CN1067139A - 具有心轴间隔件之同轴电缆连接器及制做同轴电缆的方法 - Google Patents
具有心轴间隔件之同轴电缆连接器及制做同轴电缆的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明描述一种制作一电缆、一同轴电缆心轴导
件/间隔件,以及众多同轴电缆之方法,所述电缆能
接受柔性同轴电缆,不需折回该电缆屏蔽的编织材
料,以便与该电缆连接。该导件/间隔件亦与其它非
编织型连接器一起使用,以避免需要多层地剥去该同
轴电缆,不需后卷编织层,即可消除潜在的漏电路
径,并创立一种改进的密封式连接器。
Description
本发明有关包括一内心轴间隔件的同轴电缆连接器及制做同轴电缆之方法。更明确言之,本发明为有关F-drop size,同轴电缆连接器,以及一种制做柔性同轴电缆的方法,该方法使电缆没有编织层后卷地插入一连接器。
同轴电缆通常包括一中心导体,该导体被一种诸如泡沫塑料的电绝缘介质材料所环绕,依次用一层或多层薄金属箔或金属线编织物环绕该电绝缘材料而构成屏蔽,用一种诸如聚乙烯塑料的柔性绝缘材料提供外层护套。将此种柔性电缆用于同轴电缆连接器时通常需要多个步骤的操作,其中要沿着纵轴自该电缆端部剪去一段距离的外塑料套,这段距离大于为去除金属屏蔽和内绝缘以便暴露出一部分中心导体时所作的第一次或随后的剪切距离。其后,将该金属线编织物折回该外护套上方,利用卷边或外翻套挤压电缆在一套筒内等方法将电缆终接在一个电缆连接器内。需用这种制做方法的连接器的例子,可参见美国专利4,583,111和4,834,675以及PCT申请WO90/15454(根据1989年6月8日,1989年11月8日以及1990年4月19日分别提出的美国第364,917、434,068以及509,669号申请)所述。上述的专利及专利申请案在此仅作参考。
用于先前描述的连接器的柔性同轴电缆的制做,通常包括一种双刀片式电缆处理工具,其中暴露中心导体的刀片为一种有V形凹痕的刀片,以免刮伤或切裂该导体。与该V形凹痕刀片隔开的第二种直缘式刀片,系将较浅地切开该电缆,以便于剥开最外层的保护套。必须精确地控制该刀片沿着纵轴及垂直该纵轴的间隔,以便正确地制做可保持任何传送信号品质的电缆。一种可替代,但较不精确的制做方法是使用一把剪刀,然而这通常将导致中心导体割伤或外侧编织屏蔽层的损坏。
因此,非常希望有一种处理工具,它能除去外护套及其内部的泡沫塑料,而又避免需要精密的容限来阻止该中心导体的割伤或切割。也希望有一种连接器,它能终接该同轴电缆而不需向后剥开该外侧编织物,亦即,以与垂直方向呈±45度地剪切处理该电缆,暴露出中心导体,而又不需单独除去该外护套以暴露编织物。也希望有一种连接器,它能在安装时引导该中心导体及电绝缘介质,以避免该中心导体的弯曲或打折,或对中心电介质造成损伤。还希望有一物件可改进现有的管状心轴连接器,以便利用简化的电缆制做步骤来端接同轴电缆。
制做同轴电缆的方法,中央心轴导体导件/间隔件以及包括导件/间隔件的连接器至少应具有前述所希望的一个或全部特征以及普通技术人员已知的许多其它优点。
滑动式对中央心轴导体绝缘的导件/间隔件系装在一个中空的中央心轴内,并且由那里迫使所制做的电缆抵着中央导件/间隔件来引导该中心导线。用一含有偏心刀片之剥皮工具暴露中心导体,以避免割伤该中心导体,该工具通过切穿外侧护套,外侧金属编织线,金属箔屏蔽层及内侧的绝缘电介质,以制做该电缆。其后,任何残留的电介质将通过迫使该中心导体穿过一个压配合的孔,以便将他们从中心导体上清除,该配合孔可设置在该处理工具及/或该中心导体导件/间隔件中。
图1举例说明本发明一种剥皮工具之实例,该工具可配合本发明的其它各种实例一起使用。
图2举例说明剥皮工具之一端部视图。
图3举例说明该剥皮工具的刀片放大图,其配置有偏心轴,以避免割伤该中心导体。
