CN106688554B - Screening method of wheat variety rich in organic selenium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a screening method of wheat varieties rich in organic selenium, which belongs to the field of crop production, and is characterized in that sowing of wheat varieties to be detected is carried out on test lands including test areas, wherein the soil selenium content of the test lands is less than or equal to 0.2mg/kg, and the test areas are intervened by selenium-rich nutritional agents, after harvesting, the total selenium content and the organic selenium content of each variety to be detected are detected, and when the total selenium content of the wheat is 0.2-0.5mg/kg and the organic selenium content is more than or equal to 80%, the variety of wheat is the wheat variety rich in organic selenium; the invention can screen out the wheat variety with strong selenium-rich capability, and is beneficial to the variety selection of the selenium-rich wheat production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crop production, and in particular relates to a method for screening wheat varieties rich in organic selenium.
Background
Selenium is a chemical element, the chemical symbol Se, an essential nutrient element for animals and a nutrient element beneficial to plants. Selenium element is essential trace mineral element for human body, and the total content of selenium in human body is 6-20 mg. Since no organ for storing selenium exists in the human body, selenium required by the body should be continuously supplied from the diet.
Wheat is one of staple food which is often eaten by people in daily life, selenium element necessary for human body can be obtained from edible wheat, but the selenium-rich wheat on the market is only added in the process of planting wheat, the adding mode is unreasonable, meanwhile, only inorganic selenium is added to the wheat in the prior art, the inorganic selenium has toxic and side effects on the human body, the per mu yield condition of the wheat is not fully considered, and moreover, the selenium-rich capability of the wheat is not systematically evaluated, and the selenium-rich wheat variety is not clearly selected, so that the blindness of variety selection is realized in the production of the selenium-rich wheat, and the economic value and the nutritional value of the selenium-rich wheat cannot be exerted to the maximum extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for screening wheat varieties rich in organic selenium, which can intervene in wheat through a selenium-rich nutrient to determine the absorption capacity of the wheat of different varieties to selenium elements and the selenium-rich capacity of the wheat of different varieties, so that the selected wheat varieties with strong organic selenium-rich capacity are optimized in production of the selenium-rich wheat, and the nutrition and economic value of the selenium-rich wheat are improved.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
A method for screening wheat varieties rich in organic selenium comprises the following steps: selecting a test land with the soil selenium content of less than or equal to 0.2mg/kg, wherein the test land comprises a test area, sowing wheat to be detected in the test area, performing selenium-rich intervention in the test area by using a selenium-rich nutrient, detecting the total selenium content and the organic selenium content of each harvested wheat to be detected after harvesting, and judging that the wheat to be detected is an organic selenium-rich wheat variety when the total selenium content of the wheat harvested in the test area is 0.2mg/kg-0.5mg/kg and the organic selenium content is more than or equal to 80%.
The screening method of the wheat variety rich in organic selenium provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for screening the wheat varieties rich in the organic selenium can determine the absorption and enrichment capacity of each wheat variety to the selenium element, so that the wheat varieties which can be fully rich in the organic selenium are screened, and the subsequent planting production of the selenium-rich wheat is optimized.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The method for screening wheat varieties rich in organic selenium according to the embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described below.
The invention provides a screening method of wheat varieties rich in organic selenium, which comprises the steps of randomly planting wheat to be detected, intervening by a selenium-rich nutrient in a test area for carrying out a selenium-rich test on the wheat, and detecting the total selenium content and the organic selenium content after harvesting, wherein when the total selenium content of the wheat is 0.2-0.5mg/kg, and the organic selenium content is more than or equal to 80%, the wheat of the variety is the wheat variety rich in organic selenium.
Specifically, the screening of the selenium-rich wheat variety is carried out according to the following method:
in the embodiment of the invention, the land to be screened for the wheat variety rich in organic selenium is selected, the selection standard is the field which has uniform soil fertility, the selenium content of less than or equal to 0.2mg/kg and is convenient to irrigate. The soil quality of the selected land should meet the requirements of GB 15618-.
The selected test land can be divided into a test area and a blank control area, the test area can use the selenium-rich nutrient to perform selenium-rich intervention, and the variety of the selenium-rich wheat is screened in the test area; the blank control area is not subjected to selenium-rich intervention, and the low-selenium state is kept; the wheat acre yield comparison of the wheat under the planting environments with different selenium contents is carried out between the test area and the blank control area so as to judge whether the wheat to be detected has good growth vigor and yield when the selenium element is enriched. And sowing the wheat variety to be detected in the test area and the blank control area. It is further explained that a protection row with the width of 1m-1.2m is arranged around the test field formed by the test area and the blank control area for screening the selenium-rich wheat varieties, and wheat randomly selected from the wheat varieties to be screened is planted in the protection row. And a walkway with the width of 0.4m-0.6m is reserved between the protection row and the test field, so that the walking and the working of workers during field management are facilitated.
The selenium-enriched intervention comprises pre-planting intervention and post-planting intervention. The intervention before planting is to apply a selenium-containing mineral fertilizer to the test area before the wheat to be detected is sowed in the test area; the post-planting intervention is to spray organic selenium-rich liquid fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of the variety of wheat to be detected in the heading and flowering period of the variety of wheat to be detected.
