CN106692504A - 一种清咽止咳润肺防雾霾保健食品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种清咽止咳润肺防雾霾保健食品及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种清咽止咳润肺防雾霾保健食品及其制备方法，它涉及保健食品技术领域。由以下重量配比的中草药制备而成：藤茶20～40份，枇杷叶15～30份，蒲公英10～20份，陈皮5～15份，甘草5～10份，薄荷叶5～10份，栀子5～10份。本发明旨在针对雾霾造成的呼吸道危害，通过合理中医配伍，以藤茶，枇杷叶，陈皮，薄荷，甘草，蒲公英，栀子等为主要原料，全部配方原料为药食同源，以及新食品资源原料，十分安全，开发出具有清咽润肺功效的保健功能产品，功效成分明确，口感优良，效果显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是保健食品技术领域，具体涉及一种清咽止咳润肺防雾霾保健食品及其制备方法。
背景技术
据统计, 我国至少30%的国土、近8亿人口承受着不同程度雾霾的困扰, 而京津冀地区、长三角和珠三角地区大气雾霾污染尤其严重。环境保护部监测结果显示, 2014年京津冀地区PM2.5 年平均浓度为93 ug/m3, 并且重污染过程频发, 重度及以上污染天数比例为17%. 大气雾霾污染造成了十分严重的大众健康危害和经济损失。
雾是由大气中的微小水滴或者冰晶在适宜的环境条件下形成的气溶胶系统，在太阳光的照射下呈乳白色。在气象学上，把相对湿度大于90%的称为雾。单纯的雾对人体无伤害。霾，指灰尘、硫酸盐、硝酸盐等粒子的大量存在，使大气能见度下降的现象，通常将相对湿度在80%以下的非水成份组成的气溶胶系统造成的视程障碍称为霾，它看上去呈黄色或橙灰色。霾的颗粒物来源包括工业、居民燃烧煤炭，石油等化石能源产生的大量一次颗粒物机动车尾气排放的元素碳，各种前体有机物如多环芳香烃、四乙基铅和大量的NOx，建筑扬尘、秸秆燃烧、垃圾焚烧，地面扬尘、岩土风化、海盐粒子、植物花粉，以及Ox、SO2、CO等气态污染物光化学反应形成的NH4NO3、（NH4）2SO4等。
总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）是指悬浮于空气中，空气动力学当量直径≤100 μm 的所有颗粒物，包括PM10（可吸入颗粒物）的空气动力学当量直径≤10μm；PM2.5（细颗粒物）的空气动力学当量直径≤2.5μm；颗粒直径小于100nm（0.1um）为超细颗粒，小于0.1um颗粒数量占TSP的84%；小于0.3um颗粒数量约占TSP的99%。
颗粒物直径越小，其表面积越大，则可以吸附越多的重金属和挥发性有害物质，其毒性也越强。另一方面，由于PM2.5的表面积大，其对肺部作用的面积也大，进而对肺部的影响也就越大。
1994 年美国癌症研究所进行了一项关于不同粒径的空气颗粒物在肺部沉积部位的研究表明:>10μm的颗粒物几乎不能进入呼吸道；而5～10μm 的颗粒物多被阻滞在上呼吸道；<5μm 的颗粒物多进入细支气管和肺泡； <2.5μm 的颗粒物几乎全部进入肺泡。大气中的细颗粒物和超细颗粒物在阻塞性肺病、哮喘和限制性肺病患者体内沉积量显著高于正常人。
成年人每天呼吸约20m3空气；每分钟呼吸15次，每次将大约50 万个微粒吸入肺中。当颗粒物80ug/m3时，PM2.5颗粒物数量高达12亿个；如果空气中PM2.5为80ug/m3，每天将吸入暴露量1.6mgPM2.5，吸入PM2.5颗粒物数量240亿个，每年吸入暴露量约584mgPM2.5。