图4举例说明用图1所示剥皮工具制做的同轴电缆。
图5举例说明本发明的中央心轴中心导体导件/间隔件的选用实例的局部剖面侧视图。
图6举例说明该导件/间隔件的端视图。
图7举例说明该导件/间隔件位于可视为一标准折叠式的连接器内的布置。
图8举例说明该导件/间隔件位于一种公知的n型密封揿钮式的连接器内。
图9举例说明该间隔件位于一种EZ-TwistTM式的连接器内。
图10举例说明一种EZ-TwistTM式连接器,它安装在一条电缆上,而以该导件/间隔件在向前位置中连接至电缆入口。
图11举例说明一种EZ-TwistTM式连接器的替代件的实例,它含有一管状螺钉似心轴,而且导件/间隔件位于向前安装的位置。
下面将配合附图描述本发明及其优选的实施例。
图1为本发明的剥皮工具10的具体实例。工具10最好用整件材料制造,交叉联接构件12具有枢纽似的结构特性,该构件12系分别与把柄构件11和13呈相对地联接。适用的材料为充填玻璃的塑料树脂、聚碳酸酯、硬聚丙烯等。把柄构件11包括一“V”或“U”型的同轴电缆定心构件16及一定位构件18,通常有一塑料隔板使该电缆定位在适当深度,而超过该把柄11的宽度,以便在切割后暴露出预定量的中心导体。把柄11之另一端包括一弯曲部分,以便利手指,帮助工具10作如箭头所示的旋转。与把柄11相对的把柄13包括一偏心设置的切割刀片14,用于切穿同轴电缆的内外绝缘及外侧保护套。
该剥皮工具10最好与刀片14铸成一单件,或在铸造时把它们铸成一体,或在铸造后,在将该刀片置于适当的插孔位置时通过融熔环绕刀片14上方的材料,而将该刀片热固定在适当的位置。工具10可选择性地容纳一可替换的刀片嵌件。在选用实例中,该工具亦包括孔15和17,该孔被加工成相干适配之尺寸,以便使它能伸进用该工具剥皮的中心导体,以确保完全剥去该中心导体上的任何残留粘着剂和绝缘层。
操作该工具,使二个把手柄彼此靠近,从而张开含有“V”或“U”型电缆中心导件16与刀片14的相对两端,同时将电缆插入该开孔,并使电缆紧抵着塑料定位机构18。其后,工具10作如箭头方向的旋转,以便切穿和剥开内外层电介质及外侧屏蔽层。在剥皮工具旋转数圈后,沿电缆之纵轴将工具拉离电缆端,以便除去该已被切除之电缆层。最后,可将中心导体有选择性地插入具有合适尺寸的孔15或17中。
图2和3举例说明该刀片离开中心导体纵轴及在该剥皮工具内的偏心配置,以便提供具有适当长度的中心导体,该长度由刀片14至定位机构18间的距离所决定,如图2中的尺寸19所示。当然这段距离最好为该特定导体所需的最佳距离。在实施例中,工具10作如图3所示的旋转,致使切割刀片实际上成直角与一个将该电缆切成二等分的切割平面平行,并可平行地从导体上移开。该刀片切穿内外电介质及外保护套层。最好使刀片有一个60度角,但也可从45度变化到90度,在90度时刀片为直角。该刀片偏心设置一段距离d,该距离的选择应对清洁中心导体是足够的,亦即为该中心导体直径的1/2稍小些。在所示范例中,对于RG59及RG6电缆而言,最大中心导体的直径约0.040英寸,因此,刀片的位移量可稍大于0.22英寸。刀片的放置并非一定要垂直,可稍大于或小于该导体在中心导件中的配置。通常,该刀片的深度最好靠近该导体的深度,使刀片可俐落地切除电介质及保护材料。本发明可采用任何合适的刀片,例如钢制刀片。
图4例示一条已制成的电缆1000,其外侧电介质层1000a与外侧保护层1000b和内侧屏蔽层1000c已除去,对此实例,该剥开材料之端部与该中心导体间的角度约为90度,但它可上下变化±45度,只要心轴导件/间隔件之尺寸可容纳该电缆所制成的端部。锥角稍大于90度,亦即类似一支削尖的铅笔,而在该中心导件/间隔件与之相配的锥形插入区段内可很好地提供某种中心定位,可提供较少的推进表面积,以便当所制做的电缆1000插入该导件/间隔件时,可使该导件/间隔件通过心轴移动。
