CN106716787A - 辉光保护系统和电气机器 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
- H02K3/40—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation for high voltage, e.g. affording protection against corona discharges
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/002—Inhomogeneous material in general
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
- H01B3/04—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances mica
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
- H01B3/10—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances metallic oxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
- H01B3/12—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances ceramics
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
一种辉光保护系统，尤其用于电气机器，所述辉光保护系统包括聚合物基质中的填充材料，其中，所述填充材料具有颗粒，所述颗粒由云母构成并且围绕云母具有由至少一个陶瓷金属氧化物构成的层。所述电气机器尤其是高压机器并且具有这种辉光保护系统。
Description
本发明涉及一种辉光保护系统、尤其用于电气机器、优选高压电气机器，所述电气机器例如是用于形成电能的发电机、电动机或其他具有较高额定电压的电力运行器件、尤其变压器或引线或电缆。
始终在研发功率更强的机器、例如发电机，因为不断推进的技术始终要求更高的功率密度。大功率的发电机、例如涡轮发电机尤其具有具备(立式)叠片组的定子和多个发电机槽，发电机绕组可处于发电机槽中。
发电机绕组相对于叠片组的主绝缘体是电学上高要求的系统。在运行时形成高电压，该高电压必须在处于高电压下的导体棒与处于地电势下的叠片组之间的绝缘空间中被消除。在此，在叠片组的叠片边缘上形成场超高，该场超高从自身方面导致电晕放电。该电晕放电在遇到绝缘系统时导致局部极其剧烈地加热。在此，包括外部辉光保护在内的绝缘系统的有机材料铸件分解为低分子量的挥发性产物，例如二氧化碳。
绝缘系统的重要部件是所谓的外部辉光保护装置(AGS)。在较大的发电机和电动机中，外部辉光保护装置直接安置在发电机绕组绝缘部的表面上。外部辉光保护装置目前通常由包含炭黑和石墨的条带或漆料构成。在这种绝缘系统中，由于系统导致的原因，首先在外部辉光保护装置与主绝缘部之间的界面不能完全无孔地制造。因此在足够高的电场强度的情况下会在绝缘系统中出现相应较高的电晕放电活性，在运行过程中随着时间的推移电晕放电活性会使外部辉光保护装置燃烧。这导致绝缘部的提前老化并且在最糟糕的情况下导致电气机器的接地。这通常意味着机器的不可修复的彻底故障。
外部辉光保护装置必须具有一定程度的方块电阻，该方块电阻处于确定的范围内。如果方块电阻过小，叠片组则会电短路，这会导致较高的感应环形电流，该感应环形电流跨接叠片组和外部辉光保护装置并且导致电流强大的光弧。相反在过高的方块电阻的情况下则会出现高压火花侵蚀。理想地，外部辉光保护系统中的电阻应该是可调整的，从而能够建立各向异性，该各向异性在径向上、也即从导电导体到叠片组显示出更高的可传导性，而在棒方向上显示出更高的电阻、也即更低的可传导性。
通常在辉光保护系统中作为针对电晕放电耐受材料引入云母。通常，云母在绝缘系统中作为绝缘带使用，该绝缘带以精细云母纸为基础并且带有载体材料、如尤其薄膜、织物、无纺织物以及带有必要的用于使精细云母纸与载体材料粘接并且用于云母纸的机械稳定化的树脂(“封闭树脂”)。
对于绝缘系统和进而电气机器的使用寿命关键的是绝缘系统的抗分层耐受性。在分层时形成漏区，该漏区导致较高的电晕放电活性以及绝缘系统和电气机器的失效。
因此本发明所要解决的技术问题在于，克服现有技术的弊端并且提供耐受性强的辉光保护系统。此外，本发明所要解决的技术问题还在于，提供一种改进的电气机器，尤其高压机器，所述电气机器具有特别高的使用寿命。
本发明所要解决的技术问题通过具有权利要求1给出的技术特征的辉光保护系统并且通过具有权利要求7给出的技术特征的电气机器解决。本发明的优选改进方式由从属权利要求以及以下说明给出。
根据本发明的辉光保护系统是尤其用于电气机器、优选高压机器的辉光保护系统，所述电气机器尤其是用于形成电能的发电机、电动机或其他电力运行器件，适宜的是变压器或引线或电缆。根据本发明的辉光保护系统包括聚合物基质中的填充材料，其中，所述填充材料具有颗粒，所述颗粒由云母构成并且围绕云母具有由至少一个陶瓷金属氧化物构成的层。
正是云母颗粒构成这种辉光保护系统的机械薄弱点，因为云母颗粒具有轻易的可裂开性。通过这种方式，云母颗粒构成辉光保护系统分层的通常原因，所述分层引发漏区，所述漏区导致更高的电晕放电活性并且导致绝缘的失效。根据本发明实现辉光保护系统的更高的耐受性，其方法是，云母颗粒的可裂开性和进而辉光保护系统的分层通过由陶瓷金属氧化物构成的层被明显地降低。这种覆层确保颗粒中各个云母层的稳定的机械连接，并且由此有效地避免在由结晶面导致的云母层上发生开裂。
合适地，所述颗粒具有至少(尤其计算出的)平均值最高为1毫米、并且优选至少(尤其计算出的)平均值最高为100微米的尺寸。
在本发明的辉光保护系统的一种优选改进方式中，所述层沿整个周向、尤其完全地包围颗粒的云母。本发明的该改进方式能够特别可靠地避免漏区。
适宜的是，在根据本发明的辉光保护系统中，所述层由氧化铝(Al2O3)和/或二氧化硅(SiO2)和/或二氧化钛(TiO2)构成。上述陶瓷金属氧化物是不导电的并且实现了合适的机械稳定化。
在一种优选改进方式中，辉光保护系统构成辉光保护纸。利用云母颗粒制造云母纸本身是已知的，并且可以通过相同的方式使用根据本发明规定的云母颗粒，根据本发明的云母颗粒具有由至少一个陶瓷金属氧化物构成的层。
适宜的是，根据本发明的辉光保护系统此外还具有载体材料，所述载体材料与辉光保护纸粘接。优选地，载体材料包括薄膜和/或织物和/或无纺织物。
在根据本发明的辉光保护系统的一种有利的改进方式中，辉光保护系统构成所述至少一个辉光保护带。尤其云母纸如上所述与有机纤维、优选芳纶和/或PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)交织和优选固定。通过这种方式无载体地实现了云母带。
