipeline exhaust port, 5 is an electric heater, 6 is a heating water tank, 7 is a fifth electromagnetic valve, 8 is a water supply pump, 9 is a first electromagnetic valve, 10 is a first three-way valve, 11 is a phase change heat preservation by-system water distribution main pipe, 12 is a phase change heat preservation by-system water collection main pipe, 13 is a phase change heat preservation quilt, 14 is a plastic flexible coil pipe, 15 is a second three-way valve, 16 is a drip irrigation water distribution main pipe, 17 is a drip irrigation water collection main pipe, 18 is a fourth electromagnetic valve, 19 is a drip irrigation drip opening, 20 is a drip irrigation branch pipe, 21 is a third electromagnetic valve, 22 is a water return pump, 23 is a second electromagnetic valve, 24 is a solar power generation panel, 25 is a storage battery, 26 is a water supply pump, 27 is a water supplement electromagnetic valve, 28 is a power supply cable, 29 is a water supplement anti-freezing electric heating wire, 131 is a heat conduction waterproof layer, 134 is an elastic heat-insulating layer, and 135 is an outer waterproof layer.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The general concept of the invention is: the system provides energy by solar energy, electric energy is used for supplementing, a phase change energy storage technology is adopted to keep the greenhouse warm at night, low-level heat energy is used for adjusting the water temperature of drip irrigation water, and the effects of keeping warm, saving energy and saving water are achieved. The invention utilizes a first three-way valve 10 to connect a hot water supply main pipe, a phase change heat preservation system water diversion main pipe 11 and a second three-way valve 15. The second three-way valve 15 is connected with a water return branch, the drip irrigation water distribution main pipe 16 and the mixed water from the first three-way valve 10 and the phase change heat preservation quilt system water collecting main pipe 12 can realize the sequential, parallel or independent heat supply of the phase change heat preservation quilt system C and the temperature adjustment drip irrigation system D of the greenhouse through the operation of the two three-way valves, and the reasonable utilization of energy under different working conditions is ensured. The phase change heat preservation quilt system of the greenhouse is realized by a phase change energy storage layer arranged between the waterproof partition layer 133 and the heat conduction waterproof layer 131, phase change capsules are filled in the energy storage layer, plastic flexible coils 14 are laid in the phase change capsules and are respectively connected with the phase change heat preservation quilt system water distribution header pipe 11 and the phase change heat preservation quilt water collection header pipe 12, and the circulation resistance of a heat filling fluid is reduced.
For a detailed description of the technical contents and the construction and objects of the present invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings.
As can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, the specific structure of the energy-saving phase-change greenhouse system provided by the invention mainly comprises four subsystems, namely a solar energy and electric water heating system a, a solar power generation system B, a greenhouse phase-change heat preservation quilt system C and a temperature-adjusting drip irrigation system D.
The solar energy and electric water heating system A comprises a solar energy system 1, a vacuum tube 2, a solar energy bracket 3, a fifth electromagnetic valve 7, an electric heater 5, a heating water tank 6 and a pipeline exhaust port 4.
The solar power generation system B is mainly composed of a solar power generation panel 24, a storage battery 25, and a power supply cable 28.
Warmhouse booth phase transition heat preservation is by system C including keeping phase transition heat preservation by system water distribution main 11, phase transition heat preservation by 13, plastic hose pipe 14 and phase transition heat preservation by system water collecting main 12 and constitute, wherein according to fig. 5 and 6 can know, phase transition heat preservation by 13 from inside to outside is heat conduction waterproof layer 131, phase transition energy storage layer 132, waterproof isolating layer 133, elasticity heat preservation insulating layer 134 and outer waterproof layer 135 respectively, phase transition energy storage layer 132 intussuseption fills the phase transition capsule to lay plastic hose pipe 14.
The phase change heat preservation quilt 13 of specific implementation is heat conduction waterproof layer 131 for the innermost layer, and this layer can play waterproof moisture proof's effect, also can effectively conduct the heat that releases in the phase change energy storage layer night, makes it get into in the warmhouse booth as high as possible. The invention adopts the carbon fiber cloth as the material of the layer, because the carbon fiber cloth has good thermal conductivity and water resistance, and in addition, the carbon fiber cloth also has very high tensile strength. Therefore, in the process of laying the phase-change greenhouse heat preservation quilt, the innermost layer of carbon fiber cloth can bear stronger tensile stress, the deformation is reduced, and the plastic film of the greenhouse is protected from being damaged.
