CN106836535A - 一种外墙保温板及其安装方法 - Google Patents

一种外墙保温板及其安装方法 Download PDF

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CN106836535A
CN106836535A CN201710176031.6A CN201710176031A CN106836535A CN 106836535 A CN106836535 A CN 106836535A CN 201710176031 A CN201710176031 A CN 201710176031A CN 106836535 A CN106836535 A CN 106836535A
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赵泊然
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    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • E04B1/941—Building elements specially adapted therefor
    • E04B1/942—Building elements specially adapted therefor slab-shaped
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Abstract

本发明公开一种外墙保温板，包括保温层和界面层，保温层采用无机纤维棉。本发明的重要特征是无机纤维棉的纤维走向与界面层及墙面垂直。这使得安装后，无机纤维棉拉丝方向与来风方向及受力方向平行，提高了抗拉和抗压强度，抵御了风压对墙体的损坏。

Description

一种外墙保温板及其安装方法
技术领域
本发明属于建筑用保温材料结构技术领域，尤其涉及一种外墙保温无机纤维棉复合墙体板材及其安装方法，其具有保温隔热防水的综合性能。
背景技术
外墙外保温是建筑物保温、隔热的重要措施之一，外墙外保温材料有些采用泡沫材料，其中以聚氨酯硬质泡沫为最多，虽然聚氨酯泡沫具有填缝、粘结、密封、隔热、吸音等多种效果，是一种环保节能，使用方便放建筑材料。但是，由于在10℃以下的温度，聚氨酯泡沫的发泡率会降低，因此使用时会受到季节的限制，其次，由于聚氨酯泡沫喷涂成型速度快，想要做出平整的效果并不容易，容易出现凹凸不平的现象，再次，用于屋面防水保温，平整度可放宽，但檐沟、天沟平整度不好，会影响排水流速，因此使用时需要与其他防水材料配合使用。所以从行业发展的角度来看，不是最佳的选材。
无机纤维是以矿物质为原料制成的化学纤维，主要品种有玻璃纤维、石英玻璃纤维、硼纤维、陶瓷纤维和金属纤维等，具有保温、隔热、防燃等功能。无机纤维以质量轻，保温、防燃效果好而著称，以玻璃纤维为例，它比重在2.4～2.7克/厘米3，拉伸强度可达7克/旦,导热系数0.03千卡/米·度，有良好的耐热性、耐湿性、不燃性、耐化学腐蚀性、抗霉、抗蛀、电绝缘性等特点。无机纤维棉也是一种建筑保温材料，无机纤维棉就是由无机纤维压接组成的层状结构，常用的有岩棉、矿渣棉、玻璃棉、硅酸铝棉等。
以无机纤维棉为保温层的外墙外保温结构，它的成型工艺一般都是板状结构，即在两块硬质界面板之间粘结无机纤维棉。由于无机纤维本身是拉丝成型的，所以无机纤维棉从表面上看是有纤维拉丝走向的。目前制作的保温板，粘贴到墙体上之后，从墙体的正面看，无机纤维11的拉丝走向都是平行于墙面3的，如图1、图2所示。实践表明，由于纤维棉具有可压缩性，这样的结构，抗拉抗压能力都比较弱。
发明内容
因此，本发明提供一种无机纤维棉外墙保温板及其安装方法，纤维的拉丝走向垂直于墙体表面，以增强外保温结构的抗拉抗压效果。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案如下：一种外墙保温板，包括保温层和界面层，其特征是：所述保温层采用无机纤维棉，所述无机纤维棉的纤维拉丝走向与界面层及墙面垂直。
进一步地，所述无机纤维棉为玻璃棉或矿物质岩棉。
进一步地，所述界面层采用玻纤网格布加聚合物水泥砂浆抹面而成。或者，所述界面层采用水泥纤维板。
进一步地，所述界面层附于所述保温层的两面。
一种安装外墙保温板的方法，其特征是：
1)先将界面层通过粘结剂粘附于保温层的表面，成型为板型保温板，使所述保温层的纤维拉丝走向与界面层垂直；
2)然后将一侧界面层贴附于墙体表面，同样使所述保温层的纤维拉丝走向与墙面垂直。
进一步地，可在外露的界面层上涂面漆或粘结饰面层。
由于采取以上技术方案，本发明具有以下优点：
1.本发明采用无机纤维棉作为保温层，不仅有优越的保温、隔热、吸声功能，而且还为A级不燃材料，符合国家对外墙保温的防火要求，也是行业发展的方向。
2.保温板成型后，无机纤维棉拉丝方向与界面层(也是与墙面)呈垂直，提高了抗拉和抗压强度，抵御了风压对墙体的损坏。
3.界面层采用玻纤网格布加聚合物水泥砂浆抹面而成的水泥玻纤毡，或水泥纤维板，防水性能好，避免了中间层被水的侵扰，也具有较高的耐冲击强度。同时，水泥玻纤毡，为不燃材料，质量轻，减少了保温板材的总体重量，从而降低了保温结构的自重产生的剪切力，保证了系统的安全性。
4.在界面层的基础上也可以涂抹底漆、腻子、面漆等，或继续粘结饰面层。
5.保温层与界面层之间采用聚氨酯胶粘剂，此胶粘剂不仅粘结力强，而且有很强的防水性能，提高了整体保温结构的防水性能。
6.本发明采用无机纤维棉和水泥玻纤毡(或水泥纤维板)两种主要材料，成本低，结构简单，仅为简单的粘结工艺即可成型。
附图说明
图1是现有技术的无机纤维保温板结构示意图。
图2是现有技术无机纤维保温板安装到墙面上的示意图。
图3是本发明的无机纤维保温板结构示意图。
图4是本发明的无机纤维保温板安装到墙面上的示意图
图5是俯视看本发明纤维棉拉丝走向与墙面垂直的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行详细的描述，但是本领域技术人员应该知道，凡是在本发明技术方案下的任何等同变换或替代均不应排除在本发明的保护范围之外。
如图3、图4所示，本发明提供一种由无机纤维棉制作的保温板，也是采用板型结构，它包括保温层1和粘结在保温层两侧面的界面层2。
保温层1采用防水型无机纤维棉，常见的有玻璃棉和岩棉，无机纤维棉不仅有优越的保温、隔热、吸声功能，而且还为A级不燃材料，符合国家对外墙保温的防火要求，是行业发展的方向。无机纤维棉是有无机纤维11压制而成。
界面层2采用玻纤网格布加聚合物水泥砂浆抹面而成水泥玻纤毡，或者是水泥纤维板材料；或其他与无机纤维棉具有可粘性能，具有一定成型强度的防水防燃性材料都可以。
界面层2可粘结在保温层1的两侧，一侧与建筑物墙面3结合；另一侧抹面外露，或与饰面层结合，因此在一侧界面层2上还可继续涂抹防潮封闭底漆、腻子、面漆等，或在其上面粘结饰面层。
保温层1与界面层2之间采用粘结剂粘结，无机或有机的粘结剂都可以，常用的是聚氨酯胶粘剂，此胶粘剂不仅粘结力强，而且有很强的防水性能，提高了整体保温结构的防水性能。
由于无机纤维11本身是有拉丝走向的，在现有技术中，无机纤维棉都是由无机纤维11按拉丝纹理方向压接成层状的结构，然后按拉丝走向平行于墙面安装。而本发明中，保温层中无机纤维11的拉丝走向与之不一样，本发明中无机纤维11的拉丝走向与界面层2以及墙面3是垂直的，如图5所示。本发明利用这一结构特点，构造了新型的板材结构。
原来的纤维棉，由于纤维拉丝走向与墙面平行，在外界风压或拉拔的作用力与拉丝走向垂直，纤维容易变形，所以纤维的抗拉、抗压强度都较低。本发明的纤维棉，由于纤维拉丝走向与墙面垂直，风压或拉拔方向与拉丝走向平行，由于纤维具有很高的韧性和强度，在走丝方向上不容易变形，所以此处纤维的抗拉、抗压强度都较高；加之，保温板有多厚，垂直于墙面的纤维就有多长，相比于沿墙面走向的纤维来讲，长度小很多，纤维短小，变形就小。本发明正是利用了纤维的这种特点，将其应用于建筑物保温墙体中，用于抗拉抗压设计。安装时，将成型板材的一侧界面层2贴于墙面3上，使整块板材与墙面平行，纤维拉丝与墙面垂直；另一侧界面层2抹面外露，或继续粘结饰面层均可。
本发明的板材可以在连续生产设备上一次成型。由于无机纤维棉具有优越的保温、隔热、吸声功能，而且还为A级不燃材料，符合国家对外墙保温的防火要求，所以也是行业发展的首选之材。经实验验证，北京地区100米高空的负风压设计值是3.6KN，本产品能达到拉拔值为0.24MPa，折合为压力值约200KN，按50％的粘结面积计算，200÷2÷3.6≈27.7，约是设计值的27.7倍。