在一般安静状态下，普通人吸入体内的PM2.5大约有9%会沉积在肺部，当运动强度至中等时，PM2.5在肺部沉积量将会大大增加,PM 0.1的沉积量将会增加4.5 倍，而当进行高强度运动时PM2.5在气道的沉积量会增加6～10倍。
雾霾中的微小颗粒上可以粘附致病微生物, 雾霾的扩散,除了增加呼吸道感染的机会外, 单纯的微小颗粒的物理作用,同样可以引起剧烈的咳嗽。人们的呼吸系统长期侵润在雾霾中, 微小颗粒在呼吸道黏膜上的累积, 可以激发呼吸道的排异反应, 如人们吃饭时呛到米粒一样, 但微小颗粒更难清除。这些微小颗粒也可能引起呼吸道黏膜上多种细胞如肥大细胞, 粒细胞等, 和多种炎症介质聚集和侵润, 最终引起气道的高反应和痉挛,产生临床上的剧烈咳嗽。
雾霾主要影响呼吸系统和心血管系统健康。霾微粒可直接进入人体呼吸道，并能黏附在气管、支气管及肺叶中，危害人体健康。霾的成分十分复杂，它包括数百种大气化学颗粒物质。其中，损害健康的物质主要是直径在10μm 以下的气溶胶粒子，如矿物颗粒物、海盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、有机气溶胶粒子、燃料和汽车废气等。这些粒子能直接进入人体呼吸系统，黏附于气管、支气管以及肺泡。特别是亚微米粒子会分别沉积于上、下呼吸道及肺泡中，引起急性鼻炎、急性支气管炎甚至支气管肺炎等病症。对于支气管哮喘、慢性支气管炎、阻塞性肺气肿和慢性阻塞性肺疾病等慢性呼吸系统疾病患者，特别是老年患者，雾霾天气可使病情加重或急性发作。如果长期处于这种环境，还可能诱发肺癌。复旦大学的一项最新研究提示：雾霾可使“鲜肺”6天变“黑肺”无法逆转。PM2.5主要通过氧化应激和巨噬细胞介导的免疫反应引起肺部炎症。此外，PM2.5还可通过内质网应激和促进细胞凋亡等多种途径影响呼吸系统。
事实上，PM2.5不是单纯对呼吸系统有影响，毒理学的研究指出其对心血管系统、生殖系统、血液系统和免疫系统等均有危害。比如对于心血管系统，PM2.5能够刺激肺内迷走神经，造成神经紊乱从而波及心脏，并可直接到达心脏，发生心肌梗塞；对于血液系统PM2.5可能诱发血栓的形成，还可以造成凝血异常，导致血粘度增高。雾霾天气时空气中的污染物较多，由于气压低，更容易诱发心血管疾病的急性发作。例如雾大的时候，水汽含量很高，人们做户外活动时，汗液不易排出，因而引起胸闷不适、血压升高等不良后果。PM2.5可通过以下3 条途径对心血管系统产生影响：(1)颗粒物中的可溶性成分，如金属和有机物质，直接进入循环系统；(2)肺内细胞释放促炎介质及血管活性分子进入血液循环，引起系统性氧化应激和炎症反应；(3)通过颗粒物与肺内受体或神经相互作用干扰自主神经系统。
小鼠的实验表明长期接触PM2.5将导致人体免疫功能的减弱，使人体患上呼吸系统疾病和引起肿瘤的可能性提高。同时细颗粒（如PM2.5）和超细颗粒（如PM1）能导致肺炎、呼吸道高敏性、上皮细胞损伤和上皮组织通透性增加。PM2.5还具有遗传毒性作用，且主要由有机提取成分引起。有不少研究证实，PM2.5有机提取物中的硝基多环芳香烃的弱极性成分具有最强的致突变、致癌作用，是主要的遗传毒性作用物，推测PM2.5在肺癌发生中起主要作用。
不仅如此，雾霾的“元凶”PM2.5具有粒径小、毒性强、停留时间长、运输距离远等特点使人体的生理结构对PM2.5几乎没有任何过滤、阻拦能力，因此PM2.5可以随着呼吸进入气管，甚至下行进入细支气管，深达肺泡并沉积，通过肺泡壁进入毛细血管，进而进入整个血液循环系统产生炎性损伤、氧化损伤、致癌毒性等伤害人体。PM2.5中重金属以及有毒有机物成分具有致癌性；美国癌症协会1982-2008年对120万人群长期跟踪研究表明，PM2.5每上升10μg/m3，癌症死亡率升高15%-27%，。美国女性健康队列研究( WHI) 发现PM2.5长期暴露与心血管疾病发病率及死亡率均显著相关，PM2.5暴露浓度每升高10μg /m3，心血管疾病发病风险增加24%，死亡风险增加76%。