The second layer is the core phase change energy storage layer 132 in the phase change heat preservation quilt 13 of the invention. In the layer, in order to prevent the phase change expansion problem of the phase change material and the problem that the phase change material cannot deform after being solidified after heat release, the invention fills the phase change capsules which are widely applied at present, namely the phase change material is sealed in micro heat conduction containers similar to spheres or capsules, and the expansion and deformation problems are solved by utilizing gaps among the capsules. The phase-change material filled in the phase-change capsule can be selected according to the requirement, for example, the phase-change temperature of the novel paraffin phase-change material RT5 is 9 ℃, and after the phase-change material releases heat at night, the temperature in the greenhouse can be basically maintained within the proper temperature range of crops, so that the crop respiration inhibition effect can be achieved, the crops can be prevented from being frozen, and the phase-change material can be properly changed and adjusted for the crops with higher temperature requirement at night. In the phase change energy storage layer 132, a plastic hose 14 should be laid between the phase change capsules, and two interfaces are provided at the edge of the heat preservation layer as an inlet and an outlet of the heating fluid for providing the energy required by the phase change material during the daytime. In daytime, the water can be heated by using solar energy and is continuously introduced into the phase change material to provide phase change energy for the phase change material. The spacing between the plastic flexible coil pipes 14 is too tight, so that the heat preservation and the rolling process of the phase-change greenhouse are difficult, if the spacing is too loose, the phase-change materials are difficult to completely change the phase, and the heat storage capacity is influenced.
Upwards again be waterproof partition layer 133, this layer adopts the non-woven fabrics for the big-arch shelter as the main material, and its effect is isolated outside steam and prevents that it from deepening the phase transition energy storage layer and make the energy storage effect decline to the packing of phase transition capsule is retrained as the last boundary on phase transition energy storage layer. Meanwhile, the non-woven fabric has a certain heat insulation effect, so that the function of keeping the phase change energy storage layer to release heat in one direction at night is partially achieved, and the high-efficiency utilization of the stored energy is kept.
The waterproof partition layer is upward provided with an elastic heat-insulation layer 134, and the main material adopted is plastic heat-insulation cotton. The plastic heat-insulating cotton has very good heat-insulating effect, and the heat conductivity coefficient is only 0.03-0.05w/m2K has great advantages compared with the prior mainstream straw felt cloth and multi-layer non-woven cloth.
The outermost layer is an outer waterproof layer 135, which mainly adopts waterproof PE cloth. Because the waterproof PE cloth is widely applied at present, the water repellent effect is excellent, and the cost is low, the waterproof PE cloth can better cope with the weather of rain, snow, frost and can be paved and applied on a large scale while preventing water vapor from leaking into the phase change heat insulation layer. Meanwhile, the waterproof PE cloth has a certain heat insulation effect and is used for assisting the heat insulation of the heat insulation layer and increasing partial heat resistance.
The width of each phase change greenhouse is about 1m, although the weight of the greenhouse per unit area is slightly increased, the width of each phase change greenhouse is completely within the bearing range of the current mainstream semi-paraboloid linear greenhouse, particularly, the phase change greenhouse heat preservation quilt provided by the invention mainly faces northwest and northeast regions, the greenhouse in the region is designed with larger snowfall and pressure bearing consideration, and the structural design margin is large, so that the phase change greenhouse heat preservation quilt provided by the invention can be directly laid on the current mainstream greenhouse supporting structure. In actual operation, a motor of a curtain rolling machine with certain power is selected after the weight of the heat preservation quilt of the phase-change greenhouse is estimated. When the phase-change heat preservation quilt is laid, the quilt automatically slides down by using gravity, and when the heat preservation quilt is folded, the heat preservation quilt is pulled up by using the selected motor, so that the operation is convenient.
In the above subsystems, a water supply pump 8 is arranged at the water outlet of the solar energy and electric water heating system A, a first electromagnetic valve 9 is arranged beside the water supply pump, the outlet of the water supply pump 8 is respectively connected with the greenhouse phase-change heat preservation quilt system C and the temperature-adjusting drip irrigation system D by a first three-way valve 10 and a second three-way valve 15, and a fourth electromagnetic valve 18 is arranged at the water outlet of the greenhouse phase-change heat preservation quilt system C. A water return pump 22 is arranged at the position of the water return main pipe, and a bypass second electromagnetic valve 23 is arranged. And a fifth electromagnetic valve 7 is arranged on a heat supply branch of the electric heater. A water supply pipe of the solar energy and electric heater is provided with a water replenishing pump 26 and a water replenishing electromagnetic valve 27 to adjust the water replenishing quantity, and a water replenishing branch is provided with a water replenishing anti-freezing electric heating wire 29 to prevent the water replenishing branch from freezing and bursting in winter, and the energy of the electric heating wire comes from a storage battery 25 in the solar power generation system B.