The application standard of the selenium-containing mineral fertilizer is 100 kg/mu-120 kg/mu, wherein the selenium content is more than or equal to 200 mg/kg; the application concentration of the organic selenium-rich liquid fertilizer is 30mg/L, the selenium content of each liter of organic selenium-rich liquid fertilizer diluted by water is 30mg, the absolute selenium content of the organic selenium-rich liquid fertilizer applied per mu is 1g-1.5g, and preferably, the absolute selenium content of the organic selenium-rich liquid fertilizer applied per mu is 1.2g, so that the requirement of wheat on selenium element is met, and unnecessary waste is avoided.
The organic selenium-rich liquid fertilizer is prepared by inoculating bacillus subtilis to a test tube rejuvenation culture medium to culture to form test tube seeds, and then inoculating the test tube seeds to a fermentation tank to ferment inorganic selenium, wherein the test tube rejuvenation culture medium comprises the following components: 6g/L glucose, 5g/L sucrose, 5g/L beef extract, 5g/L peptone, 4g/L sodium chloride and 18g/L agar; the fermentation tank comprises: 6g/L glucose, 5g/L sucrose, 5g/L beef extract, 10g/L peptone, 4g/L sodium chloride and 1g/L biological fermentation defoamer.
The ratio of the area of the test area to the area of the blank control area can be 2:1, so that the test area can be set to perform repeated tests, the test accuracy is ensured, the test amount is reduced, and certain test cost is reduced. However, the above-mentioned arrangement of the area ratio of the test area to the blank control area is not exclusive, and the area ratio of the test area to the blank control area may be 1:1, 3:1, or the like.
Further, the test area may be divided into a plurality of test planting areas, and the areas of the plurality of test planting areas may be equal to each other, for example, 6.7m2-15m2. The test area comprises a first test area and a second test area which have the same number of test planting areas. Each variety of wheat to be detected is respectively arranged in at least one test planting area of the first test area and at least one test area of the second test areaPlanting in each test planting area, namely, random block planting tests can be respectively carried out in the first test area and the second test area.
The blank control area is divided into a plurality of blank planting areas according to the dividing method of the test area, the areas of the blank planting areas are equal and are the same as the areas of the test planting areas. And planting each variety of wheat to be detected in at least one blank planting area, namely planting each variety of wheat in the blank planting area of the blank control area according to a random block planting method, and randomly selecting one variety of wheat to be randomly planted in any blank planting area of the blank control area.
The number of test planting areas, the number of second test planting areas, and the number of blank planting areas in the first test area are determined according to the number of wheat varieties to be screened for organic selenium-rich wheat varieties, for example: the method comprises the following steps that 24 varieties of wheat are selected from the selenium-enriched wheat varieties, the number of test planting areas and blank planting areas of a test planting area and a second test area in a first test area is 24, and the wheat of each variety is guaranteed to have two corresponding test planting and one corresponding blank control planting; if the varieties of the wheat subjected to the selenium-rich screening are 16 varieties, 20 varieties and the like, the number of the test planting area and the blank planting area is correspondingly adjusted. It should be further explained that intervals are reserved between adjacent test planting areas, between adjacent blank planting areas and between adjacent test planting areas and blank planting areas, the width of the intervals is 0.4m to 0.6m, the arrangement of the intervals can avoid variety mixing in the test, and can facilitate the management operation of workers in the field.
Furthermore, the standard of the seeding quantity of the wheat seeds is 13kg-15kg for seeding per mu.
The planting and management process during the screening of the selenium-rich wheat varieties is carried out according to the conventional wheat high-yield cultivation technology, and the fertilizer application standard in the planting management is in line with the regulation of NY/T394. The specific local formula is as follows:
ploughing: deep ploughing in the test area and the blank control area to a depth of 25-30 cm, applying base fertilizer and selenium-containing mineral fertilizer, finely preparing land, and ploughing to a flat level. The base fertilizer is farmyard manure, and the standard of fertilization is 1000kg-2000kg applied to each mu of land.
Seed treatment: sterilizing and dressing the screened seeds of the wheat variety rich in organic selenium by using a bactericide to obtain sterilized seeds, wherein the bactericide comprises diniconazole and carbendazim, but is not limited to the above; and the amount of seed dressing with the bactericide is 0.2% of the weight of the seeds.
Sowing: the sowing depth of the wheat seeds is 4cm-5cm, the row spacing is 20cm-25cm, and the sowing quantity per mu of land is 10kg-15 kg. The sowing time can be determined according to the geographical position of the selected wheat field and the climate condition of the field. For example: in the areas with cold climate and suitable for planting spring wheat, the wheat can be sown in 3-4 months; in the regions with warmer climate, winter wheat can be planted for 11-12 months.
Fertilizing: spraying the organic selenium-rich liquid fertilizer in the heading and flowering period of wheat, and fertilizing twice in the growth period of wheat, wherein the first time is in the green turning period of wheat, and 20kg-25kg of urea or formula fertilizer with the nitrogen content of more than or equal to 40% is applied to each mu of land; the second time is to apply 7kg-8kg of urea per mu of land in the booting stage of wheat.
Weeding and wheat field chemical control: before wheat jointing, the drug resistance is strongest, and chemical herbicides such as ryegrass clean and the like can be used for spraying to remove weeds; in order to prevent the wheat from overgrowing and later lodging, chemical control can be carried out by chemical control agents such as paclobutrazol and the like; but chemical weeding and chemical control lodging prevention are stopped after the wheat is pulled out, otherwise, phytotoxicity on wheat is generated, and the wheat maturing is influenced.
