CN106674302A - 一种寡糖的合成方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 4
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- -1 propargyl alcohol glycoside Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 125000003147 glycosyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000348 glycosyl donor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 238000006206 glycosylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
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- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical group Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 10
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical class CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003487 xylose Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- OSHOQERNFGVVRH-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F OSHOQERNFGVVRH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- TVDSBUOJIPERQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-yn-1-ol Chemical compound OCC#C TVDSBUOJIPERQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910003771 Gold(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010054949 Metaplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M gold monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Au+] FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001544 silver hexafluoroantimonate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QRUBYZBWAOOHSV-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QRUBYZBWAOOHSV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- C07H15/18—Acyclic radicals, substituted by carbocyclic rings
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- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种寡糖的合成方法,其特点是以全苄基保护炔丙醇苷为糖基给体,6位带有‑Tr保护基的糖基中间体或糖基为糖基受体,将糖基给体与糖基受体按摩尔比为1~6mmol:1mmol:0.1~1mmol 溶于有机溶剂中,在三价铁盐的催化下进行糖苷化反应。本发明与现有技术相比实现了糖基给体与6位带有‑Tr保护基的糖基中间体直接进行糖苷化反应,以较高的收率 “一锅法”合成寡糖,缩短了反应路线,简化了操作步骤,降低了生产成本,有效避免了重金属离子的污染,绿色环保,适合工业化生产,具有较大的技术创新和很好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机合成技术领域,具体地说是一种寡糖的合成方法。
背景技术
炔丙醇糖苷类给体具有结构简单,制备方便,保存容易的优点,是一种重要的糖基给体,逐渐应用到糖化学中。目前,该类糖基给体的制备方法主要利用金、银类等贵金属盐作为活化炔丙醇糖苷类给体的催化剂,催化其与糖基受体反应合成寡糖。
公开技术(1):S.Hotha and S.Kashyap,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2006,128,9620-9621.反应方程式如下:
公开技术(2):S.K.Mamidyala and M.G.Finn,J.Org.Chem.,2009,74,8417-8420.反应方程式如下:
公开技术(3):A.K.Kayastha and S.Hotha,Chem.Commun.(Cambridge,U.K.),2012,48,7161-7163.反应方程式如下:
公开技术(4):S.Adhikari,X.Li and J.Zhu,J.Carbohydr.Chem.,2013,32,336-359.,反应方程式如下:
上述公开技术虽然可以活化炔丙醇类糖苷给体与糖基受体合成寡糖,但存在的缺点是:(1)使用了AuCl3、AgSbF6、AgOTf等贵金属催化剂,价格昂贵,不易得,生产成本高,不适合工业化生产;(2)所用受体只能是6位为羟基的糖基受体,该受体一般还需要经过上一步的糖基中间体脱除其6位-Tr(三苯甲基)保护基的反应才能得到,导致以上方法合成寡糖的反应步骤长,效率低。(3)以上方法中Au3+、Ag+等重金属离子也易污染环境,不符合绿色化学发展的要求。
