CN106703829B - 一种高性能隧道防火装饰系统 - Google Patents

一种高性能隧道防火装饰系统 Download PDF

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CN106703829B
CN106703829B CN201710137036.8A CN201710137036A CN106703829B CN 106703829 B CN106703829 B CN 106703829B CN 201710137036 A CN201710137036 A CN 201710137036A CN 106703829 B CN106703829 B CN 106703829B
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毛朝君
周晓勇
姚建国
李平立
张帆
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Sichuan Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高性能隧道防火装饰系统,包括防火装饰板和用于将防火装饰板固定到隧道壁上的锚固件;所述防火装饰板包括呈矩形薄板结构的基板,覆盖在基板上表面、且四周翻折90°后分别包裹住基板四个侧面上部的金属面板盒,以及涂覆在金属面板盒外表面的氟碳漆层,所述抵在基板四个侧面上的金属面板盒上各设有至少两个长条状边框槽口;所述锚固件呈T字形,包括两端分别用于与相邻两块防火装饰板上的边框槽口卡接的长条铁皮,以及与长条铁皮中部连接、用于与隧道壁固定的膨胀螺栓,所述边框槽口的长度大于长条铁皮的宽度。该系统具有抗冲击强度高、耐火性极限高、装饰性好、使用寿命长、保温功能优及后期清洗维护方便等优势。

Description

一种高性能隧道防火装饰系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防火装饰系统,具体涉及一种高性能隧道防火装饰系统。
背景技术
构建隧道的钢筋、混凝土虽然是不燃体,但其耐火性差,研究表明,当温度达到250℃时,钢筋的强度开始下降,当温度达到380℃时,混凝土的强度开始下降。当温度达到600℃时,混凝土抗压强度损失约为75%,甚至产生爆裂,之所以高温下混凝土会爆裂,是因为混凝土含有的自由水和化学结合水会在高温下变为水蒸汽,且膨胀率高达1700倍,而混凝土结构致密,如果水蒸汽不能有效散发,混凝土的爆裂就不可避免。隧道火灾的严重后果引起了各国政府的高度重视,为解决隧道消防问题,世界各国进行了多方面的研究和探索,并在隧道防火设计方面颁布了一些技术规范,明确要求对隧道结构进行防火保护,以提高隧道结构的耐火极限。
隧道结构防火保护的目的,就是采取一定措施,使隧道的钢筋混凝土结构在火灾发生后(耐火极限内)依然能够保持隧道结构的完整性与稳定性,从而减少维修费用,缩短工程修复时间。
目前,隧道结构被动防火保护方法主要有三种:提供额外厚度的混凝土、喷涂防火涂料及安装隧道防火保护板,其中,安装隧道防火保护板是隧道防火保护的发展方向。
但现有的隧道防火保护板(以下简称防火板或板材)主要以下问题:
(1)吸水、返卤问题。以硅酸钙为主要成分的隧道防火保护板,特别是当其容重低于1000kg/m3时,其吸水率高达40%,吸水饱和抗弯强度等技术指标难以满足现有国家标准(GB28376-2012)的技术要求;以氧化镁和氯化镁为主要材料的隧道防火保护板,因为氯离子的存在,存在着返卤、吸潮的问题,影响其耐久性能和耐火性能。
(2)裸露的膨胀螺栓影响防火板耐火极限。现有隧道防火板材依靠膨胀螺栓固定,每平方米约需要6颗螺栓,过于密集的螺栓,与混凝土内钢筋接触的几率很大,且螺栓裸露于防火板外,会大大降低隧道结构的耐火极限。
