CN106698771A - 一种废水机械破乳除油除尘方法及系统 - Google Patents
一种废水机械破乳除油除尘方法及系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106698771A CN106698771A CN201611163987.4A CN201611163987A CN106698771A CN 106698771 A CN106698771 A CN 106698771A CN 201611163987 A CN201611163987 A CN 201611163987A CN 106698771 A CN106698771 A CN 106698771A
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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
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- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol Chemical compound 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- 241000276438 Gadus morhua Species 0.000 description 1
- CVTZKFWZDBJAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].N Chemical compound 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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/34—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations
- C02F1/36—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations ultrasonic vibrations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/38—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/40—Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
- C02F2201/007—Modular design
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
Abstract
本发明公开了一种废水机械破乳除油除尘方法，其特征在于，其包括以下步骤：(1)机械破乳：(2)油水分离：(3)除尘：本发明还公开了实施该方法的废水机械破乳除油除尘系统。本发明的机械破乳可以大大降低破乳剂的用量。含油废水经超声波机械处理后，流动性大大增加，而且长时间放置原油黏度不恢复。经超机械处理后，原油静置停留时间可以大大缩短。采用机械破乳能够有效降低生产成本，提高经济效益。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及污水处理领域，具体涉及一种废水机械破乳除油除尘方法，以及实施 该方法的系统。
背景技术
[0002] 我国能源结构形式为“富煤、贫油、少气”，煤炭是我国最安全、最经济、最可靠的能 源，其储量远远超过石油和天然气资源，但是随着经济发展和环保要求，清洁能源的可持续 供应己经成为国家经济发展的重要条件。结合这一现状，近年来，国内煤化工行业得到迅速 发展，但是煤化工企业排放废水是公认的难处理废水之一，所产生的废水是一种含有大量 有毒有害物质的废水，该废水经过煤气水分离装置、酚氨回收等处理工序后进入生化处理， 是一种典型的含有难降解的有机化合物的工业废水。废水中C0D—般在5000mg/l左右、氨氮 在2〇0〜5〇Omg/l，废水所含有机污染物包括酚类、氨类、油、尘、多环芳香族化合物等有毒、 有害物质，总体性质表现为酚类及油份浓度高、有毒及抑制性物质多、生化处理过程中难以 实现有机污染物的完全降解、对环境构成严重污染。这种废水用常规的生化、过滤、反渗透 等方法不能直接处理，必须首先将水中的油、尘等物质进行分离、回收，才不至于影响下一 道生产工序以及设备的正常运转。