Harvesting: if the winter wheat is planted in 11-12 months, harvesting in the middle of 5-6 months of the second year, and airing and warehousing; and if the spring wheat is planted in 3-4 months, harvesting in the middle 7 th of the year.
After harvesting, respectively detecting the selenium content of all varieties of wheat according to different varieties, wherein when the total selenium content of the wheat is 0.2-0.5mg/kg and the organic selenium content is more than or equal to 80%, the wheat of the variety is a wheat variety rich in organic selenium, and when the total selenium content of the wheat is more than 0mg/kg and less than 0.2mg/kg, the wheat of the variety is the wheat rich in selenium.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples of methods for screening wheat varieties rich in organic selenium.
Example 1
And in 11 months and 1 day, selecting a cultivated land with the selenium content of 0.2mg/kg for carrying out the test of screening the wheat varieties rich in organic selenium, arranging protective rows with the width of 1m around the land area to be tested, reserving a walk path with the width of 0.4m between the protective rows and the test land, and planting the wheat variety on the protective rows to be Wanxi wheat 0638-1. The land of the test area and the blank control area is deeply ploughed to 25cm, the land is evenly divided into a first test area, a second test area and the blank control area, and farmyard manure is applied according to the standard of applying 1000kg per mu of land. Applying a selenium-containing mineral fertilizer with the selenium content of 200mg/kg to a first test area and a second test area according to the standard of 100 kg/mu of application amount for pre-planting intervention, and respectively dividing the first test area and the second test area into 24 areas with the area of 6.7m2The test planting area of (2) is divided into 24 areas with the area of 6.7m in the blank control area2The interval between the adjacent test planting areas and the interval between the adjacent blank planting areas, and the interval between the adjacent test planting areas and the adjacent blank planting areas are 0.4 m.
Randomly distributing and planting 24 varieties of wheat on 24 test planting areas of the first test area, and randomly planting the 24 varieties of wheat on the second test area and the blank test area in the same way; the standard of the seeding amount of the wheat seeds is 13kg for each mu, and diniconazole accounting for 0.2 percent of the weight of the seeds is used for sterilizing and dressing the seeds before seeding; the wheat seeding depth is 4cm, and the row spacing is 20 cm. The 24 varieties of wheat are respectively Wanxi wheat 0638-1, Guohong wheat No. 3-2, Yanmai 23-3, Hua 2152-6, Hubei wheat 18-7, Nannong 14Y106-8, Xinmai 8811-9, Ningmai 26-10, Hua 2566-11, Yanmai 20-12, Hubei wheat 580-13, Hubei wheat 23-15, Ximai 25-16, Hua 1168-17, Hua 2668-18, Ximai 55-19, Hubei No. 7-21, Zheng wheat 9023-23, Hubei wheat 251-24, Hubei wheat 170-5, Hubei No. 6-14, Hubei wheat 596-20, Ximai wheat 35-22 and Hubei wheat 352-4.
Spraying an organic selenium-rich liquid fertilizer with the concentration of 30mg/L in the ear sprouting period of wheat, wherein the selenium content in the organic selenium-rich liquid fertilizer sprayed per mu of land is 1.2 g; applying 20kg of urea per mu in the wheat green turning period; 7kg of urea is applied to each mu in the booting period of the wheat. Before wheat jointing, spraying ryegrass to remove weeds; paclobutrazol is used to prevent spindling and late lodging. And 5, harvesting and airing in the middle ten days of the month, detecting the selenium content of the wheat in the first test area and the second test area, and comparing the acre yield of each variety of wheat in the first test area, the second test area and the blank control area.
Example 2
And in 11 months and 5 days, selecting a cultivated land with the selenium content of 0.15mg/kg for carrying out the test of screening the wheat varieties rich in organic selenium, arranging a protective row with the width of 1.2m around the land area to be tested, reserving a walk with the width of 0.6m between the protective row and the test land, and planting the wheat varieties on the protective row as No. 3-2 of the national red. And deep ploughing the test area and the blank control area to a ploughing depth of 30cm, averagely dividing the land into the test area and the blank control area, and applying farmyard manure according to the standard of applying 2000kg per mu of land. Applying a selenium-containing mineral fertilizer with the selenium content of 250mg/kg to a test area according to the standard of the application amount of 120 kg/mu for pre-planting intervention, and dividing 20 mineral fertilizers with the area of 15m in the test area220 test planting areas with the area of 15m are divided in the blank control area2The interval between the adjacent test planting areas and the interval between the adjacent blank planting areas, and the interval between the adjacent test planting areas and the adjacent blank planting areas are 0.6 m.