(3)隧道设计寿命一般为100年,现有隧道防火板材由于其材料本身的问题或施工方法的问题,其使用寿命难以与隧道设计寿命同步。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述技术问题,提供一种高性能隧道防火装饰系统,该系统具有抗冲击强度高、耐火性极限高、装饰性好、使用寿命长、保温功能优及后期清洗维护方便等优势。
本发明所述的低密度泡沫水泥板是指容重低于250㎏/m3的泡沫水泥板。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种高性能隧道防火装饰系统,其特征在于,包括防火装饰板和用于将防火装饰板固定到隧道壁上的锚固件;所述防火装饰板包括呈矩形薄板结构的基板,覆盖在基板上表面、且四周翻折90°后分别包裹住基板四个侧面上部的金属面板盒,以及涂覆在金属面板盒外表面的氟碳漆层,所述抵在基板四个侧面上的金属面板盒上各设有至少两个长条状边框槽口;所述锚固件呈T字形,包括两端分别用于与相邻两块防火装饰板上的边框槽口卡接的长条铁皮,以及与长条铁皮中部连接、用于与隧道壁固定的膨胀螺栓,所述边框槽口的长度大于长条铁皮的宽度。
进一步的,所述防火装饰系统还包括用于填充到相邻两防火装饰板接缝中的防火膨胀密封条,该防火膨胀密封条包括多层无纺布,以及填充在相邻两层无纺布之间的高温膨胀材料。
进一步的,所述防火装饰系统还包括用于填充到相邻两防火装饰板的接缝处、并覆盖在锚固件和防火膨胀密封条上方的阻燃硅酮密封胶。
更进一步的,所述相邻两防火装饰板的接缝中、还设有贯穿防火膨胀密封条和阻燃硅酮密封胶的排气孔,所述排气孔开口斜向下,用于通气。
具体的说,所述基板是由以下重量份数的原料组成的低密度泡沫水泥板:水泥0.8~1.2份、粉煤灰0.3~0.5份、PP纤维1.1~1.3份、稳泡剂0.25~0.35份、发泡剂4.8~5.1份、碳酸锂0.33~0.35份、硬脂酸0.4~0.6份、水4.3~5.0份;或者是由岩棉、矿渣棉、玻璃棉、硅酸铝纤维、氧化铝纤维、碳化硅纤维、硼纤维、氧化铝纤维等加工而成的纤维薄板。
具体的说,所述金属面板盒为铝盒、铁盒、铝合金盒或铁合金盒。
具体的说,所述基板与金属面板盒采用第一粘结剂粘结,且所述第一粘结剂为水泥砂浆、环氧粘接剂、双组份聚氨酯、单组份聚氨酯及白乳胶、脲醛树脂、丙烯酸树脂、氨基树脂、苯丙树脂、纯丙乳液、硅丙树脂中的任意一种或几种。
优选的,所述高温膨胀材料中混有第二粘结剂、且高温膨胀材料与第二粘结剂的重量比为1∶0.57~1.11;所述第二粘结剂为酚醛树脂、三聚氰胺甲基树脂、白乳胶、脲醛树脂、丙烯酸树脂、氨基树脂、苯丙树脂、纯丙乳液、硅丙树脂中的任意一种或几种。
优选的,所述高温膨胀材料由以下重量份数的原料组成:三聚氰胺2.1~3.2份、季戊四醇或双聚季戊四醇1~2份、聚磷酸铵0.5~1.5份、膨胀石墨2.0~4.2份、二氧化钛02~0.3份、氧化镧0.01~0.03份、硝酸钇0.001~0.003份、硝酸铽0.001~0.004份、纳米碳管0.1~0.2份。
优选的,所述长条铁皮中部设有与膨胀螺栓相匹配的孔,长条铁皮两端均设为三角形结构。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明的锚固件和防火膨胀密封条均被阻燃硅酮密封胶密封住,一方面可有效保证防火保温装饰系统外形美观,另一方面还可增强其防火和保温性能。
(2)本发明的防火装饰板的各侧面各设有至少两个用于安装锚固件的边框槽口,可使T形结构的锚固件的长条铁皮插入该边框槽口中,而膨胀螺栓敲入隧道壁后,可使防火装饰板稳固地贴在隧道壁上;其中,边框槽口比长条铁皮宽,以便于适应较宽的安装范围,且长条铁皮两端设置为三角形结构,可便于其卡入边框槽口内,省时省力;此外,还在相邻两块防火装饰板的接缝处卡入了防火膨胀密封条,并在锚固件和防火膨胀密封条上方封有阻燃硅酮密封胶,一方面避免了锚固件和防火膨胀密封条露出、从而有效保证了防火保温装饰系统的外形美观,另一方面还增强了该系统的防火、保温性能。