According to the energy-saving phase-change greenhouse system provided by the invention, the circulating working media between each pipeline and the system are all water, so that a heat-insulating layer is required to be arranged outside the greenhouse.
The first three-way valve 10 is divided into A, B, C three ports, wherein the port A is connected with a water supply pump 8 and a first electromagnetic valve 9 of a main hot water supply pipeline of the system, the port B is connected with a second three-way valve 15, the middle part of the port B is mixed with the return water of the phase-change heat-preservation quilt system and points to the temperature-adjusting drip irrigation system, and the port C is connected with a phase-change heat-preservation quilt system water distribution main pipe 11 of the heat-preservation quilt system and points to the phase-change heat. The three ports of the first three-way valve 10 may be all open, or may merge or split.
The second three-way valve 15 is divided into A, B, C, the A port is connected with partial backwater from the first three-way valve 10 and the phase-change heat-preservation system water collecting main pipe 12, the B port is connected with the drip irrigation water distributing main pipe 16 of the drip irrigation system and points to the temperature-adjusting drip irrigation system, and the C port introduces backwater from the total backwater port. The three ports of the second three-way valve 15 may be all open, or may be combined or divided.
The inlet and outlet direction of the water supply pump 8 is from the solar water heating system and the water outlet of the electric heater to the A port of the first three-way valve, and the inlet and outlet direction of the water return pump 22 is from the outlet of each water collecting main pipe to the water inlet of the solar water heating system and the water inlet of the electric heater system.
Phase change keeps warm and is provided with phase change energy storage layer 132 in by 13, lays the phase change capsule in, can last the phase change at night and release heat to indoor, in order to prevent that the heat from scattering and disappearing to the open air, set up elasticity heat preservation insulating layer 134 at the skin of phase change energy storage layer 132 to outmost the waterproof layer that sets up, make phase change heat preservation by have heat preservation waterproof effect simultaneously, can fill different phase change materials according to the needs of different crops during specific operation, lay phase change heat preservation quilt night in winter after, warmhouse booth indoor temperature is about 10 ℃ -20 ℃.
As can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, the specific structure and material of the phase-change heat preservation quilt are as follows: the heat preservation quilt is composed of a heat conduction waterproof layer 131, a phase change energy storage layer 132, a waterproof partition layer 133, an elastic heat preservation and insulation layer 134 and an outer waterproof layer 135 from inside to outside. Wherein, heat conduction waterproof layer 131 adopts carbon cloth, and the phase transition energy storage layer 132 intussuseption is filled with the capsule that contains the phase transition medium to lay soft plastic coil pipe in the phase transition capsule, can combine solar water heater hot water or family's waste heat flue gas to lead into the plastic coil pipe heating phase transition layer with it and make its phase transition heat accumulation in daytime, waterproof partition layer 133 adopts the non-woven fabrics for the big-arch shelter, and the elasticity heat preservation is the plastic heat preservation cotton, and outer waterproof layer 135 has waterproof and heat insulation effect concurrently, chooses for use waterproof PE cloth. The thickness of each layer can be calculated and adjusted appropriately from the local climatic conditions.
In general, the first solenoid valve 9 and the second solenoid valve 23 are closed and are opened only when the water supply pump 8 or the return pump 22 stops operating for maintenance.
It should be noted that fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the phase-change heat preservation quilt provided by the present invention, and the schematic structural diagram is only a specific arrangement structural form based on the principle of phase-change energy storage provided by the present invention, and does not limit the structural form of the present invention in any way. Other variations and modifications are within the scope of the invention as claimed.
The operation of the system can be divided into three conditions according to the local weather and the solar energy and electric water heating system part A:
firstly, when the weather is good and the solar energy resource is abundant, the heat produced by the solar energy system 1 is completely enough for phase change heat preservation and is needed by daytime heat charging and drip irrigation water, the fifth electromagnetic valve 7 is completely closed, and all the heat of the system is produced by the solar energy system 1.