Randomly distributing and planting 20 varieties of wheat on 20 test planting areas of the test area, and randomly planting the 20 varieties of wheat in the blank test area in the same way; the standard of the seeding amount of the wheat seeds is 15kg for each mu, and the carbendazim accounting for 0.2 percent of the weight of the seeds is used for sterilizing and dressing the seeds before seeding; the wheat seeding depth is 5cm, and the row spacing is 25 cm. The 20 varieties of wheat are respectively Wanxi wheat 0638-1, Guohong No. 3-2, Yanmai 23-3, Hua 2152-6, Hubei wheat 18-7, Nannong 14Y106-8, Xinmai 8811-9, Ningmai 26-10, Hua 2566-11, Yanmai 20-12, Hubei wheat 580-13, Hubei wheat 23-15, Xiangmai 25-16, Hua 1168-17, Hua 2668-18, Ximai 55-19, Hubei No. 7-21, Zheng mai 9023-23, Hubei wheat 251-24 and Hubei wheat 170-5.
Spraying an organic selenium-rich liquid fertilizer with the concentration of 30mg/L in the ear-sprouting period of wheat, wherein the selenium content in the organic selenium-rich liquid fertilizer sprayed per mu of land is 1 g; in the wheat green turning period, 25kg of formula fertilizer with nitrogen content equal to 40% is applied per mu; 8kg of urea is applied to each mu in the booting period of the wheat. Before wheat jointing, spraying a molinate to remove weeds; and (4) preventing the growth of the vain and the later lodging by using Zhuang Feng security protection. And 5, harvesting, airing, detecting the selenium content of the wheat in the test area, and comparing the acre yield of each variety of wheat in the test area and the blank control area.
Example 3
And in 11 months and 10 days, selecting a cultivated land with the selenium content of 0.2mg/kg for carrying out the test of screening the wheat varieties rich in organic selenium, arranging protective rows with the width of 1.1m around the land area to be tested, reserving a walkway with the width of 0.5m between the protective rows and the test land, and planting the wheat varieties 23-3 on the protective rows. Deep ploughing the land of the test area and the blank control area to reach the ploughing depth of 27cm, equally dividing the land into four blocks, wherein three blocks are the test area, the rest block is the blank control area, applying farmyard manure according to the standard of 1500kg per mu of land, and applying selenium-containing mineral fertilizer with the selenium content of 240mg/kg to the test area according to the standard of 110 kg/mu for pre-planting intervention. Three zones, a first test zone, a second test zone and a third test zone, were divided in the test zone, each zone containing 16 zones with an area of 9m2The test planting area of (2) was divided into 16 areas of 9m in the blank control area2The interval between the adjacent test planting areas, the interval between the adjacent blank planting areas and the interval between the adjacent test planting areas and the adjacent blank planting areas are 0.5 m.
Randomly distributing and planting 16 varieties of wheat on 16 test planting areas of the first test area, and randomly planting the 16 varieties of wheat in the second test area, the third test area and the blank test area in the same way; the seeding rate standard of the wheat seeds is 14kg per mu, and diniconazole accounting for 0.2 percent of the weight of the seeds is used for sterilizing and dressing the seeds before seeding; the wheat seeding depth is 4.5cm, and the row spacing is 22 cm. The 16 varieties of wheat are respectively Wanxi wheat 0638-1, Guohong No. 3-2, Yangmai 23-3, Hua 2152-6, Hubei wheat 18-7, Nannong 14Y106-8, Xinmai 8811-9, Ningmai 26-10, Hua 2566-11, Yangmai 20-12, Hubei wheat 580-13, Hubei wheat 23-15, Xiangmai 25-16, Hua1168-17, Hua 2668-18 and Xiangmai 55-19.
Spraying an organic selenium-rich liquid fertilizer with the concentration of 30mg/L in the ear sprouting period of wheat, wherein the selenium content in the organic selenium-rich liquid fertilizer sprayed per mu of land is 1.5 g; in the wheat green turning period, 22kg of formula fertilizer with nitrogen content equal to 50% is applied per mu; 7.5kg of urea is applied to each mu in the booting period of the wheat. Before wheat jointing, spraying a molinate to remove weeds; and (4) preventing the growth of the vain and the later lodging by using Zhuang Feng security protection. And 6, harvesting, airing, detecting the selenium content of the wheat in the test area, and comparing the acre yield of each variety of wheat in the test area and the blank control area.
Example 4
And in 11 months and 15 days, selecting a cultivated land with the selenium content of 0.17mg/kg for carrying out the test of screening the wheat varieties rich in organic selenium, arranging protective rows with the width of 1.1m around the land area to be tested, reserving a walk path with the width of 0.4m between the protective rows and the test land, and planting the wheat variety on the protective rows to be Wanxi wheat 0638-1. And deeply ploughing the land of the test area and the blank control area to a ploughing depth of 26cm, averagely dividing the land into a first test area, a second test area and the blank control area, and applying farmyard manure according to the standard of applying 1800kg per mu of land. Applying a selenium-containing mineral fertilizer with the selenium content of 200mg/kg to a first test area and a second test area according to the standard of the application amount of 105 kg/mu for pre-planting intervention, and respectively dividing the first test area and the second test area into 24 areas with the area of 6.7m2The test planting area of (2) is divided into 24 areas with 6.7m in the blank control area2The interval between the adjacent test planting areas, the interval between the adjacent blank planting areas and the interval between the adjacent test planting areas and the adjacent blank planting areas are 0.5 m.