发明内容
[0003]本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种废水机械破乳除油除尘方法，以 及实施该方法的系统，从而解决现有污水处理不能同时除尘除油，以及油污处理难达到排 放标准的问题。
[0004] 本发明为实现上述目的所采用的技术方案是：
[0005] 一种废水机械破乳除油除尘方法，其包括以下步骤：
[0006] ⑴机械破乳：
[0007] (1 • 1)设置机械破乳装置，其包括罐体，于罐体内设有机械破乳机构，于罐体顶部 设有机械破乳进水阀，于罐体侧面中部设有机械破乳出水_;
[0008] (1.2)废水通过机械破乳进水阀进入罐体，机械破乳机构产生机械振动，使水微粒 凝聚，同时，机械破乳机构发出超声波，当超声波通过有悬浮水微粒的原油介质时，使悬浮 水微粒与原油介质一起振动，利用质量不同的水微粒，在相同作用力下具有振动速度差的 原理，使水微粒相互碰撞及黏合，使水微粒的体积和质量逐渐增大，使水微粒脱离原油介质 向下运动，完成沉降分离，破乳后的废水从机械破乳出水阀排出；
[0009]超声波振动产生的热作用可降低油水界面膜的强度和原油黏度。边界摩擦使油水 分界处的温度升高，有利于界面膜的破裂;另一方面，原油吸收部分声能转化成的热能，可 降低原油的黏度，有利于水粒子的重力沉降分离，轻油从上部排油口溢流出去，重油从底部 排走，破乳后的水通过出水阀从中部流出。
[0010] ⑵油水分离：
[0011] (2.1)设置除油斜管沉降分离装置，其包括箱体，于箱体内设有斜管，箱体一侧上 部设有油水分离进水阀，箱体另一侧中部设有多个油水分离出水阀，于箱体顶部设有自动 刮油排油机；
[0012] (2.2)经过机械破乳后的废水，经油水分离进水阀进入箱体内，并进入斜管隔油 区，沿水平方向缓慢流动，在流动中，由于油与水的比重差异，油分子上浮至箱体顶部，而水 分子则向下沉淀，从而实现油水分离，油水分离后的废水从油水分离出水阀排出；
[0013] (2.3)集于箱体上部的油，通过自动刮油排油机将油收集到集油管内，通过集油管 排出收集；
[0014] 悬浮油利用水和油的比重差异，分离去除污水中颗粒加大的悬浮油的一种处理构 筑物;废水中的油品比重一般比水小，多以三种状态存在:废水中的油经过机械破乳后、水 中油的颗粒增大，一般直径都在0.1毫米以上，漂浮在水面上，易于从水中分离;设计废水中 的类油与尘约占废水含有量的6%〜8%。
[0015] (3)除尘：
[0016] (3.1)制备除尘机械过滤器，其包括筒体外壳、过水通道、格网、除尘滤料和中心布 水器，所述除尘滤料设于格网内，过水通道设于格网与筒体外壳内壁之间，中心布水器设于 筒体外壳内部中间；
[0017] (3.2)于筒体外壳一侧下部设置除尘进水阀，于筒体外壳上端设置除尘出水阀，于 筒体外壳上端及下部还设有排尘阀；
[0018] (3.3)废水通过除尘进水阀进入过水通道，并在过水通道内旋转向上流动，形成压 力差，废水在压力差的作用下经格网及除尘滤料进入中心布水器，然后从除尘出水阀流出， 而废水中的悬浮物被除尘滤料截留，完成废水的除尘；
[0019] (3.4)被截留下来的悬浮物，在旋转流动的废水的作用下，产生离心力，使得隔离 出来的油污及悬浮物由于重力小于水，从而浮于上方，并从上端排尘阀排出。
[0020] 所述机械破乳装置还包括:于罐体顶部设有人孔，罐体上端侧面设有轻油排油阀， 罐体底部设有重油排油阀及机械破乳循环冲刷清洗机构;在沉降分离过程中，轻油上浮至 罐体上端，从轻油排油阀处排出，重油向下沉于罐体底部，由重油排油阀排出。
[0021] 所述除油斜管沉降分离装置的箱体上还设有多个清洗阀。
[0022] 所述除尘机械过滤器筒体外壳上还设有过多个清洗进水阀、多个进气阀、清洗出 水阀和出气阀，用于对除尘机械过滤器进行清洗;所述除尘滤料为多个陶瓷滤料，且不同陶 瓷滤料的大小及表面粗糙度均不一样。