Claims (7)

1.一种外墙保温板，包括保温层和界面层，其特征是：所述保温层采用无机纤维棉，所述无机纤维棉的纤维拉丝走向与界面层及墙面垂直。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外墙保温板，其特征是：所述无机纤维棉为玻璃棉或矿物质岩棉。
3.根据权利要求1所述的外墙保温板，其特征是：所述界面层采用玻纤网格布加聚合物水泥砂浆抹面而成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的外墙保温板，其特征是：所述界面层采用水泥纤维板。
5.根据权利要求1或3或4所述的外墙保温板，其特征是：所述界面层附于所述保温层的两面。
6.一种安装如权利要求1-5之一所述外墙保温板的方法，其特征是：
1)先将界面层通过粘结剂粘附于保温层的表面，成型为板型保温板，使所述保温层的纤维拉丝走向与界面层垂直；
2)然后将一侧界面层贴附于墙体表面，同样使所述保温层的纤维拉丝走向与墙面垂直。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征是：在外露的界面层上涂面漆或粘结饰面层。
CN201710176031.6A 2017-03-23 2017-03-23 一种外墙保温板及其安装方法 Pending CN106836535A (zh)

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CN109487968A (zh) * 2018-10-25 2019-03-19 河北中振博盛新材料股份有限公司 岩棉基柔性仿石材一体板及其制造装置和方法
CN110878594A (zh) * 2019-10-22 2020-03-13 北京城建远东建设投资集团有限公司 玻璃棉复合板及玻璃棉复合板外墙外保温施工工艺
CN111267410A (zh) * 2020-02-13 2020-06-12 北京建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 一种建筑外墙外保温用复合保温板及其制备方法
CN111809768A (zh) * 2020-07-23 2020-10-23 赵先峰 一种水软防脱落的抗渗外墙

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CN109487968A (zh) * 2018-10-25 2019-03-19 河北中振博盛新材料股份有限公司 岩棉基柔性仿石材一体板及其制造装置和方法
CN109487968B (zh) * 2018-10-25 2020-06-30 威海博盛新材料有限公司 岩棉基柔性仿石材一体板及其制造装置和方法
CN110878594A (zh) * 2019-10-22 2020-03-13 北京城建远东建设投资集团有限公司 玻璃棉复合板及玻璃棉复合板外墙外保温施工工艺
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Application publication date: 20170613