Secondly, if the local weather conditions are general, and the solar energy system 1 cannot completely provide the heat required by the system, the fifth electromagnetic valve 7 can be properly opened and closed according to the heat loss degree, the electric heater is connected to the storage battery 25, so that the solar energy system 1 and the electric heater 5 run in parallel to provide corresponding heat for the system together.
And thirdly, if the local continuous multi-day cloudy day is adopted, the solar system 1 in the system can not provide the heat required by the phase-change heat-preservation quilt 13 and the temperature-adjusting drip irrigation system D, the fifth electromagnetic valve is opened to the maximum, the electric heater 5 is fully used for providing the required heat, and if the local agricultural electricity utilization enjoys the peak-valley electricity price policy, the electric heater 5 can be started at night to heat in the heating water tank 6.
The energy-saving phase-change greenhouse system provided by the invention can realize four modes of operation that the solar energy and electric water heating system A supplies heat to the greenhouse phase-change heat preservation quilt system C, the solar energy and electric water heating system A supplies heat to the temperature-adjusting drip irrigation system D, the solar energy and electric water heating system A supplies heat to the greenhouse phase-change heat preservation quilt system C and the temperature-adjusting drip irrigation system D in series, and the solar energy and electric water heating system A supplies heat to the greenhouse phase-change heat preservation quilt system C and the temperature-adjusting drip irrigation system D in parallel by controlling the full-open, confluence or shunt functions of the first three-way valve 10 and the second three-way valve 15 and the on-off of the water supply pump 8, the water return pump 22, the first electromagnetic valve 9, the second electromagnetic valve 23 and the fourth electromagnetic valve 18.
Firstly, a solar energy and electric water heating system A supplies heat to a phase change heat preservation quilt system C of the greenhouse. When the drip irrigation system is not needed to operate in the greenhouse, the operation mode can be adopted, namely the port A and the port C of the first three-way valve 10 are fully opened, the port B is closed, the port A, the port B and the port C of the second three-way valve 15 are fully closed, the water supply pump 8 and the water return pump 22 are opened, the fourth electromagnetic valve 18 is fully opened, and the third electromagnetic valve 21 is closed. Because the temperature-regulating drip irrigation system D is not operated, the total amount of water in the system is basically kept unchanged, and only the make-up water pump 26 is required to operate at low frequency, and the make-up electromagnetic valve 27 is appropriately opened to make up a small amount of water leakage of the system. At the moment, the system flows into the port A of the first three-way valve 10 through the water supply pump 8, flows out of the port C, enters the phase change heat preservation by-system water distribution main pipe 11 of the greenhouse phase change heat preservation by-system C, then flows into the plastic flexible coil pipe 14 laid in the phase change heat preservation quilt 13 in parallel, flows out of the phase change heat preservation by-system water collection main pipe 12 after the phase change energy storage layer 132 is heated, flows back to the solar energy and electric hot water system after the heated fluid flows through the fourth electromagnetic valve 18 and the water return pump 22, and is heated again according to the local weather conditions and then circulates.
And secondly, the solar energy and electric water heating system A supplies heat to the temperature-adjusting drip irrigation system D. At the moment, the phase change heat preservation quilt of the greenhouse is heated or the heat preservation quilt is not required to be heated, and water with a certain temperature is required to be used as drip irrigation water. At this time, the ports a and B of the first three-way valve are opened, the port C is closed, the ports a, B, and C of the second three-way valve are all opened, the fourth electromagnetic valve 18 is closed, and the third electromagnetic valve 21 is fully opened. Under the action of the water supply pump 8, hot water flows in through the port A of the first three-way valve 10, flows out through the port B, is mixed with return water entering from the port C at the position of the second three-way valve 15 to adjust the temperature, then enters the temperature-adjusting drip irrigation system D, and then flows out from the position of the third electromagnetic valve 21.