[0023] 一种实施所述方法的系统，其包括相互连通的机械破乳装置、除油斜管沉降分离 装置和除尘机械过滤器，其中，所述机械破乳装置包括罐体，于罐体内设有机械破乳机构， 于罐体顶部设有机械破乳进水阀，于罐体侧面中部设有机械破乳出水阀;所述除油斜管沉 降分离装置包括箱体，于箱体内设有斜管，箱体一侧上部设有油水分离进水阀，箱体另一侧 中部设有多个油水分离出水阀，于箱体顶部设有自动刮油排油机。
[0024] 所述机械破乳装置还包括:于罐体顶部设有人孔，罐体上端侧面设有轻油排油阀， 罐体底部设有重油排油阀及机械破乳循环冲刷清洗机构。
[0025] 所述机械破乳循环冲刷清洗机构包括:循环冲洗管路及配水管。
[0026] 所述除油斜管沉降分离装置的箱体上还设有多个清洗阀。
[0027] 所述除尘机械过滤器，包括筒体外壳、过水通道、格网、除尘滤料和中心布水器，所 述除尘滤料设于格网内，过水通道设于格网与筒体外壳内壁之间，中心布水器设于筒体外 壳内部中间；筒体外壳一侧下部设有除尘进水阀，于筒体外壳上端设有除尘出水阀，于筒体 外壳上端及下部还设有排尘阀。
[0028] 所述除尘机械过滤器筒体外壳上还设有过多个清洗进水阀、多个进气阀、清洗出 水阀和出气阀，用于对除尘机械过滤器进行清洗，所述除尘滤料为多个陶瓷滤料，且不同陶 瓷滤料的大小及表面粗糙度均不一样。
[0029] 本发明的有益效果是：
[0030] 一、机械破乳原理和其他破乳方法相比，能降低原油脱水的温度，从而降低能耗。 机械破乳可以取消复杂的高压电脱水设备。机械破乳可以大大降低破乳剂的用量。含油废 水经超声波机械处理后，流动性大大增加，而且长时间放置原油黏度不恢复。经超机械处理 后，原油静置停留时间可以大大缩短。采用机械破乳能够有效降低生产成本，提高经济效 益。
[0031] 二、全自动全方位机械过滤器在传统过滤器结构原有的基础上，改变了进、出水方 式，增加了排尘和排油的出阀；同时在清洗方式较大的改进，做到360度全方位清洗，大大提 高清洗效果。其次:滤料采用陶瓷滤料。陶瓷滤料因为其烧结温度更高，滤料的比表面积更 大，过滤效果和纳污能力强;且滤料的大小不一和粗糙面不同，具有表层过滤和深层过滤的 功能。其特点是耐强酸、强碱、耐高温、过滤面积大、截污能力强，具有的独特的内部空间结 构。
[0032]它即能处理废水，又能回收其中的宝贵化工原料。操作方便、不引起二次污染、有 利于综合应用等特点。
附图说明
[0033]图1为本发明系统整体结构示意图；
[0034]图2为本发明除尘过滤器内部结构示意图。
[0035]图中：1 •罐体2.机械破乳机构3.机械破乳进水阀 [0036] 4 •机械破乳出水阀5.箱体6.斜管7.油水分离进水阀
[0037] 8•油水分离出水阀9•自动刮油排油机1〇.筒体外壳
[0038] U.过水通道12•格网13•除尘滤料14.中心布水器 [0039] I5 •除尘进水阀16 •除尘出水阀17.排尘阀18.人孔 [0040] I9•轻油排油阀2〇•重油排油丨萄•清漏22•进气阀 [0041] 23•清洗出水阀24.出气阀25.循环冲洗管路
[0042] 26•配水管27.清洗进水阀28.法兰口
具体实施方式 錢例:参见图1至图2，本实施例提供—种废水机械破乳除油除尘方法，其包括以 下步骤：
[0044] ⑴机械破乳： _5] a • 1)设置机_乳装置，其健獅i，于齡i隨抓賺乳補2，于罐体1 顶部设有机械破乳进水阀3，于罐体1侧面中部设有机械破乳出水阀4;
[0046] (1.2)废水通过机械破乳进水阀3进入罐体1，机械破乳机构2产生机械振动，使水 微粒凝聚，同时，机械破乳机构发出超声波，当超声波通过有悬浮水微粒的原油介质时，使 悬浮水微粒与原油介质一起振动，利用质量不同的水微粒，在相同作用力下具有振动速度 差的原理，使水微粒相互碰撞及黏合，使水微粒的体积和质量逐渐增大，使水微粒脱离原油 介质向下运动，完成沉降分离，破乳后的废水从机械破乳出水阀4排出；
[0047] ⑵油水分离：
[0048] (2.1)设置除油斜管沉降分离装置，其包括箱体5,于箱体5内设有斜管6,箱体5— 侧上部设有油水分离进水阀7,箱体5另一侧中部设有多个油水分离出水阀8,于箱体5顶部 设有自动刮油排油机9;
[0049] (2.2)经过机械破乳后的废水，经油水分离进水阀7进入箱体5内，并进入斜管6隔 油区，沿水平方向缓慢流动，在流动中，由于油与水的比重差异，油分子上浮至箱体顶部，而 水分子则向下沉淀，从而实现油水分离，油水分离后的废水从油水分离出水阀8排出；