图5和6例示选用的一种导件/间隔件的形状,如导件/间隔件20所示。由任何具有充分润滑性的合适的电介质绝缘材料制做导件/间隔件,并设定其尺寸,以便在插入电缆时,将它通过心轴的中心孔移动,而不会迫使该电缆打结或在插入电缆之前于该心轴内移动。合适的材料为聚四氟乙烯、氟化聚合塑料、聚乙烯、聚丙烯等。导件/间隔件20包括一外侧倒角面或斜面22,其大小为有利于将该导件/间隔件20置于该管状心轴的中心内。导件/间隔件20还包括一内锥形斜面24,以帮助中心导体1000d向内穿过。导件/间隔件20的中心孔或通路26制成可容纳具有相干配合的中心导体的尺寸,以确保清洁该中心导体,同时提供摩擦力,以便在电缆插入时帮助该间隔件经过该心轴。
如本发明实例所示,按需要,该中心导件/间隔件20还包括数个外凸角28,以便将心轴间隔件和该心轴内部之间的整个接触面减至最小,从而避免他们之间过度的摩擦。该导件/间隔件20为供心轴之插入,至少有一外侧斜面,和至少有一面对导体的内侧锥形斜面。该导件/间隔件20可以具有任何适当的形状,如锥形、三角形、方形、矩形、圆形凸角式,多边圆柱形等。此外,比上述等凸角稍长的瘦薄翼片27可用于在电缆插入之前局部地定位该导件/间隔件于该心轴外侧,并且在插入时,凭着折叠而提供一稳定机构,以避免该导件/间隔件在受热时发生塑性蠕变。
图7至12例示该中央导件/间隔件在各种型式的连接器中,允许使用一条不需将编织层折回的电缆,并且提供本发明的各种连接器具体实例。图7亦描述于美国专利U.S.4,834,675中。现举例说明一种包括导件/间隔件220的折叠连接器,以使该连接器具有本发明的独特属性。更明确言之,电缆连接器100包括一连接器本体102,一管状柱心轴构件106,及螺帽构件108。本体102包括一环纹轴环构件104,构件108同轴地配置在轴环构件104内,而构件108以圆周方式配置在心轴构件106的周围。连接器100还包括一外护套密封件110及一面密封件112,密封件110环绕地配置在轴环构件104之内周边,而密封件112为直接配置在心轴构件106之外表面和螺帽构件108之内表面之间。此外,在先于插入电缆1000之前,于连接器的插入端部连接器还包括心轴间隔件220。心轴间隔件220将移至连接器之前面,亦即连接该导体至一栓口或电缆接头的端部等,如箭头所示,系为所制做的电缆插入其中时的情形。
图8所示在美国专利U.S.4,834,675中曾专门的描述过一种Snap-n-SealTM的连接器,它包括本发明的导件/间隔件420,用于避免需要使编织层折回地制做电缆,并且作为本发明具体实例之一。更明确言之,所制做的同轴电缆1000的连接器310包括一连接器本体312,一压紧套筒360,及一可选择使用的密封螺帽(图中未示)。连接器本体312包括一环状轴环构件320,一环状管柱心轴构件330,一环状接触弹簧构件340,一环状螺帽构件350及一环状密封构件314a。心轴构件330包括导件/间隔件420。螺帽构件350为连接至一电缆接头或栓口等。当安装该连接器时,将电缆插入该压紧套筒360的小端部,其后推入连接器310。在向前推进该电缆及套筒的过程中,使导件/间隔件420推至连接器的前面,以便引导该中心导体,防止弯曲及对该连接器提供附加的密封。
图9、10和11举例说明该导件/间隔件在插入电缆1000之前和密封该电缆时,处于本发明数个选用实例的连接器中的状态。这些具体实例实际上比先前提及的PCT申请案WO90/1545及美国申请更为详细地描述。更明确言之,图9和图10为举例说明电缆在插入EZ-TwistTM连接器之前与之后的情况,此实例中包括刀部边缘的管状心轴。图11举例说明已制做好的电缆安装在含有螺旋形、亦即螺栓的管状中央心轴的具体实例中的情形。