既往研究显示，空气污染已使中国北方居民的预期寿命减少5. 5年，还提升了肺癌、心脏病和中风的发病率。《2010年全球疾病负担评估》认为2010 年室外空气污染在中国造成约120 万人过早死亡，几乎占全球此类死亡的40%；造成2500万健康生命年损失，相当于影响13亿中国人平均寿命减少7天。
雾霾的防护：
对于雾霾危害的防护主要有三大途径：1）避免吸入：使用空气净化器、特殊口罩减少颗粒物吸入；2）加快清除：使用清咽化痰止咳类保健产品、降低呼吸道伤害；3）降低危害：通过减少氧化损伤，增强免疫力降低颗粒物对身体的伤害。
雾霾的防护首先是物理阻隔防护。对3层医用口罩(无纺布) 、12层棉纱布口罩(棉纱布) 、N90 口罩(特殊材料) 、N95口罩(特殊材料)对PM2.5的防护实验表明，对3层医用口罩(无纺布) 、12层棉纱布口罩(棉纱布)对PM2.5的阻挡率低于20%。
进入肺组织的PM2.5等颗粒物清除途径：(1) 巨噬细胞介导清除，从肺泡到气管和咽喉, 以及随后经吞咽进入消化道； (2) 颗粒进入与肺相联的淋巴结； (3) 转运到血液循环及随后在二级器官蓄积。另外, 对可溶解在呼吸道液体或由细胞释放的成分中的颗粒物, 溶解也是清除颗粒物的重要方式。在PM2.5微小颗粒物的清除中，免疫系统起了非常重要的作用。
雾霾在中医看来，它是自然界中一种“浊气”。雾霾的病性可理解为湿、浊，往往与风、寒、热之邪结合随口鼻进入人体。肺在上焦，为华盖，雾霾湿浊之邪入侵，首先侵犯肺系，肺失宣降为咳嗽。中医以为，雾霾为有形之邪，侵袭人体而致病，病因明确。雾霾之邪集毒、燥、湿三气于一体:雾霾中含有多种有毒有害成分，直接通过呼吸系统被吸入体内，大量的颗粒成分又能吸附毒素，在肺部深处停留，阻滞气机，损伤肺络；雾霾本属金石之气，其性当燥，燥为阳邪，化火伤津，长期处于雾霾环境中，可见眼目涩痒、口鼻干燥等一派干燥之象；雾霾中含有较多水汽，故又兼湿性，湿阻气机，肺气失宣，湿困脾胃，生化无源。雾霾侵袭人体，会在体内产生毒、火、痰、瘀四大病理产物，从而进一步影响包括肺脏在内的全身脏腑机能。雾霾之邪本身就具有毒性，能够直中肺脏深处，在肺内累积日久，小毒变为大毒。颗粒物等成分在肺内，不易排出，化火伤津。又能遏阻气机，使肺不化气，津液不通，内生痰饮。火能灼伤津液，炼液为痰，内生之痰又会进一步阻滞气机。
加强人体抵抗能力，重在加强肺脾功能。肺主气，卫外，肺卫气足，邪难入侵；脾主运化水湿，主生气，脾气一充，母能生子，则肺气有源，水分充足，且水湿不聚，内无湿则外湿难浸，不致内外两湿相引而发病，即使感受少许雾霾湿邪，亦可及时运化而解。故可时服些补脾益肺化湿的药品或食品。
针对中医对雾霾致病的理解，对抗因雾霾外邪侵袭危害造成的毒、火、痰、淤。从补脾益肺增强自身免疫力，以及解毒，去火，化痰，散瘀5个方向，治疗和预防雾霾危害。
专利CN103405699A，一种防治雾霾引起的呼吸道病症的饮品及其制备方法，使用桑叶、百合、桔梗、陈皮、高良姜、金银花、苦杏仁、薄荷脑、北沙参、黄芪、浙贝母等草本原料，解决雾霾引起的呼吸道病症。此专利产品配伍成分复杂，指标功效成分不明确，治疗效果不理想。