[0050] (2.3)集于箱体5上部的油，通过自动刮油排油机9将油收集到集油管内，通过集油 管排出收集；
[0051] ⑶除尘：
[0052] (3.1)制备除尘机械过滤器，其包括筒体外壳10、过水通道11、格网12、除尘滤料13 和中心布水器14,所述除尘滤料13设于格网12内，过水通道11设于格网12与筒体外壳10内 壁之间，中心布水器14设于筒体外壳10内部中间；
[0053] (3.2)于筒体外壳10—侧下部设置除尘进水阀15,于筒体外壳10上端设置除尘出 水阀16，于筒体外壳10上端及下部还设有排尘阀17;
[0054] (3.3)废水通过除尘进水阀15进入过水通道11，并在过水通道11内旋转向上流动， 形成压力差，废水在压力差的作用下经格网12及除尘滤料13进入中心布水器14,然后从除 尘出水阀16流出，而废水中的悬浮物被除尘滤料截留，完成废水的除尘；
[0055] (3.4)被截留下来的悬浮物，在旋转流动的废水的作用下，产生离心力，使得隔离 出来的油污及悬浮物由于重力小于水，从而浮于上方，并从上端排尘阀17排出。
[0056] 所述机械破乳装置还包括:于罐体1顶部设有人孔18,罐体1上端侧面设有轻油排 油阀19,罐体1底部设有重油排油阀20及机械破乳循环冲刷清洗机构;在沉降分离过程中， 轻油上浮至罐体上端，从轻油排油阀19处排出，重油向下沉于罐体1底部，由重油排油阀20 排出。
[0057] 于罐体1 一侧设有法兰口 28。
[0058] 所述除油斜管沉降分离装置的箱体5上还设有多个清洗阀21，箱体5—侧上部设有 轻油排油阀19。
[0059] 所述除尘机械过滤器筒体外壳10上还设有过多个清洗进水阀27、多个进气阀22、 清洗出水阀23和出气阀24,用于对除尘机械过滤器进行清洗;所述除尘滤料13为多个陶瓷 滤料，且不同陶瓷滤料的大小及表面粗糙度均不一样。
[0060] 一种实施所述方法的系统，其包括相互连通的机械破乳装置、除油斜管沉降分离 装置和除尘机械过滤器，其中，所述机械破乳装置包括罐体1，于罐体1内设有机械破乳机构 2,于罐体1顶部设有机械破乳进水阀3,于罐体1侧面中部设有机械破乳出水阀4;所述除油 斜管沉降分离装置包括箱体5,于箱体5内设有斜管6,箱体5—侧上部设有油水分罔进水网 7,箱体5另一侧中部设有多个油水分离出水阀8,于箱体5顶部设有自动刮油排油机9。
[0061]所述机械破乳装置还包括:于罐体1顶部设有人孔I8,罐体1上端侧面设有轻油排 油阀19,罐体1底部设有重油排油阀20及机械破乳循环冲刷清洗机构。
[0062]所述机械破乳循环冲刷清洗机构包括:循环冲洗管路25及配水管26。
[0063]所述除油斜管沉降分离装置的箱体5上还设有多个清洗阀21。
[0064] 所述除尘机械过滤器，包括筒体外壳10、过水通道11、格网I2、除尘滤料13和中心 布水器14,所述除尘滤料13设于格网12内，过水通道11设于格网12与筒体外壳10内壁之间， 中心布水器14设于筒体外壳1〇内部中间；筒体外壳10—侧下部设置除尘进水阀15,于筒体 外壳10上端设置除尘出水阀16,于筒体外壳10上端及下部还设有排尘阀17。
[0065] 所述除尘机械过滤器筒体外壳10上还设有过多个清洗进水阀21、多个进气阀22、 清洗出水阀23和出气阀24，用于对除尘机械过滤器进行清洗;所述除尘滤料13为多个陶瓷 滤料，且不同陶瓷滤料的大小及表面粗糙度均不一样。
[0066]以上所述，仅为本发明的较佳可行实施例，并非用以局限本发明的专利范围，故凡 运用本发明说明书内容所作的方法步骤及等效结构变化，均包含在本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种废水机械破乳除油除尘方法，其特征在于，其包括以下步骤： ⑴机械破乳： (1 • 1)设置机械破乳装置，其包括罐体，于罐体内设有机械破乳机构，于罐体顶部设有 机械破乳进水阀，于罐体侧面中部设有机械破乳出水阀； (1.2)废水通过机械破乳进水阀进入罐体，机械破乳机构产生机械振动，使水微粒凝 聚，同时，机械破乳机构发出超声波，当超声波通过有悬浮水微粒的原油介质时，使悬浮水 微粒与原油介质一起振动，利用质量不同的水微粒，在相同作用力下具有振动速度差的原 