为清晰起见,可参见图9和10。一条端部已处理好的电缆1000将经由外护套458和安装凸缘459及从杯形部分450插入,并且导入管状心轴本体426的带管状刀边的中央心轴430内,该电缆1000具有一段适当的长度,以便暴露出导体1000a及内部电绝缘介质和保护层1000b和1000c,它们实际上为垂直于纵轴呈±45度地剥开。心轴426的栓口/接头连接部分,为具有手指般宽度,以便弯曲在栓口上方。外护套458与环形部分450在向前移动时将一起动作,以便压紧心轴426的栓口侧,使它栓塞在一孔口上,或者如图所示地压在一电缆接头连接器472上。该栓口实际上将具有与图10所示的电缆接头连接器472的螺纹表面474相同的尺寸。安装辅助装置470包括一圆环部分471,以提供使用者手指便于抓握的部位。使用者一手握住该电缆、另一手抓住由本体426、杯状部分450及外护套458的总成装配工具470,随后将电缆推向工具470,并且进入及穿过外护套层458及杯形部分450,以迫使连接器的导件/间隔件520向前。随后于心轴本体426内将电缆啮合该导件/间隔件520,由电缆将导件/间隔件520向前推进,使它远离杯形部分450及外护套层458。该同轴电缆可用新制成的电缆端部及导件/间隔件有选择地装配在接头连接器472或栓口上。
图11为本发明的一个优选实例,它配用一螺旋形的螺栓式管状构件526c,该构件526c包含具有杯形构件550的盘旋螺形细牙533a及具有安装辅助凸缘559之外护套558。在此实例中,先前诸实例中的截头锥形刀叶边式心轴本体526c为一刀叶式螺旋形螺牙或刀边533a取代,该刀边由薄管状部分528径向地向外伸出。在一实例中,薄管状部分可以呈截角锥形,并且具有平均约为0.180英寸的外直径。螺旋形刀边533a具有约0.210英寸的尖顶,并且形成一由该管状部分528伸出之锐角形凸出部。设定该螺旋形刀边533a的形状,以便充分咬入外侧导体编织层或铝箔的终端部分,而与该铝箔一起形成一种正电接触,并且在其间提供一正向机械式保护,而不致于造成铝股的折断或破裂。
刀边533a在锐度与钝度间的折衷是将它制成2-3μ(千分之一英寸)厚薄。如为1μ则太尖锐,并且将会剪断该精细的金属成编织层,而用8μ之刀边则太钝,可能导致该编织层在张力下打滑。在理想状况下,该刀边533a应使编织线受到剪应力,而实际上又不会使它们折断。事实上,通过考虑刀边533a的锐度及该编织股的强度两者,而制成的材料即可达到折衷。
图12例示本发明的导件/间隔件720,它包括一种F型侧卸式同轴电缆连接器,皆知为EZF 连接器,对此已在美国专利U.S.4,583,811中有描述。下面举例说明在已安装位置中的连接器,当锁紧螺母啮合在电缆接头或栓口652上时,其导件/间隔件720位于连接器的心轴部分之顶部。更明确地说,连接器610包括具有一啮合区614的连接器本体612及一驱动机构632,该驱动机构具有螺纹634,背面部分640及一压紧构件642。连接器10连接至一壁面安装单元652,例如经由螺纹654连接至一栓口,螺纹654为柔性F型连接器电缆的典型配备,对此类型的电缆、需要分别隔开该柔软的铝箔屏蔽层656和编织层658。连接器本体612包括一接触该编织层之啮合区614及一远侧端部615,削尖该端部615,使它挤进柔性的铝箔656和编织层658之间。
在所述优选实例中,使用所述的导件/间隔件,尤其由图9至12所示的,以及使用在正常情况下需要后卷编织层的任何其它的连接器,可避免由该编织层四周的不良密封所产生的漏电路径。使用本发明将能制做许多密封良好的连接器。