(3)本发明的防火装饰板的基板选用的是低密度泡沫水泥板或者纤维薄板,可有效增加基板本身的防火性能;而在基板上方覆盖的金属面板盒后,可有效提高防火装饰板的抗压强度、防火性能和耐水性能;在金属面板盒上涂覆有氟碳漆层,一方面因为氟碳漆层具有较高的硬度,所以装饰板具有较好的自净能力,另一方面因为氟碳漆层可以根据需要做成单色漆层、复合色漆层,所以防火装饰板的颜色可控,同时,由于防火装饰板表面面板是金属,因此防火装饰板还具有清洗维护方便的优势。
(4)本发明还设置了排气孔,该排气孔使隧道壁与外界大气压相一致,可以避免因热胀冷缩而损坏防火保温装饰板;排气孔开口倾斜向下,可防止雨水或水蒸气凝结水等液体倒灌。
(5)本发明选用的第一粘结剂与基板和金属面板盒均具有较好的粘结能力,并且该粘结剂本身原料来源广且成本低廉。
(6)本发明的防火保温装饰系统耐火极限达到2小时(RABT升温曲线)、燃烧等级达到A2级、烟气毒性达到AQ1、吸水率为6.3%,导热系数值0.057W/(m.k),抗风压值7.5KPa,耐沾污性值3.9 %,抗冲击强度为10.0J其破坏点为0,解决了隧道防火材料存在的耐火极限低、燃烧等级低、烟气毒性高、理化性能与保温性能难以兼顾、保温系统使用寿命与建筑设计寿命不同步、保温构造与装饰构造不兼容等技术难题,具有抗冲击强度高、耐火性极限高、装饰性好、使用寿命长、保温功能优及后期清洗维护方便等优势。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为防火装饰板的结构示意图。
图3为锚固件结构示意图。
图4为防火膨胀密封条结构示意图。
图5为A-A局部剖视图。
其中,附图标记对应的名称为:
1-防火装饰板,2-锚固件,3-防火膨胀密封条,4-基板,5-金属面板盒,6-氟碳漆层,7-边框槽口,8-无纺布层,9-高温膨胀材料,10-阻燃硅酮密封胶,11-排气孔。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图说明和实施例对本发明作进一步说明,本发明的方式包括但不仅限于以下实施例。
本实施例的目的是为了提供一种高性能隧道防火装饰系统,如图1所示,该系统设置在隧道内的隧道壁上,包括防火装饰板1、锚固件2、排气孔11、防火膨胀密封条3和阻燃硅酮密封胶10;
如图2所示,所述防火装饰板1,包括矩形薄板结构的基板4,覆盖在基板4上表面的金属面板盒5,以及涂覆在金属面板盒外表面的的氟碳漆层6;其中,金属面板盒5是由金属面板压制而成,压制完成后的金属面板盒5四周翻折90°、并分别包裹住基板四个侧面上部,整体来看,金属面板盒5呈盒盖状,盖在基板4上部。
所述基板4与金属面板盒5还采用第一粘结剂粘结;其中,为了使该防火装饰板1的保温性能好,该基板4所述基板可以是由以下重量份数的原料组成的低密度泡沫水泥板:水泥0.8~1.2份、粉煤灰0.3~0.5份、PP纤维1.1~1.3份、稳泡剂0.25~0.35份、发泡剂4.8~5.1份、碳酸锂0.33~0.35份、硬脂酸0.4~0.6份、水4.3~5.0份,基板也可以是由岩棉、矿渣棉、玻璃棉、硅酸铝纤维、氧化铝纤维、碳化硅纤维、硼纤维、氧化铝纤维等加工而成的纤维薄板。而为了克服上述基板的耐水性差、后期强度衰减严重的问题,特意在其上部的外表面粘贴了带有氟碳漆层的金属面板盒;选用水泥砂浆、环氧粘接剂、双组份聚氨酯、单组份聚氨酯及白乳胶、脲醛树脂、丙烯酸树脂、氨基树脂、苯丙树脂、纯丙乳液、硅丙树脂中的任意一种或几种作为第一粘结剂,可使金属面板盒与基板牢牢的粘合到一起。其中,所述金属面板盒为铝盒、铁盒、铝合金盒或铁合金盒。