Randomly distributing and planting 24 varieties of wheat on 24 test planting areas of the first test area, and randomly planting the 24 varieties of wheat on the second test area and the blank test area in the same way; the standard of the seeding amount of the wheat seeds is 14kg for each mu, and the polyporus frondosus with the weight of 0.2 percent of the weight of the seeds is used for sterilizing and seed dressing before seeding; the wheat seeding depth is 4.7cm, and the row spacing is 22 cm. The 24 varieties of wheat are respectively Wanxi wheat 0638-1, Guohong wheat No. 3-2, Yanmai 23-3, Hua 2152-6, Hubei wheat 18-7, Nannong 14Y106-8, Xinmai 8811-9, Ningmai 26-10, Hua 2566-11, Yanmai 20-12, Hubei wheat 580-13, Hubei wheat 23-15, Ximai 25-16, Hua 1168-17, Hua 2668-18, Ximai 55-19, Hubei No. 7-21, Zheng wheat 9023-23, Hubei wheat 251-24, Hubei wheat 170-5, Hubei No. 6-14, Hubei wheat 596-20, Ximai wheat 35-22 and Hubei wheat 352-4.
Spraying an organic selenium-rich liquid fertilizer with the concentration of 30mg/L in the ear sprouting period of wheat, wherein the selenium content in the organic selenium-rich liquid fertilizer sprayed per mu of land is 1.4 g; applying 22kg of urea per mu in the wheat green turning period; 7kg of urea is applied to each mu in the booting period of the wheat. Spraying ryegrass to remove weeds before wheat jointing; paclobutrazol is used to prevent spindling and late lodging. And 6, harvesting and airing in the middle ten days of the month, detecting the selenium content of the wheat in the first test area and the second test area, and comparing the acre yield of each variety of wheat in the first test area, the second test area and the blank control area.
Example 5
And (3) selecting a cultivated land with the selenium content of 0.2mg/kg for carrying out the test of screening the wheat varieties rich in organic selenium for 11 months and 20 days, arranging a protective row with the width of 1.2m around the land area to be tested, reserving a walk with the width of 0.6m between the protective row and the test land, and planting the wheat varieties on the protective row as No. 3-2 of the national red. And deep ploughing the test area and the blank control area to a ploughing depth of 28cm, averagely dividing the land into the test area and the blank control area, and applying farmyard manure according to the standard of applying 1800kg per mu of land. Applying a selenium-containing mineral fertilizer with the selenium content of 220mg/kg to a test area according to the standard of the application amount of 110 kg/mu for intervention, and dividing 20 mineral fertilizers with the area of 15m in the test area220 test planting areas with the area of 15m are divided in the blank control area2The interval between the adjacent test planting areas and the interval between the adjacent blank planting areas, and the interval between the adjacent test planting areas and the adjacent blank planting areas are 0.6 m.
Randomly distributing and planting 20 varieties of wheat on 20 test planting areas of the test area, and randomly planting the 20 varieties of wheat in the blank test area in the same way; the standard of the seeding amount of the wheat seeds is 13.5kg for each mu, and the carbendazim accounting for 0.2 percent of the weight of the seeds is used for sterilizing and dressing the seeds before seeding; the wheat seeding depth is 4.2cm, and the row spacing is 21 cm. The 20 varieties of wheat are respectively Wanxi wheat 0638-1, Guohong No. 3-2, Yanmai 23-3, Hua 2152-6, Hubei wheat 18-7, Nannong 14Y106-8, Xinmai 8811-9, Ningmai 26-10, Hua 2566-11, Yanmai 20-12, Hubei wheat 580-13, Hubei wheat 23-15, Xiangmai 25-16, Hua 1168-17, Hua 2668-18, Ximai 55-19, Hubei No. 7-21, Zheng mai 9023-23, Hubei wheat 251-24 and Hubei wheat 170-5.
Spraying an organic selenium-rich liquid fertilizer with the concentration of 30mg/L in the ear sprouting period of wheat, wherein the selenium content in the organic selenium-rich liquid fertilizer sprayed per mu of land is 1.1 g; in the wheat green turning period, 20kg of formula fertilizer with nitrogen content equal to 40 percent is applied per mu; 8kg of urea is applied to each mu in the booting period of the wheat. Before wheat jointing, spraying a molinate to remove weeds; and (4) preventing the growth of the vain and the later lodging by using Zhuang Feng security protection. And harvesting and airing at the beginning of 6 months, detecting the selenium content of the wheat in the test area, and comparing the acre yield of each variety of wheat in the test area and the blank control area.
Example 6
And in 11 months and 25 days, selecting a cultivated land with the selenium content of 0.18mg/kg in soil to perform an experiment for screening the wheat variety rich in organic selenium, arranging a protective row with the width of 1.1m around the land area to be tested, reserving a walk path with the width of 0.4m between the protective row and the experimental land, and planting the wheat variety on the protective row to be Wanxi wheat 251-24. The land of the test area and the blank control area is deeply ploughed with the ploughing depth of 26cm, the land is evenly divided into a first test area, a second test area and the blank control area, and farmyard manure is applied according to the standard of applying 1200kg per mu of land. The first test area and the second test area were given at an application rate of 120 kg/muApplying selenium-containing mineral fertilizer with selenium content of 200mg/kg to test areas for pre-planting intervention, and dividing 24 test areas with area of 6.7m into a first test area and a second test area2The test planting area of (2) is divided into 24 areas with 6.7m in the blank control area2The interval between the adjacent test planting areas, the interval between the adjacent blank planting areas and the interval between the adjacent test planting areas and the adjacent blank planting areas are 0.5 m.