本发明已参照具体实施加以描述,说明它能够作为一种柔性编织电缆,诸如RG59或RG60的终端应用,而不需把编织层后卷。对普通技术人员可能是显而易见的诸项改进,发明意欲将此等修改涵盖在发明的范围内。例如,该电缆及导件/间隔件之栓口侧面可填满一种合适的凝胶介质材料,如美国专利US4634207,U.S.4,634,924,U.S,4,721,832,U.S4,701,547所描述的,均为发明实现诸目的的参考。更明确言之,合适的凝胶可以是硅树脂、聚脲、聚氨脂、热塑性聚合材料(如Kraton R)等,而具有由美国试验与材料学会(ASTM)D217所测量,约在75至350(10-1毫米)间的锥形凹陷值,以及由ASTMD368所测量,约100%的最终伸长量。此外,在管状心轴型连接器中将发现该导件/间隔件的多种用途,可用于硬护套的传输同轴电缆。
Claims (20)
1、一种与-柔性同轴电缆形成连接的同轴电缆连接器,其特征是,所述电缆至少具有一导电编织材料的外屏蔽层,通过除去该内外电介质及外侧屏蔽材料,以制做所述同轴电缆,使它具有一暴露的中心导体,及离开所述中心导体并大致上呈±45度直角的电缆材料;所述连接器包括能与一电缆接头或电缆栓口孔口接触的区段,以及与它们对立的区段,包括一接触所述电缆的管状心轴;所述管状心轴包括一能装在所述心轴内,而呈中央定位的绝缘性导件/间隔件;当所述电缆导体经由所述导体/间隔件插入所述连接器时,所述导件/间隔件能移经所述管状心轴,而朝向所述连接器接触电缆接头或电缆栓口孔口的区段;所述连接器还包括一压紧机构,用以环绕着所述管状心轴系紧所述电缆。
2、根据权利要求1的连接器,其特征是,所述连接器选自一些管状心轴连接器,它些连接器系由同轴折叠式连接器,包含压紧套筒构件的同轴连接器,及包含中央螺旋式刀边心轴的同轴连接器所组成。
3、根据权利要求1的连接器,其特征是,所述导件/间隔件为塑料制件。
4、根据权利要求3的连接器,其特征是,导件/间隔件具有对所述心轴提供相干配合的外侧凸角,以及对所述中心导体的尺寸化提供相干配合的中心孔。
5、根据权利要求4的连接器,其特征是,所述导件/间隔件具有一定形状,该形状可为锥形、多边形、方形、矩形、凸角圆形、或三角形所组成。
6、根据权利要求5的连接器,其特征是,至少在所述导件/间隔件紧靠着同轴电缆、或电缆接头或栓口之一侧面上,还包括一种凝胶密封材料。
7、根据权利要求6的连接器,其特征是,在所述导件/间隔件的两侧面上皆包括凝胶密封结构。
8、根据权利要求1的连接器,其特征是,所述导件/间隔件包括所述电缆导体的一锥形入口,以便于所述中央导体由那里穿过,还包括一与所述入口相对的斜面,所述斜面位于导件/间隔件的周边部分上,以帮助所述电缆插入所述的管状心轴。
9、根据权利要求1的连接器,其特征是,所述导件/间隔件的外缘呈倒角的斜面,并且所述导件/间隔件为电缆导体包含锥形相对的入口和出口部分。
10、一种形成同轴电缆的连接,而不需使编织层倒卷在外侧电介质套层上的方法,包括:
除去一段预定长度的外护层、外侧屏蔽导体,及内侧绝缘层,以便暴露出预定长度的中心导体,通过所述的除去步骤,,在中心导体与所除去材料之间产生大致上呈±45度的直角;
将所述中心导体插入一装在管状心轴内的中心导体导件/间隔件;
迫使所述电缆位于所述心轴上,以便使电缆定位,并且驱动导件/间隔件,使它朝向所述连接器接触电缆接头或电缆栓口孔口的部位;
在所述管状心轴及一扣紧机构间固定所述电缆外护套及屏蔽层,用以保持电缆位于心轴上。
11、根据权利要求10的方法,其特征是,所制做的电缆对所述中心导体具有一直角配置。
12、根据权利要求11的方法,其特征是,该方法还包括,在导件/间隔件与电缆接头或电缆栓口间压紧一种凝胶密封材料。
13、一种制做电缆而不会割伤其中心导体的装置,包括引导电缆的导引机构及保持所述电缆在导引机构内的定位机构,而允许切割刀片切开电缆外侧护套层及内外侧电介质材料,使它们从电缆除去,并在中心导体及内外侧电介质及外侧护层之间形成一大致呈±45度的直角,所述切割机构与中心导体呈偏心状态,以避免切割中心导体。
14、根据权利要求13的方法,其特征是,所述切割刀片通过热铆或冷铆固定到切割装置,所述装置为由整件材料铸造成形,它的第一及第二把柄间具有一个活动式枢钮部分。