专利CN200510095654.8, 一种治疗上呼吸道感染的中药制剂及其制备方法,使用藤茶（显齿蛇葡萄）、蒲公英、黄芩、板蓝根组成的中药制剂治疗上呼吸道感染，发明中使用黄芩、板蓝根原料仅能作为药品使用，且产品润肺止咳作用不明显。专利CN201110192581.X，一种用于止咳的中药复方制剂及其制备工艺，优选由藤茶、罗汉果、余甘子、薄荷脑、冰片中药材所制成，具有一定的止咳功效，此专利配伍原料均为寒凉药材，不适合寒性阴虚体质人群长期使用。
综上所述，针对雾霾等严重的空气污染，开发清咽润肺对抗雾霾伤害的产品很有必要。目前，采用合理中医药配伍预防和对抗雾霾对呼吸道伤害的产品和专利较少。本发明旨在开发一种清咽止咳润肺防雾霾保健食品及其制备方法。
发明内容
针对现有技术上存在的不足，本发明目的是在于提供一种清咽止咳润肺防雾霾保健食品及其制备方法，旨在针对雾霾造成的呼吸道危害，通过合理中医配伍，以藤茶，枇杷叶，陈皮，薄荷，甘草，蒲公英，栀子等为主要原料，全部配方原料为药食同源，以及新食品资源原料，十分安全，开发出具有明确清咽润肺功效的保健功能产品。
为了实现上述目的，本发明是通过如下的技术方案来实现：一种清咽止咳润肺防雾霾保健食品，由以下重量配比的中草药制备而成：藤茶20～40份，枇杷叶15～30份，蒲公英10～20份，陈皮5～15份，甘草5～10份，薄荷叶5～10份，栀子5～10份。
一种清咽止咳润肺防雾霾保健食品的制备方法，将上述七味中药材，合理配伍可以经粉碎造粒制成袋泡茶剂，也可以经热水提取，喷雾干燥后得到提取粉，再制成片剂或胶囊。
一种清咽止咳润肺防雾霾保健食品的制备方法，将上述七味草本原料直接粉碎，粉碎后原料按照一定配比混合均匀，混合后药材经过环模挤压造粒，造粒后原料经袋泡茶机分装成2.5g-5.0g/袋。本工艺全部采用物理方法处理，不添加任何工艺辅料，无废水，废气，废渣污染，工艺简便高效，节能环保。
一种清咽止咳润肺防雾霾保健食品的制备方法，将上述七味草本原料直接粉碎，粉碎后原料按照一定配比混合均匀，混合后药材经纯水两次提取，第一次提取加水12倍，85-95℃提取60-90分钟后，过滤；第二次提取加纯水8倍，50-80℃搅拌提取30分钟，过滤；两次提取液混合，混合液陶瓷膜过滤后，再经减压真空浓缩，浓缩液喷雾干燥得提取粉。提取粉造粒制成颗粒冲剂，胶囊填充为胶囊剂，或添加硬脂酸镁等助剂压成片剂。
本发明具有以下效果：以上七味原料均为药食同源草本原料，及新食品原料，使用安全，供应稳定。根据中医理论，合理配伍，全方性味平和。藤茶富含二氢杨梅素，具清热解毒，消炎，散瘀破结等功效；蒲公英归肝胃经，具有清热解毒、消肿散结、利尿通淋的功效；枇杷叶归肺、胃经, 清肺止咳、降逆止呕, 用于治疗肺热咳嗽、气逆喘气、胃热呕逆、烦热口渴；陈皮味苦、辛，性温。归肺、脾经。具有理气健脾，燥湿化痰之功效；薄荷味辛，性凉，具有疏风、疏肝、解毒、散热、辟秽的功效；栀子性寒味苦，无毒，主归心、肺、三焦经，具有泻火除烦、清热利尿、凉血解毒等功效。甘草味甘，性平，补脾益气，淸热解毒，调和诸药。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施方式，进一步阐述本发明。
本具体实施方式采用以下技术方案：一种清咽止咳润肺防雾霾保健食品，由以下重量配比的中草药制备而成：藤茶20～40份，枇杷叶15～30份，蒲公英10～20份，陈皮5～15份，甘草5～10份，薄荷叶5～10份，栀子5～10份。
本具体实施方式中的藤茶，俗称霉茶、端午茶、藤婆茶( 又称山甜茶、龙须茶) ，系葡萄科蛇葡萄属显齿蛇葡萄科（Ampelopsis grossedentata(Hand-Mazz) W. T. wang）的嫩茎叶，是一种非常古老的中草药资源、类茶植物资源和药食两用植物资源，主要分布于广东、广西、云南、贵州、湖南、湖北、江西、福建等省区。其性凉，具清热解毒，利尿，消炎，祛风除湿，散瘀破结等功效。我国壮族和瑶族人民将其幼嫩茎叶制成保健茶，用于治疗感冒发热、咽喉肿痛、黄疸型肝炎等病症。长期饮用藤茶，对治疗口腔溃疡、防治感冒、咽喉肿痛、急性结膜炎、痈疖及病毒性肝炎等病有疗效，认为藤茶有清热解毒、消肿利咽、消痈散结等功效。