Randomly distributing and planting 24 varieties of wheat on 24 test planting areas of the first test area, and randomly planting the 24 varieties of wheat in the second test area and the blank test area in the same way; the standard of the seeding amount of the wheat seeds is 14.5kg for each mu, and diniconazole accounting for 0.2 percent of the weight of the seeds is used for sterilizing and dressing the seeds before seeding; the wheat seeding depth is 4cm, and the row spacing is 20 cm. The 24 varieties of wheat are respectively Wanxi wheat 0638-1, Guohong wheat No. 3-2, Yanmai 23-3, Hua 2152-6, Hubei wheat 18-7, Nannong 14Y106-8, Xinmai 8811-9, Ningmai 26-10, Hua 2566-11, Yanmai 20-12, Hubei wheat 580-13, Hubei wheat 23-15, Ximai 25-16, Hua 1168-17, Hua 2668-18, Ximai 55-19, Hubei No. 7-21, Zheng wheat 9023-23, Hubei wheat 251-24, Hubei wheat 170-5, Hubei No. 6-14, Hubei wheat 596-20, Ximai wheat 35-22 and Hubei wheat 352-4.
Spraying an organic selenium-rich liquid fertilizer with the concentration of 30mg/L in the ear sprouting period of wheat, wherein the selenium content in the organic selenium-rich liquid fertilizer sprayed per mu of land is 1.4 g; applying 25kg of urea per mu in the wheat green turning period; 7kg of urea is applied to each mu in the booting period of the wheat. Before wheat jointing, spraying ryegrass to remove weeds; paclobutrazol is used to prevent spindling and late lodging. And 6, harvesting and airing in the middle ten days of the month, detecting the selenium content of the wheat in the first test area and the second test area, and comparing the acre yield of each variety of wheat in the first test area, the second test area and the blank control area.
The results of the determination of the selenium content in the test varieties wheat to be tested in the test areas of examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are shown in tables 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 (unit of total selenium and organic selenium content: μ g/100 g).
Table 1 selenium content of wheat in the test area of example 1
| Variety of (IV) C | Total selenium | Organic selenium | Organic selenium ratio | Type (B) |
| Wanxi wheat 0638-1 | 21.9 | 17.9 | 81.7％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Guohong No. 3-2 | 30 | 25.2 | 84.0％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Yangmai 23-3 | 23.7 | 21 | 88.6％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Hua 2152-6 | 39.4 | 33.3 | 84.5％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Ebei 18-7 | 32.3 | 28.3 | 87.6％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Nannong 14Y106-8 | 32.2 | 26.2 | 81.4％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Xinmai 8811-9 | 32.5 | 26 | 80.0％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Ningmai 26-10 | 24.5 | 19.9 | 81.2％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Hua 2566-11 | 20.4 | 18.3 | 89.7％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| 20-12 parts of Yangmai | 21.6 | 18.7 | 86.6％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Ebei 580-13 | 27.5 | 24.4 | 88.7％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Ebei 23-15 | 33 | 28.4 | 86.1％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Xiangmai 25-16 | 39 | 33.8 | 86.7％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Hua1168-17 | 28.9 | 24.4 | 84.4％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Hua2668-18 | 30.2 | 26.1 | 86.4％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Xiangmai 55-19 | 26.7 | 23 | 86.1％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Ehen No. 7-21 | 31.7 | 26.3 | 83.0％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Zhengmai 9023-23 | 22 | 18.7 | 85.0％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Jaw 251-24 | 23.7 | 19.6 | 82.7％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Jaw wheat 170-5 | 16.9 | 14.4 | 85.2％ | Containing selenium |
| Een No. 6-14 | 15.5 | 14.3 | 92.3％ | Containing selenium |
| Ermai 596-20 | 18.2 | 14.8 | 81.3％ | Containing selenium |
| Xiangmai 35-22 | 16.1 | 13.8 | 85.7％ | Containing selenium |
| Ebei 352-4 | 14.7 | - | - | Containing selenium |
Note: the total selenium and organic selenium content is the average of the first and second test areas.
Table 2 selenium content of wheat in the test area of example 2
| Variety of (IV) C | Total selenium | Organic selenium | Organic selenium ratio | Type (B) |
| Wanxi wheat 0638-1 | 22 | 18 | 81.8％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Guohong No. 3-2 | 31 | 26.2 | 84.5％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Yangmai 23-3 | 24.7 | 22 | 89.1％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Hua 2152-6 | 40.4 | 34.3 | 84.9％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Ebei 18-7 | 33.3 | 29.3 | 88.0％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Nannong 14Y106-8 | 33.2 | 27.2 | 81.9％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Xinmai 8811-9 | 33.5 | 27 | 80.6％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Ningmai 26-10 | 25.5 | 20.9 | 82.0％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Hua 2566-11 | 21.4 | 19.3 | 90.2％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| 20-12 parts of Yangmai | 22.6 | 18.7 | 82.7％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Ebei 580-13 | 28.5 | 25.4 | 89.1％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Ebei 23-15 | 34 | 29.4 | 86.5％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Xiangmai 25-16 | 40 | 34.8 | 87.0％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Hua1168-17 | 29.9 | 25.4 | 84.9％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Hua2668-18 | 31.2 | 27.1 | 86.9％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Xiangmai 55-19 | 27.7 | 24 | 86.6％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Ehen No. 7-21 | 32.7 | 27.3 | 83.5％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Zhengmai 9023-23 | 23 | 19.7 | 85.7％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Jaw 251-24 | 24.7 | 20.6 | 83.4％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Jaw wheat 170-5 | 17.9 | 15.4 | 86.0％ | Containing selenium |
Table 3 selenium content of wheat in test area of example 3
Note: the total selenium and organic selenium content is the average of the first, second and third test zones.