And thirdly, the solar energy and electric water heating system A supplies heat to the phase change heat preservation quilt system C and the temperature regulation drip irrigation system D in series. At the moment, the greenhouse needs to be filled with heat for the phase change heat preservation quilt system, and meanwhile, drip irrigation hot water with low temperature needs to be provided. At the moment, the port A and the port C of the first three-way valve 10 are opened, the port B is closed, the port A, the port B and the port C of the second three-way valve 15 are opened, the third electromagnetic valve 21 is opened, the fourth electromagnetic valve 18 is closed, hot water at the moment firstly flows into the phase-change heat-preservation system and then sequentially flows into the drip irrigation system after being heated by the system, energy is utilized in a grading manner, and the efficiency is high. Hot water enters through the port A of the first three-way valve 10 and flows out of the port C, then enters the water distribution main pipe 11 of the greenhouse phase change heat preservation quilt system C, then flows into the plastic flexible coil pipes 14 in the phase change heat preservation quilt 13, flows into the phase change heat preservation quilt system water collection main pipe 12 after the phase change materials are heated, flows into the port A of the second three-way valve 1 in sequence after flowing out of the system C, and flows out of the port B to enter the drip irrigation water distribution main pipe 16 for drip irrigation after being mixed with return water to adjust the temperature, and surplus hot water flows out of the drip irrigation water collection main pipe 17 and flows back after flowing through the third electromagnetic valve 21 to form a loop for primary heat utilization.
And fourthly, the solar energy and electric water heating system A supplies heat to the phase change heat preservation quilt system C and the temperature regulation drip irrigation system D in parallel. At the moment, the greenhouse needs to be heated by the phase-change heat-preservation quilt and the drip irrigation system at a higher temperature. In the operation process, the ports A, B and C of the first three-way valve are all opened, the ports A, B and C of the second three-way valve are all opened, and the third electromagnetic valve 21 and the fourth electromagnetic valve 18 are all opened. Hot water is shunted through an inlet of an opening A of the first three-way valve 10, enters the greenhouse phase change heat preservation quilt system C from the opening C and flows out from the opening B to enter an opening A of the second electromagnetic valve 15, partial return water flowing back from the heat preservation quilt system is mixed with the hot water flowing out from the opening B of the first electromagnetic valve 10 for primary temperature regulation, then is mixed with total return water flowing in from the opening C of the second three-way valve 15 for secondary temperature regulation, then flows into the drip irrigation system from the opening C, and flows back with the residual return water of the heat preservation quilt system after flowing out, so that a parallel loop for heat utilization is formed.
The four operation modes can flexibly control the full-open, confluence or shunting functions of the first three-way valve 10 and the second three-way valve 15 and the opening and closing of the third electromagnetic valve 21 and the fourth electromagnetic valve 18 according to different requirements of phase change heat preservation quilt heat filling quantity and water heat quantity required by drip irrigation in the greenhouse.
Particularly, for the greenhouse partially arranged in extremely cold regions, such as northeast and northwest regions, the temperature at night is extremely low, even if pipeline heat preservation measures are provided, the pipeline is still likely to freeze and burst, therefore, at the moment, the system is adjusted to the third operation working condition, namely, the solar energy and electric heating water system A supplies heat to the phase change heat preservation system C of the greenhouse and the temperature regulation drip irrigation system D in series, the fifth electromagnetic valve 7 is fully opened, the power supply of the electric heater 5 is connected to the storage battery 25, the electric heater operates at low power, the water supply pump 8 is started, the electric heater operates in a low-frequency state, and the working medium is slowly heated and slowly flows in the pipeline to prevent freezing.