为了便于将防火装饰板1固定到隧道壁上,且不影响安装后的整体装饰效果和防火功能,还在该防火装饰板1的四个侧面上各设有至少两个便于安装防火装饰板1的长条状边框槽口7,使其与锚固件配合。
如图3所示,所述锚固件2呈T字形,包括两端分别用于与相邻两块防火装饰板上的边框槽口7卡接的长条铁皮,以及与长条铁皮中部连接、用于与隧道壁固定的膨胀螺栓;所述长条铁皮中部设有与膨胀螺栓相匹配的孔,长条铁皮两端均设为三角形结构,便于其卡入边框槽口7后能顺利插入基板;在将长条铁皮两端分别卡入相邻两块防火装饰板的边框槽口7并插进基板后,将膨胀螺栓插入长条铁皮中部,并将其敲入隧道壁,即可将防火装饰板固定到隧道壁上;其中,为了便于安装,所述边框槽口长度大于长条铁皮宽度。安装防火装饰板时,采用粘锚结合工艺将其与隧道壁固定(以安装防火装饰板A和防火装饰板B为例),先在防火装饰板A背面涂覆水泥砂浆,水泥砂浆的涂覆面积不小于防火板背面面积的40%,再将其贴合到隧道壁上,然后将长条铁皮一端卡入防火装饰板A边框槽口、并贯穿边框槽口插入基板内,再将另一块背面涂覆有水泥砂浆的防火装饰板B贴合到邻近防火装饰板A的隧道壁上,并向防火装饰板A靠拢,并使长条铁皮的另一端卡入防火装饰板B的边框槽口,并贯穿边框槽口插入防火装饰板B的基板内。相邻的防火装饰板A和防火装饰板B之间缝隙宽度一般为10mm~20mm,最后,将膨胀螺栓插入长条铁皮中部,并将其敲入隧道壁,使防火装饰板A和防火装饰板B稳固地固定在隧道上,即完成了防火装饰板的安装。
如图5所示,由于相邻两块防火装饰板之间留有缝隙,因此,在本发明的防火装饰板1安装完毕之后,需要在相邻两块防火装饰板1的接缝处填充防火膨胀密封条3。如图4所示,该防火膨胀密封条3包括多层无纺布8,以及填充在相邻无纺布之间的高温膨胀材料9,所述高温膨胀材料中混有第二粘结剂、且高温膨胀材料与第二粘结剂的重量比为1∶0.57~1.11。其中,第二粘结剂为酚醛树脂、三聚氰胺甲基树脂、白乳胶、脲醛树脂、丙烯酸树脂、氨基树脂、苯丙树脂、纯丙乳液、硅丙树脂中的任意一种或几种;而所述高温膨胀材料9由以下重量份数的原料组成:三聚氰胺2.1~3.2份、季戊四醇(或聚季戊四醇)1~2份、聚磷酸铵0.5~1.5份、膨胀石墨2.0~4.2份、二氧化钛02~0.3份、氧化镧0.01~0.03份、硝酸钇0.001~0.003份、硝酸铽0.001~0.004份、纳米碳管0.1~0.2份,使用该比例的材料混合制成的防火膨胀密封条防火性能的耐火性能可以与防火装饰板的耐火极限匹配。
为了不影响整个防火保温装饰系统的防火性能和装饰效果,还特意设置了阻燃硅酮密封胶10,该密封胶用于填充到相邻两块防火装饰板的接缝处、并覆盖在锚固件2和防火膨胀密封条3上方,起到遮盖连接缝、美化隧道壁的作用。另外,由于温度的变化会引起防火装饰板发生热胀冷缩的现象,因此在相邻的两块防火装饰板接缝中的防火膨胀密封条3和阻燃硅酮密封胶10上贯穿设置了多个排气孔11,排气孔11使隧道壁与外界大气压相一致。并且,每个通气孔的开口均是斜向下方的,以防止雨水等倒灌。
上述实施例仅为本发明的优选实施方式之一,不应当用于限制本发明的保护范围,但凡在本发明的主体设计思想和精神上作出的毫无实质意义的改动或润色,其所解决的技术问题仍然与本发明一致的,均应当包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种高性能隧道防火装饰系统,其特征在于,包括防火装饰板(1)和用于将防火装饰板固定到隧道壁上的锚固件(2);所述防火装饰板(1)包括呈矩形薄板结构的基板(4),覆盖在基板上表面、且四周翻折90°后分别包裹住基板四个侧面上部的金属面板盒(5),以及涂覆在金属面板盒外表面的氟碳漆层(6),抵在基板四个侧面上的金属面板盒上各设有至少两个长条状边框槽口(7);所述锚固件(2)呈T字形,包括两端分别用于与相邻两块防火装饰板上的边框槽口卡接的长条铁皮,以及与长条铁皮中部连接、用于与隧道壁固定的膨胀螺栓,所述边框槽口(7)的长度大于长条铁皮的宽度;