枇杷叶系蔷薇科枇杷属植物枇杷（Eriobotryajaponica(Thunb.)Lindl.）的干燥叶。在我国分布广泛, 主要分布在江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、中国台湾、四川、云南等地。枇杷叶是一味常用中药, 收载于历版《中国药典》供临床使用。味苦, 微辛, 性微寒。枇杷叶归肺、胃经, 清肺止咳、降逆止呕, 用于治疗肺热咳嗽、气逆喘气、胃热呕逆、烦热口渴。目前已经从枇杷叶中分离出三萜酸、挥发油类、黄酮类、多酚、倍半萜及糖苷类等成分, 其药理学作用主要集中在三萜酸的抗炎止咳、降血糖、抗病毒、抗氧化等方面。枇杷叶中含大约3%苦杏仁苷，该成分具有显著的止咳、祛痰作用，并具有免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗炎以及抗溃疡等药理作用。
蒲公英为菊科植物蒲公英（Taraxacummongolicum Hand. –Mazz）、碱地蒲公英（Taraxacumsinicum Kitag）或同属数种植物的干燥全草。其性味苦、甘、寒，归肝胃经，具有清热解毒、消肿散结、利尿通淋的功效，用于治疗疔疮肿毒、乳痈、目赤、肺痈、肠痈、湿热黄疸和热淋涩痛等症。研究表明，蒲公英的活性成分是以咖啡酸、绿原酸、以及菊苣酸为主的酚酸类物质。菊苣酸为有机酸类物质，是咖啡酸的衍生物，具有抗菌、抗病毒、提高免疫力、抗炎、抗氧化、清除自由基的作用，已被欧美国家作为免疫增强剂而广泛使用。不同产地蒲公英含菊苣酸为0.2-1.0%。
陈皮为芸香科植物橘及其栽培变种的干燥成熟的果皮，又名橘皮、红皮、柑皮等，具有理气健脾、和胃止呕、燥湿化痰等多种功效。陈皮味苦、辛，性温。归肺、脾经。具有理气健脾，燥湿化痰之功效，其中含有较丰富的橙皮苷。陈皮为药食同源草本原料，广泛用于食品和保健食品。现代药理学研究表明，陈皮具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗病原微生物及抗癌的作用，可用于治疗厌食症、咳嗽多痰等疾病。其活性成分主要为黄酮类化合物，如橙皮苷、川陈皮素、橘皮素等。
薄荷为唇形科植物薄荷( Mentha haplocalyx Briq) 的干燥地上部分，味辛，性凉，具有疏风、疏肝、解毒、散热、辟秽的功效。薄荷用途广泛，可用于医药、食品、化妆品以及香料等。化学成分研究表明，薄荷药材中除含有挥发性成分外，尚含有多种酚类成分，如酚酸类、黄酮类、蒽醌类等，且具有良好的药理活性。其中橙皮苷、香叶木苷、蒙花苷等黄酮类成分在薄荷药材中含量较多，具有抗流感病毒、调节免疫力、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗菌等良好的药理活性。
甘草为豆科属植物甘草（Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch）、胀果甘草（Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat）或光果甘草（Glycyrrhiza glabra L）的干燥根和根茎，味甘，性平，归心、肺、胃经。具有补脾益气，清热解毒，祛痰止咳，缓急止痛，调和诸药的功能。甘草中主要含有三萜类和黄酮类等成分，其中三萜类主要成分有甘草酸，甘草次酸等; 黄酮类主要成分有甘草素，新甘草素等。