15、根据权利要求14的装置,其特征是,所述装置的材料为塑料。
16、一种同轴电缆导件/间隔件(物件),为能装在一管状同轴电缆心轴内,以避免需要将一已制成具有外露中心导体的同轴电缆的屏蔽编织层后卷,所述导件/间隔件包括:
一电介质材料部分,其形状、大小制成可装在一管状电缆心轴内,所述形状至少具有一外侧倒角部分,以利于插入所述管状心轴,并且至少具有与倒角部分相对,但与中央通道相通的中央定位锥形部分,以帮助电缆中心导体插入和穿过有形的中央通道。
17、根据权利要求16的物件,其特征是,它还包括第二个倒角之外侧部分,它为相对于至少一个的外侧倒角部分。
18、根据权利要求17的物件,其特征是,它还包括第二个中央定位的锥形部分,它为相对于至少一个中央定位锥形部分并与所述的通道相连通。
19、根据权利要求18的物件,其特征是,所述材料的形状为具有多个凸角的圆柱形,以便对所述管状心轴提供一种相干配合,而所述中央通道的尺寸为能通过与所述中心导体的相干配合而提供一种清除作用。
20、根据权利要求19的物件,其特征是,在至少两个凸角之间还包括翼片构件,以帮助保留所述有形材料于所述心轴内,所述翼片在长度上稍大于所述的凸角。
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-
1992
- 1992-03-20 AU AU15718/92A patent/AU1571892A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-03-20 BR BR9205791A patent/BR9205791A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-03-20 CA CA002106466A patent/CA2106466A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-03-20 WO PCT/US1992/002378 patent/WO1992016983A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-03-20 JP JP4507895A patent/JPH06506087A/ja active Pending
- 1992-03-20 EP EP92908712A patent/EP0577710A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-03-21 CN CN92102751.6A patent/CN1067139A/zh active Pending
- 1992-12-17 US US07/994,061 patent/US5342218A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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WO1992016983A1 (en) | 1992-10-01 |
CA2106466A1 (en) | 1992-09-23 |
EP0577710A1 (en) | 1994-01-12 |
JPH06506087A (ja) | 1994-07-07 |
BR9205791A (pt) | 1994-05-17 |
AU1571892A (en) | 1992-10-21 |
US5342218A (en) | 1994-08-30 |
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