The specific contents described above with reference to the drawings are only schematic and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and researchers in the field mentioned above make various modifications or variations without creative efforts based on the energy-saving phase-change thermal insulation greenhouse provided by the present invention, and the modifications or variations are still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An energy-saving phase-change greenhouse is characterized by comprising a solar energy and electric water heating system A, a solar energy power generation system B, a greenhouse phase-change heat preservation quilt system C, a temperature-adjusting drip irrigation system D and a total water supply and return loop; wherein,
the solar energy and electric water heating system A comprises a solar energy system (1);
the solar power generation system B comprises a solar power generation panel (24), a storage battery (25) and a power supply cable (28), wherein the solar power generation panel (24) generates power and stores the power in the storage battery (25) and supplies power to the system through the power supply cable (28);
the greenhouse phase-change heat preservation quilt system C comprises a greenhouse, a phase-change heat preservation quilt (13) is laid on the greenhouse, a plastic soft coil pipe (14) is arranged in the phase-change heat preservation quilt (13), and a phase-change heat preservation quilt system water distribution header pipe (11) and a phase-change heat preservation quilt system water collection header pipe (12) which are communicated through the plastic soft coil pipe (14) are respectively arranged at two ends of the phase-change heat preservation quilt (13);
the temperature-regulating drip irrigation system D comprises a drip irrigation water distribution pipe (16), a drip irrigation water collection main pipe (17) and drip irrigation branch pipes (20), wherein the drip irrigation water distribution pipe (16) is communicated with the drip irrigation water collection main pipe (17) through the drip irrigation branch pipes (20), and a plurality of drip irrigation drip openings (19) are formed in the drip irrigation branch pipes (20);
the total water supply and return loop comprises a tap water source, a water supply pump (8), a first three-way valve (10), a second three-way valve (15), a water return pump (22) and a supplementary water pump (26), wherein the tap water source is connected with the inlet of the supplementary water pump (26), the outlet of the supplementary water pump (26) is divided into a first outlet and a second outlet, the first outlet is connected with the inlet of the solar system (1), the outlet of the solar system (1) is connected with the inlet of the water supply pump (8), the outlet of the water supply pump (8) is connected with the A port of the first three-way valve (10), the C port of the first three-way valve (10) is connected with the inlet of a phase change heat preservation by-water distribution main pipe (11), the outlet of the phase change heat preservation by-water collection main pipe (12) is divided into two streams, one stream is combined with the B ports of the first three-way valve (10) and then connected with the A port of the second three-way valve (15), and the B port, the outlet of the drip irrigation header pipe (17) and the other outlet of the phase-change heat-preservation system header pipe (12) are combined and then connected with the inlet of a water return pump (22), the outlet of the water return pump (22) is connected with the outlet of a water supply pump (26), and the second outlet of the water supply pump (26) is connected with the port C of a second three-way valve (15).
2. The energy-saving phase-change greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inlet pipeline of the water supply source connected with the make-up water pump (26) is further provided with make-up water anti-freezing electric heating wires (29).
3. The energy-saving phase-change greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein a water replenishing solenoid valve (27) is arranged on a pipeline at the outlet of the water replenishing pump (26).
4. The energy-saving phase-change greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total water supply and return loop further comprises a first solenoid valve (9) for controlling the operation of the water supply pump (8), a second solenoid valve (23) for controlling the operation of the water return pump (22), a third solenoid valve (21) arranged on the outlet pipeline of the drip irrigation water collecting main (17) and a fourth solenoid valve (18) arranged on the other pipeline of the outlet of the phase-change heat preservation system water collecting main (12).
5. The energy-saving phase-change greenhouse as claimed in claim 4, wherein the outlet of the supplementary water pump (26) further comprises a third outlet, the solar and electric water heating system A further comprises a heating water tank (6) and an electric heater (5) arranged in the heating water tank (6), the third outlet of the supplementary water pump (26) is connected with the inlet of the heating water tank (6), and the outlet of the heating water tank (6) is combined with the outlet of the solar system (1) and then connected with the inlet of the water supply pump (8).
6. The energy-saving phase-change greenhouse as claimed in claim 5, wherein the pipeline after the outlet of the heating water tank (6) is combined with the outlet of the solar energy system (1) is further provided with a pipeline exhaust port (4).
7. The energy-saving phase-change greenhouse as claimed in claim 5, wherein a fifth electromagnetic valve (7) is further arranged on the third outlet pipeline of the make-up water pump (26).
8. The energy-saving phase-change greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solar energy system (1) in the solar and electric water heating system A comprises a solar bracket (3) and vacuum pipes (2) obliquely arranged on the solar bracket (3).
9. The energy-saving phase-change greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the phase-change heat-preservation quilt (13) comprises a heat-conducting waterproof layer (131), a phase-change energy-storage layer (132), a waterproof isolating layer (133), an elastic heat-preservation heat-insulation layer (134) and an outer waterproof layer (135) which are arranged from inside to outside in sequence, and the phase-change energy-storage layer (132) is filled with phase-change capsules and laid with the plastic flexible coil pipe (14).
10. The energy-saving phase-change greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an external power supply connected with the storage battery (25) in the solar power generation system B.
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| CN108739069A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-11-06 | 河北燕塞生物科技有限公司 | Be used for heat retaining cotton-wadded quilt of domestic fungus big-arch shelter |
| CN111567277A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-08-25 | 昂磐智能装备(山东)有限公司 | Phase-change energy-storage greenhouse |
| CN115316311B (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2023-09-29 | 西安交通大学 | Environment-friendly constant temperature animal housing house |
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