栀子是一味重要的中药材，又名山栀子，是茜草科植物栀子（Gardeniajasminoides Ellis）的干燥成熟果实，主产于湖南、江西两省，四川、湖北、浙江、福建、广东、广西、贵州省等也有少量分布。栀子性寒味苦，无毒，主归心、肺、三焦经，具有泻火除烦、清热利尿、凉血解毒等功效。栀子主要含环烯醚萜类、有机酸类和黄酮类成分。现代药理实验表明，栀子中的环
烯醚萜类成分有明显的抗炎镇痛、保肝利胆、抗血栓等活性; 有机酸类中的藏红花苷类成分具抗炎、抗血栓、调血脂、抗心肌缺血等活性。
实施例1：袋泡茶样品一：藤茶40份，枇杷叶30份，蒲公英10份，陈皮5份，薄荷叶5份，栀子5份，甘草5份。7味药材粉碎后，混合均匀，干法造粒，分装为3g/袋。30g产品，加沸水600ml分两次搅拌浸提，浸提液减压真空浓缩为60ml浓缩液，得受试液A。
实施例2：袋泡茶样品二：藤茶30份，枇杷叶25份，蒲公英15份，陈皮7.5份，薄荷叶7.5份，栀子7.5份，甘草7.5份。7味药材粉碎后，混合均匀，干法造粒，分装为3g/袋。30g产品，加沸水600ml分两次搅拌浸提，浸提液减压真空浓缩为60ml浓缩液，得受试液B。
实施例3：袋泡茶样品三：藤茶20份，枇杷叶15份，蒲公英20份，陈皮15份，薄荷叶10份，栀子10份，甘草10份。7味药材粉碎后，混合均匀，干法造粒，分装为3g/袋。30g产品，加沸水600ml分两次搅拌浸提，浸提液减压真空浓缩为60ml浓缩液，得受试液C。
实施例4：袋泡茶样品四：藤茶20份，枇杷叶20份，蒲公英15份，陈皮15份，薄荷叶10份，栀子10份，甘草10份。7味药材粉碎后，混合均匀，干法造粒，分装为3g/袋。30g产品，加沸水600ml分两次搅拌浸提，浸提液减压真空浓缩为60ml浓缩液，得受试液D。
实施例5：藤茶30份，枇杷叶25份，蒲公英15份，陈皮7.5份，薄荷叶7.5份，栀子7.5份，甘草7.5份。7味药材粉碎后，混合均匀。7味药材按以上配比，称取10Kg，粉碎后，混合均匀，加纯水120L，加热至85-95度，搅拌浸提60分钟后，浸提液过滤；滤渣添加纯水80L，加热至60-80度，提取30分钟，过滤；两次过滤液合并，经陶瓷膜进一步过滤，过滤液经RO膜常温浓缩，浓缩液经喷雾干燥，得提取粉2.0Kg，提取粉制成0.60g/片规格片剂，或0.60g/粒规格胶囊。4g提取粉（相当于生药材20g）溶于40ml纯水，制成受试液E。
本具体实施方式的产品清咽润肺止咳功能动物实验：
根据卫生部颁布的《保健食品功能学评价程序和检验方法》中规定标准方法，展开清咽功效的动物验证实验。
、大鼠棉球植入实验方法
受试样品前处理：制备的受试袋泡茶样品4个，提取液样品1个。袋泡茶样品各30g（3g/袋或2.5g/袋或5g/袋），添加900ml沸水，轻微搅拌浸提30分钟，过滤，滤液减压真空浓缩，浓缩成60ml，相当于0.5g生药/ml。
实验动物分组及给药：上海斯莱克实验动物有限责任公司提供清洁级SD 健康雄性大鼠80只，体重160g～190g大鼠棉球植入实验按体重将大鼠进行随机分组，分为3个剂量组和1个空白对照组，每组10只。各组大鼠均按10 ml /kg BW灌胃，空白对照组给予等量蒸馏水，连续30 天。在实验结束前8天，用脱毛器脱去大鼠两侧腹股沟处毛，将大鼠用乙醚浅麻醉，碘伏消毒，在无菌条件下切开大鼠两侧腹股沟皮肤，植入备用的棉球，缝合切口，继续灌胃。实验结束当天再给一次受试样品，1 h 后，断颈处死大鼠，在原缝合处剪开皮肤，剥离并取出棉球肉芽组织，置于洁净平皿，恒温干燥箱60℃开盖干燥1 h 后称重，计算肉芽肿净量。肉芽肿净量= 干燥后棉球肉芽肿重量－原棉球重量。