理，使水微粒相互碰撞及黏合，使水微粒的体积和质量逐渐增大，使水微粒脱离原油介质向 下运动，完成沉降分离，破乳后的废水从机械破乳出水阀排出； ⑵油水分离： (2.1) 设置除油斜管沉降分离装置，其包括箱体，于箱体内设有斜管，箱体一侧上部设 有油水分离进水阀，箱体另一侧中部设有多个油水分离出水阀，于箱体顶部设有自动刮油 排油机； (2.2) 经过机械破乳后的废水，经油水分离进水阀进入箱体内，并进入斜管隔油区，沿 水平方向缓慢流动，在流动中，由于油与水的比重差异，油分子上浮至箱体顶部，而水分子 则向下沉淀，从而实现油水分离，油水分离后的废水从油水分离出水阀排出； (2.3) 集于箱体上部的油，通过自动刮油排油机将油收集到集油管内，通过集油管排出 收集； ⑶除尘： (3.1) 制备除尘机械过滤器，其包括筒体外壳、过水通道、格网、除尘滤料和中心布水 器，所述除尘滤料设于格网内，过水通道设于格网与筒体外壳内壁之间，中心布水器设于筒 体外壳内部中间； (3.2) 于筒体外壳一侧下部设置除尘进水阀，于筒体外壳上端设置除尘出水阀，于筒体 外壳上端及下部还设有排尘阀； (3.3) 废水通过除尘进水阀进入过水通道，并在过水通道内旋转向上流动，形成压力 差，废水在压力差的作用下经格网及除尘滤料进入中心布水器，然后从除尘出水阀流出，而 废水中的悬浮物被除尘滤料截留，完成废水的除尘； (3.4) 被截留下来的悬浮物，在旋转流动的废水的作用下，产生离心力，使得隔离出来 的油污及悬浮物由于重力小于水，从而浮于上方，并从上端排尘阀排出。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的废水机械破乳除油除尘方法，其特征在于，所述机械破乳装置 还包括:于罐体顶部设有人孔，罐体上端侧面设有轻油排油阀，罐体底部设有重油排油阀及 机械破乳循环冲刷清洗机构;在沉降分离过程中，轻油上浮至罐体上端，从轻油排油阀处排 出，重油向下沉于罐体底部，由重油排油阀排出。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的废水机械破乳除油除尘方法，其特征在于，所述除油斜管沉降 分离装置的箱体上还设有多个清洗阀。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的废水机械破乳除油除尘方法，其特征在于，所述除尘机械过滤 器筒体外壳上还设有过多个清洗进水阀、多个进气阀、清洗出水阀和出气阀，用于对除尘机 械过滤器进行清洗;所述除尘滤料为多个陶瓷滤料，且不同陶瓷滤料的大小及表面粗糖度 均不一样。
5.—种实施权利要求i至4之一所述方法的系统，其特征在于，其包括相互连通的机械 破乳装置、除油斜管沉降分离装置和除尘机械过滤器，其中，所述机械破乳装置包括罐体， 于罐体内设有机械破乳机构，于罐体顶部设有机械破乳进水阀，于罐体侧面中部设有机械 破乳出水阀;所述除油斜管沉降分离装置包括箱体，于箱体内设有斜管，箱体一侧上部设有 油水分离进水阀，箱体另一侧中部设有多个油水分离出水阀，于箱体顶部设有自动刮油排 油机。
6. 根据权利要求5所述的系统，其特征在于，所述机械破乳装置还包括：于罐体顶部设 有人孔，罐体上端侧面设有轻油排油阀，罐体底部设有重油排油阀及机械破乳循环冲刷清 洗机构。
7. 根据权利要求6所述的系统，其特征在于，所述机械破乳循环冲刷清洗机构包括:循 环冲洗管路及配水管。
8. 根据权利要求5所述的系统，其特征在于，所述除油斜管沉降分离装置的箱体上还设 有多个清洗阀。
9. 根据权利要求5所述的系统，其特征在于，所述除尘机械过滤器，包括筒体外壳、过水 通道、格网、除尘滤料和中心布水器，所述除尘滤料设于格网内，过水通道设于格网与筒体 外壳内壁之间，中心布水器设于筒体外壳内部中间；筒体外壳一侧下部设有除尘进水阀，于 筒体外壳上端设有除尘出水阀，于筒体外壳上端及下部还设有排尘阀。
10. 根据权利要求9所述的系统，其特征在于，所述除尘机械过滤器筒体外壳上还设有 过多个清洗进水阀、多个进气阀、清洗出水阀和出气阀，用于对除尘机械过滤器进行清洗， 所述除尘滤料为多个陶瓷滤料，且不同陶瓷滤料的大小及表面粗糙度均不一样。
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