Table 4 selenium content of wheat in the test area of example 4
| Variety of (IV) C | Total selenium | Organic selenium | Organic selenium ratio | Type (B) |
| Wanxi wheat 0638-1 | 22.4 | 18.5 | 82.6％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Guohong No. 3-2 | 30.5 | 25.8 | 84.6％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Yangmai 23-3 | 24.2 | 21.6 | 89.3％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Hua 2152-6 | 39.9 | 33.9 | 85.0％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Ebei 18-7 | 32.8 | 28.9 | 88.1％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Nannong 14Y106-8 | 32.7 | 26.8 | 82.0％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Xinmai 8811-9 | 33 | 26.6 | 80.6％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Ningmai 26-10 | 25 | 20.5 | 82.0％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Hua 2566-11 | 20.9 | 18.9 | 90.4％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| 20-12 parts of Yangmai | 22.1 | 19.3 | 87.3％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Ebei 580-13 | 28 | 25 | 89.3％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Ebei 23-15 | 33.7 | 28.8 | 85.5％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Xiangmai 25-16 | 39.7 | 34.2 | 86.1％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Hua1168-17 | 29.6 | 24.8 | 83.8％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Hua2668-18 | 30.9 | 26.5 | 85.8％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Xiangmai 55-19 | 27.4 | 23.4 | 85.4％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Ehen No. 7-21 | 32.4 | 26.7 | 82.4％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Zhengmai 9023-23 | 22.7 | 19.1 | 84.1％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Jaw 251-24 | 24.4 | 20 | 82.0％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Jaw wheat 170-5 | 17.6 | 14.8 | 84.1％ | Containing selenium |
| En No. 6-14 | 16.2 | 14.7 | 90.7％ | Containing selenium |
| Ermai 596-20 | 18.9 | 15.2 | 80.4％ | Containing selenium |
| Xiangmai 35-22 | 16.8 | 14.2 | 84.5％ | Containing selenium |
| Ebei 352-4 | 15.4 | - | - | Containing selenium |
Note: the total selenium and organic selenium content is the average of the first and second test areas.
TABLE 5 selenium content of wheat in the test area of example 5
| Variety of (IV) C | Total selenium | Organic selenium | Organic selenium ratio | Type (B) |
| Wanxi wheat 0638-1 | 21.5 | 17.7 | 82.3％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Guohong No. 3-2 | 30.5 | 25.9 | 84.9％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Yangmai 23-3 | 24.2 | 21.7 | 89.7％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Hua 2152-6 | 39.9 | 34 | 85.2％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Ebei 18-7 | 32.8 | 29 | 88.4％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Nannong 14Y106-8 | 32.7 | 26.9 | 82.3％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Xinmai 8811-9 | 33 | 26.7 | 80.9％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Ningmai 26-10 | 25 | 20.6 | 82.4％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Hua 2566-11 | 20.9 | 19 | 90.9％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| 20-12 parts of Yangmai | 22.1 | 18.4 | 83.3％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Ebei 580-13 | 28 | 25.1 | 89.6％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Ebei 23-15 | 33.5 | 29.1 | 86.9％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Xiangmai 25-16 | 39.5 | 34.5 | 87.3％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Hua1168-17 | 29.4 | 25.1 | 85.4％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Hua2668-18 | 30.7 | 26.8 | 87.3％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Xiangmai 55-19 | 27.2 | 23.7 | 87.1％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Ehen No. 7-21 | 32.2 | 27 | 83.9％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Zhengmai 9023-23 | 22.5 | 19.4 | 86.2％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Hubei 251-24 | 24.2 | 20.3 | 83.9％ | Rich in organic selenium |
| Jaw wheat 170-5 | 17.4 | 15.1 | 86.8％ | Containing selenium |
TABLE 6 selenium content of wheat in test area of example 6
Note: the total selenium and organic selenium content is the average of the first and second test areas.
The results of tables 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 show that Wanxi wheat 0638-1, Guohong No. 3-2, Yanmai 23-3, Hua 2152-6, Hubei wheat 18-7, Nannong 14Y106-8, Xinmai 8811-9, Ningmai 26-10, Hua 2566-11, Yanmai 20-12, Hubei wheat 580-13, Hubei wheat 23-15, Ximai 25-16, Hua 1168-17, Hua 2668-18, Ximai 55-19, Huien No. 7-21, Zhengmai 9023-23 and Hubei wheat 251-24 are organic selenium-rich wheat varieties, and the screening method provided by the invention has stable and reliable results.