2、大鼠棉球植入实验结果
表一：样品对大鼠体重、肉芽肿净重的影响
| 实验组/平均体重 | 动物数/只 | 初重/g | 末重/g | 肉芽肿净重/g |
| 空白组 | 10 | 171±5 | 370±25 | 0.228±0.058 |
| 样品一（受试液A） | 10 | 171±5 | 372±25 | 0.143±0.026* |
| 样品二（受试液B） | 10 | 172±5 | 373±25 | 0.175±0.032* |
| 样品三（受试液C） | 10 | 172±5 | 373±25 | 0.157±0.038* |
| 样品四（受试液D） | 10 | 171±5 | 372±25 | 0.168±0.029* |
| 样品五（受试液E） | 10 | 173±5 | 374±25 | 0.158±0.030* |
备注：*表示与空白对照组比较，差异有统计学意义。
试验结果表明，相比于空白组，各受试产品组均有一定的抗炎效果。表明本发明配伍产品具有清咽功效。
、小鼠氨水引咳实验方法
上海斯莱克实验动物有限责任公司提供SPF级健康小鼠80只，体重18g～22g，取小鼠80只进行实验。分别将小鼠放入500 ml烧杯中，用超声波雾化器通入13％浓氨水雾化气，5 s后停止。取出小鼠，从通入浓氨水雾化气开始计时，3 min内不发生咳嗽的小鼠及咳嗽次数超过50次者过于敏感弃之不用。剩余小鼠随机取60只，休息3天后将小鼠随机分为模型组、各实验组。模型组小鼠灌胃等体积生理盐水，实验组小鼠灌胃受试液，每天给药1 次，连续给药7 天。
于末次给药30 min后，同法再次进行氨水引咳实验，记录小鼠从通入氨气开始至3min内咳嗽次数。
表二：各组小鼠咳嗽次数测定结果
| 实验组/平均体重 | 咳嗽次数 |
| 模型组 | 8.3±2.7 |
| 样品一（受试液A） | 3.7±2.3* |
| 样品二（受试液B） | 4.2±2.2* |
| 样品三（受试液C） | 4.8±2.6* |
| 样品四（受试液D） | 4.5±2.5* |
| 样品五（受试液E） | 4.6±2.0* |
备注：*表示与空白对照组比较，差异有统计学意义。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (4)
1.一种清咽止咳润肺防雾霾保健食品，其特征在于，由以下重量配比的中草药制备而成：藤茶20～40份，枇杷叶15～30份，蒲公英10～20份，陈皮5～15份，甘草5～10份，薄荷叶5～10份，栀子5～10份。
2.一种清咽止咳润肺防雾霾保健食品的制备方法，其特征在于，将上述七味按重量配比的中药材经粉碎造粒制成袋泡茶剂，或经热水提取，喷雾干燥后得到提取粉，再制成片剂或胶囊。
3.一种清咽止咳润肺防雾霾保健食品的制备方法，其特征在于，将上述七味按重量配比的中药材直接粉碎，粉碎后原料按照比例混合均匀，混合后药材经过环模挤压造粒，造粒后原料经袋泡茶机分装成2.5g-5.0g/袋。
4.一种清咽止咳润肺防雾霾保健食品的制备方法，其特征在于，将上述七味按重量配比的中药材直接粉碎，粉碎后原料按照配比混合均匀，混合后药材经纯水两次提取，第一次提取加水12倍，85-95℃提取60-90分钟后，过滤；第二次提取加纯水8倍，50-80℃搅拌提取30分钟，过滤；两次提取液混合，混合液陶瓷膜过滤后，再减压真空浓缩，浓缩液喷雾干燥得提取粉；提取粉造粒制成颗粒冲剂，胶囊填充为胶囊剂，或添加硬脂酸镁等助剂压成片剂。
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