所述防火装饰系统还包括用于填充到相邻两防火装饰板接缝中的防火膨胀密封条(3),该防火膨胀密封条包括多层无纺布(8),以及填充在相邻两层无纺布之间的高温膨胀材料(9);
所述防火装饰系统还包括用于填充到相邻两防火装饰板的接缝处、并覆盖在锚固件(2)和防火膨胀密封条(3)上方的阻燃硅酮密封胶(10);
所述相邻两防火装饰板的接缝中、还设有贯穿防火膨胀密封条(3)和阻燃硅酮密封胶(10)的排气孔(11),所述排气孔开口斜向下,用于通气;
所述基板(4)是由以下重量份数的原料组成的低密度泡沫水泥板:水泥0.8~1.2份、粉煤灰0.3~0.5份、PP纤维1.1~1.3份、稳泡剂0.25~0.35份、发泡剂4.8~5.1份、碳酸锂0.33~0.35份、硬脂酸0.4~0.6份、水4.3~5.0份;或者是由岩棉、矿渣棉、玻璃棉、硅酸铝纤维、氧化铝纤维、碳化硅纤维、硼纤维、氧化铝纤维加工而成的纤维薄板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高性能隧道防火装饰系统,其特征在于,所述金属面板盒(5)为铝盒、铁盒、铝合金盒或铁合金盒。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种高性能隧道防火装饰系统,其特征在于,所述基板(4)与金属面板盒(5)采用第一粘结剂粘结,且所述第一粘结剂为水泥砂浆、环氧粘接剂、双组份聚氨酯、单组份聚氨酯、白乳胶、脲醛树脂、丙烯酸树脂、氨基树脂、苯丙树脂、纯丙乳液、硅丙树脂中的任意一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1~3任意一项所述的一种高性能隧道防火装饰系统,其特征在于,所述高温膨胀材料(9)中混有第二粘结剂、且高温膨胀材料与第二粘结剂的重量比为1∶0.57~1.11;所述第二粘结剂为酚醛树脂、三聚氰胺甲基树脂、白乳胶、脲醛树脂、丙烯酸树脂、氨基树脂、苯丙树脂、纯丙乳液、硅丙树脂中的任意一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种高性能隧道防火装饰系统,其特征在于,所述高温膨胀材料(9)由以下重量份数的原料组成:三聚氰胺2.1~3.2份、季戊四醇或双聚季戊四醇1~2份、聚磷酸铵0.5~1.5份、膨胀石墨2.0~4.2份、二氧化钛02~0.3份、氧化镧0.01~0.03份、硝酸钇0.001~0.003份、硝酸铽0.001~0.004份、纳米碳管0.1~0.2份。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种高性能隧道防火装饰系统,其特征在于,所述长条铁皮中部设有与膨胀螺栓相匹配的孔,长条铁皮两端均设为三角形结构。
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CN104389399A (zh) * 2014-08-11 2015-03-04 广东自然涂化工有限公司 保温装饰一体化板及其施工方法
CN205651733U (zh) * 2016-05-26 2016-10-19 中咨华科交通建设技术有限公司 隧道用反光防火装饰板
CN206530343U (zh) * 2017-03-09 2017-09-29 公安部四川消防研究所 一种高性能隧道防火装饰系统

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