The wheat yields per mu for each variety in the test and blank control areas in example 1, example 2, example 3, example 4, example 5 and example 6 were compared. The blank control zones of example 1, example 2, example 3, example 4, example 5 and example 6 are represented in the following table as control 1, control 2, control 3, control 4, control 5, control 6, respectively; the test zones for example 1, example 2, example 3, example 4, example 5 and example 6 are shown in the table below as test group 1, test group 2, test group 3, test group 4, test group 5, test group 6, respectively. The results are shown in Table 7 (yield per mu unit: kg).
TABLE 7 mu yield of wheat of each variety in different planting environments
The results of the comprehensive table 7 show that under the condition that the soil contains selenium, the yields of the national red No. 3, the Yangmai No. 23, the Ningmai No. 26, the Hua 2566, the jaw wheat 580, the Xiangmai No. 25, the jaw en No. 7, the jaw wheat 251, the jaw wheat 170, the jaw en No. 6 and the jaw wheat 596 are all increased or basically kept unchanged, which indicates that the varieties can not only increase the selenium content of the wheat, but also increase the per mu yield of the wheat to a certain extent or keep the yield unchanged under the condition that the soil contains selenium, and further promote the economic benefit of the wheat; while the yield of Hua2668 is reduced by more than 30%, which is not advantageous for the production of wheat rich in organic selenium from the production point of view.
In conclusion, the screening method of the wheat variety rich in organic selenium provided by the embodiment of the invention can determine the absorption and enrichment capacities of different wheat to selenium, so that the wheat variety rich in organic selenium is screened, the variety selection during the planting of the selenium-rich wheat is facilitated, the blindness of production is avoided, and the economic benefit of production is improved.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for screening wheat varieties rich in organic selenium is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting a test land with the selenium content of less than or equal to 0.2mg/kg, wherein the test land comprises a test area, sowing the variety of wheat to be detected in the test area, the test area performs selenium-rich intervention by using a selenium-rich nutrient, the selenium-rich intervention comprises pre-planting intervention and post-planting intervention, and the pre-planting intervention is that a mineral fertilizer containing selenium is applied to the test area before the variety of wheat to be detected is sown in the test area; the post-planting intervention is to spray organic selenium-rich liquid fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of the variety of wheat to be detected in the heading and flowering period of the variety of wheat to be detected, wherein the heading and flowering period is 5d-7d after tassel;
the organic selenium-rich liquid fertilizer is prepared by inoculating bacillus subtilis to a strong test tube culture medium to form test tube seeds, and then inoculating the test tube seeds to a fermentation tank to ferment inorganic selenium, wherein the strong test tube culture medium comprises the following components: 6g/L glucose, 5g/L sucrose, 5g/L beef extract, 5g/L peptone, 4g/L sodium chloride and 18g/L agar; the fermentation tank comprises: 6g/L glucose, 5g/L sucrose, 5g/L beef extract, 10g/L peptone, 4g/L sodium chloride and 1g/L biological fermentation defoamer;
spraying the organic selenium-rich liquid fertilizer in the heading and flowering period of wheat, and fertilizing twice in the growth period of wheat, wherein the first time is in the green turning period of wheat, and 20-25kg of urea or formula fertilizer with the nitrogen content of more than or equal to 40% is applied to each mu of land; the second time is in the booting stage of wheat, 7-8kg of urea is applied to each mu of land;
detecting the total selenium content and the organic selenium content of each variety of wheat to be detected after harvesting, and judging that the variety of wheat to be detected is an organic selenium-rich wheat variety when the total selenium content of the wheat harvested in the test area is 0.2-0.5mg/kg and the organic selenium content is more than or equal to 80%;
the test area is divided into a plurality of test planting areas, and each variety of wheat to be detected is planted in at least one test planting area;
the areas of the experimental planting areas are equal and 6.7m2-15m2；
The test land further comprises a blank control area which does not use the selenium-rich nutrient for selenium-rich intervention, the blank control area comprises a plurality of blank planting areas, the area of each blank planting area is equal to that of the test planting area, each variety of wheat to be detected is planted in at least one blank planting area, the per mu yield of the wheat obtained by planting the same variety of wheat to be detected in the test planting area and planting the wheat in the blank planting areas is harvested and compared, and when the per mu yield of the wheat to be detected in the test planting area is reduced by 30% compared with the per mu yield in the blank planting areas, the wheat to be detected is judged to be not the organic selenium-rich wheat variety.
2. The method of screening wheat varieties rich in organic selenium according to claim 1, wherein the test areas comprise a first test area and a second test area, both containing the same number of said test planting areas, each of said varieties of wheat to be tested being planted in at least one of said test planting areas of said first test area and at least one of said test planting areas of said second test area, respectively.
3. The method of screening a wheat variety rich in organic selenium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the area ratio of the test area to the blank control area is 2: 1.
4. The method for screening wheat varieties rich in organic selenium according to claim 1, wherein the standard of application of the mineral fertilizer containing selenium is 100 kg/acre to 120 kg/acre, and the content of selenium in the mineral fertilizer containing selenium is 200mg/kg or more.
5. The method of screening an organic selenium-rich wheat variety as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic selenium-rich liquid fertilizer is applied at a concentration of 30mg/L, the selenium content per liter of the organic selenium-rich liquid fertilizer diluted with water being 30mg, and the selenium content per acre of land being 1g to 1.5 g.
6. The method for screening wheat varieties rich in organic selenium according to claim 5, wherein the liquid fertilizer rich in organic selenium applied per mu of land has a selenium content of 1.2 g.
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