合适地，根据本发明的辉光保护系统构成外部辉光保护装置的至少一部分和/或端部辉光保护装置的至少一部分。
根据本发明的电气机器尤其是高压机器，并且具有如上所述的辉光保护系统。优选地，根据本发明的电气机器适用于制造电能的发电机、电动机或其他具有较大额定电压的电力运行器件，尤其变压器或引线或电缆。
Claims (7)
1.一种辉光保护系统，尤其用于电气机器，所述辉光保护系统包括聚合物基质中的填充材料，其中，所述填充材料具有颗粒，所述颗粒由云母构成并且围绕云母具有由至少一个陶瓷金属氧化物构成的层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的辉光保护系统，其中，所述层沿整个周向、尤其完全地包围所述云母。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的辉光保护系统，其中，所述层由氧化铝Al2O3和/或二氧化硅SiO2和/或二氧化钛TiO2构成.
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的辉光保护系统，所述辉光保护系统构成或具有至少一个辉光保护纸。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的辉光保护系统，所述辉光保护系统构成或具有至少一个辉光保护带。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的辉光保护系统，所述辉光保护系统构成或具有外部辉光保护装置的至少一部分和/或端部辉光保护装置的至少一部分。
7.一种电气机器、尤其高压机器，其电气机器具有根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的辉光保护系统。
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| DE102014219441.5A DE102014219441A1 (de) | 2014-09-25 | 2014-09-25 | Glimmschutzsystem und elektrische Maschine |
| DE102014219441.5 | 2014-09-25 | ||
| PCT/EP2015/067791 WO2016045846A1 (de) | 2014-09-25 | 2015-08-03 | Glimmschutzsystem und elektrische maschine |
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| JP (1) | JP6967965B2 (zh) |
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| DE102011083214A1 (de) * | 2011-09-22 | 2013-03-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Elektrische Leitungseinrichtung, Endenglimmschutzanordnung und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Endenglimmschutzes |
| DE102011083228A1 (de) * | 2011-09-22 | 2013-03-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Isoliersysteme mit verbesserter Teilentladungsbeständigkeit, Verfahren zur Herstellung dazu |
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| JPS5743147A (en) | 1980-08-27 | 1982-03-11 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Control device for air conditioner |
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2014
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2015
- 2015-08-03 EP EP15747786.0A patent/EP3175536B1/de active Active
- 2015-08-03 CN CN202110382957.7A patent/CN113193676A/zh active Pending
- 2015-08-03 US US15/511,306 patent/US10862362B2/en active Active
- 2015-08-03 RU RU2017114034A patent/RU2693702C2/ru active
- 2015-08-03 CN CN201580051374.9A patent/CN106716787A/zh active Pending
- 2015-08-03 JP JP2017516479A patent/JP6967965B2/ja active Active
- 2015-08-03 WO PCT/EP2015/067791 patent/WO2016045846A1/de active Application Filing
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US10862362B2 (en) | 2020-12-08 |
| DE102014219441A1 (de) | 2016-03-31 |
| RU2693702C2 (ru) | 2019-07-04 |
| JP2017531980A (ja) | 2017-10-26 |
| US20170288487A1 (en) | 2017-10-05 |
| RU2017114034A (ru) | 2018-10-25 |
| RU2017114034A3 (zh) | 2018-10-25 |
| EP3175536A1 (de) | 2017-06-07 |
| EP3175536B1 (de) | 2022-08-03 |
| CN113193676A (zh) | 2021-07-30 |
| WO2016045846A1 (de) | 2016-03-31 |
| JP6967965B2 (ja) | 2021-11-17 |
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Application publication date: 20170524 |