现有技术活化炔丙醇糖苷给体合成寡糖,催化剂价格昂贵,生产成本高,反应步骤长,合成效率低,而且催化剂易造成重金属离子环境污染,不适合规模化生产,大大限制了炔丙醇糖苷给体在寡糖合成中的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足而提供的一种寡糖的合成方法,采用全苄基保护炔丙醇苷糖基为糖基给体与6位带有-Tr保护基的糖基中间体或糖基为糖基受体,然后在三价铁盐的催化作用下将糖基中间体的6位-Tr保护基脱除后为糖基受体,同时催化该糖基受体与全苄基保护炔丙醇苷糖基给体进行的糖苷化反应,以较高的收率(~85%)一锅法”合成寡糖,大大缩短了反应和操作步骤,反应条件温和,合成收率高,不但反应体系催化剂廉价易得,降低了生产成本,而且有效避免了重金属离子的污染,尤其是一种绿色环保工业化生产寡糖的方法。
实现本发明目的的具体技术方案是:一种寡糖的合成方法,其特点是以全苄基保护炔丙醇苷为糖基给体,6位带有-Tr保护基的糖基中间体或糖基为糖基受体,将糖基给体与糖基受体溶解在乙腈、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺或二氯乙烷中,加入催化剂在40~90℃温度下进行5~20小时糖苷化反应,反应结束后,反应液经旋蒸、浓缩,除去溶剂后由柱层析分离得寡糖产物。
所述全苄基保护炔丙醇苷为全苄基保护葡萄糖炔丙醇苷、全苄基保护半乳糖炔丙醇苷或全苄基保护木糖炔丙醇苷。
所述6位带有-Tr保护基的糖基中间体或糖基为2,3,4-三-O-苯甲酰基-6-O-三苯甲基-α-D-葡萄糖甲苷、2,3,4-三-O-苄基-6-O-三苯甲基-α-D-葡萄糖甲苷、2,3,4-三-O-苯甲酰基-6-O-三苯甲基-α-D-甘露糖甲苷、2,3,4-三-O-苯甲酰基-6-羟基-α-D-葡萄糖甲苷、2,3,4-三-O-苄基-6-羟基-α-D-葡萄糖甲苷或2,3,4-三-O-苯甲酰基-6-羟基-α-D-甘露糖甲苷;所述催化剂为FeCl3、FeCl3·6H2O、Fe(OTf)3、FeCl3/C或FeCl3·6H2O/C;所述糖基给体与糖基受体、催化剂和乙腈、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺或二氯乙烷的摩尔体积比为1~6mmol:1mmol:0.1~1mmol:10-60mL。
本发明与现有技术相比实现了糖基给体与6位带有-Tr保护基的糖基中间体直接进行糖苷化反应,以较高的收率(~85%)“一锅法”合成寡糖,缩短了反应路线,简化了操作步骤,所用给体结构简单,性质稳定容易保存合成寡糖产物,催化剂廉价易得,降低了生产成本,有效避免了重金属离子的污染,绿色环保,适合工业化生产,具有较大的技术创新和很好的应用前景。
具体实施方式
以下将通过具体的实施例对本发明做进一步的阐述:
实施例1
本发明按下述反应方程式进行寡糖(3a)的合成:
其中:1a为全苄基保护半乳糖炔丙醇苷;2a为2,3,4-三-O-苯甲酰基-6-O-三苯甲基-α-D-葡萄糖甲苷;3a为2,3,4-三-O-苯甲酰基-6-O-(2,3,4,6-四-O-苄基-D-半乳糖基)-α-D-葡萄糖甲苷。
在N2保护下,将干燥的29mg(0.05mmol)全苄基保护半乳糖炔丙醇苷与37.5mg(0.05mmol)2,3,4-三-O-苯甲酰基-6-O-三苯甲基-α-D-葡萄糖甲苷溶解在3ml的二氯甲烷溶剂中,并迅速加入1.5mg FeCl3·6H2O到反应体系中,加热至40℃进行糖苷化反应25小时,TLC监测反应过程,反应完成后,加入200~300目硅胶于反应液中,经旋蒸、浓缩除去溶剂后由柱层析分离,得产物45mg为寡糖(3a),其收率为85%。
对上述所得产物进行分析确认为寡糖(3a)目标产物,其测试数据如下:
β构型:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ3.35(3H,s,),3.46-3.53(4H,m),3.72-3.87(3H,m),4.08(l H,d,J=9.24Hz),4.27-4.45(4H,m),4.66-4.71(3H,m),4.59and 4.91(2H,J=11.55Hz,CH2Ph),5.02(l H,d,J=10.56Hz),5.19(l H,d,J=3.63Hz),5.23-5.29(2H,m),5.41(l H,t,J=9.9Hz),6.16(l H,t,J=9.73Hz),7.18-7.98(35H,m,Ph)。
实施例2
本发明按下述反应方程式进行寡糖(3b)的合成:
其中:1b为全苄基保护葡萄糖炔丙醇苷;2b为2,3,4-三-O-苯甲酰基-6-羟基-α-D-葡萄糖甲苷;3b为2,3,4-三-O-苯甲酰基-6-O-(2,3,4,6-四-O-苄基-D-葡萄糖基)-α-D-葡萄糖甲苷。
在N2保护下,将0.06mmol(35mg)干燥的全苄基保护葡萄糖炔丙醇苷和0.05mmol(25mg)2,3,4-三-O-苯甲酰基-6-羟基-α-D-葡萄糖甲苷以及1mg FeCl3溶于3ml乙腈溶剂中,加热至80℃进行糖苷化反应15小时,TLC监测反应进程,反应完成后,反应液经旋蒸、浓缩除去溶剂后由硅胶柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10:1)分离纯化,得产物43mg为寡糖(3b),其收率为83%。
对上述所得产物进行分析确认为寡糖(3b)目标产物,其测试数据如下:
β构型:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.00–7.85(m,6H),7.52–7.12(m,29H),6.17(t,J=9.8Hz,1H),5.47(t,J=9.9Hz,1H),5.25(dd,J=10.2,3.6Hz,1H),5.20(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),5.05(d,J=10.8Hz,1H),4.91(d,J=10.9Hz,1H),4.80(d,J=10.8Hz,1H),4.76(d,J=10.9Hz,1H),4.68(d,J=10.9Hz,1H),4.53(d,J=11.5Hz,1H),4.50(d,J=11.6Hz,1H),4.47(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.43(d,J=12.2Hz,1H),4.41–4.34(m,1H),4.12(dd,J=10.8,2.0Hz,1H),3.81(m,1H),3.66–3.63(m,2H),3.61(m,1H),3.58(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),3.46-3.43(m,2H),3.37(s,1H)。
实施例3
本发明按下述反应方程式进行寡糖(3b)的合成:
在N2保护下,将干燥的0.1mmol(58mg)全苄基保护葡萄糖炔丙醇苷和0.05mmol(25mg)2,3,4-三-O-苯甲酰基-6-羟基-α-D-葡萄糖甲苷以及10mg FeCl3/C(FeCl3与活性炭质量比为1:1)溶于1.5ml四氢呋喃溶剂中,加热至80℃进行糖苷化反应8小时,TLC监测反应进程,反应完成后,反应液经旋蒸、浓缩除去溶剂后由硅胶柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10:1)分离纯化,得产物40mg为寡糖(3b),其收率75%。
实施例4
本发明按下述反应方程式进行寡糖(3c)的合成:
其中:2c为2,3,4-三-O-苄基-6-羟基-α-D-葡萄糖甲苷;3c为2,3,4-三-O-苄基-6-O-(2,3,4,6-四-O-苄基-D-半乳糖基)-α-D-葡萄糖甲苷。
在N2保护下,将干燥的0.08mmol(43mg)全苄基保护半乳糖炔丙醇苷和0.05mmol(23mg)2,3,4-三-O-苯甲酰基-6-羟基-α-D-葡萄糖甲苷以及3.5mg Fe(OTf)3溶于5ml二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,加热至90℃进行糖苷化反应6小时,TLC监测反应进程,反应完成后,反应液经旋蒸、浓缩除去溶剂后由硅胶柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=12:1)分离纯化,得产物38mg为寡糖(3c),其收率76%。
对上述所得产物进行分析确认为寡糖(3c)目标产物,其测试数据如下:
β构型:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.42–7.25(m,28H),7.23–7.10(m,7H),4.97–4.88(m,3H),4.80–4.73(m,3H),4.70(d,J=11.3Hz,3H),4.64(d,J=12.1Hz,1H),4.57(d,J=11.3Hz,2H),4.50(d,J=11.1Hz,1H),4.41(q,J=11.8Hz,2H),4.30(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),4.13(d,J=10.5Hz,1H),3.97(t,J=9.2Hz,1H),3.89(s,1H),3.87–3.79(m,2H),3.64–3.58(m,2H),3.57–3.52(m,1H),3.53–3.42(m,4H),3.29(s,3H)。
实施例5
本发明按下述反应方程式进行寡糖(3d)的合成:
其中:1c为全苄基保护木糖炔丙醇苷;2d为2,3,4-三-O-苯甲酰基-6-羟基-α-D-甘露糖甲苷;3d为2,3,4-三-O-苯甲酰基-6-O-(2,3,4–三-O-苄基-D-木糖基)-α-D-甘露糖甲苷。
在N2保护下,将干燥的0.1mmol(46mg)全苄基保护葡萄糖炔丙醇苷和0.05mmol(25mg)2,3,4-三-O-苯甲酰基-6-羟基-α-D-甘露糖甲苷以及3.5mg FeCl3溶于5ml四氢呋喃溶剂中,加热至60℃进行糖苷化反应15小时,TLC监测反应进程,反应完成后,反应液经旋蒸浓缩除去溶剂后由硅胶柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=8:1)分离纯化,得产物39mg为寡糖(3d),其收率为85%。
对上述所得产物进行分析确认为寡糖(3d)目标产物,其测试数据如下:
β构型:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.16-7.13(m,30H),5.93–5.77(m,2H),5.66(ddd,J=16.8,3.1,1.7Hz,1H),5.04(d,J=10.8Hz,1H),4.97(s,1H),4.88–4.79(m,2H),4.76–4.56(m,3H),4.42(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),4.38–4.31(m,1H),4.09(dd,J=10.8,1.9Hz,1H),3.95–3.81(m,2H),3.70–3.52(m,3H),3.42(s,3H),3.21–3.13(m,1H)。
上述各实施例所得产物经检测、分析后可以确认为纯的目标产物。以上只是对本发明作进一步的说明,并非用以限制本专利,凡为本发明等效实施,均应包含于本专利的权利要求范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种寡糖的合成方法,其特征在于以全苄基保护炔丙醇苷为糖基给体,6位带有-Tr保护基的糖基中间体或糖基为糖基受体,将糖基给体与糖基受体溶解在乙腈、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺或二氯乙烷中,加入催化剂在40~90℃温度下进行5~20小时糖苷化反应,反应结束后,反应液经旋蒸、浓缩,除去溶剂后由柱层析分离得寡糖产物,所述全苄基保护炔丙醇苷为全苄基保护葡萄糖炔丙醇苷、全苄基保护半乳糖炔丙醇苷或全苄基保护木糖炔丙醇苷;所述6位带有-Tr保护基的糖基中间体或糖基为2,3,4-三-O-苯甲酰基-6-O-三苯甲基-α-D-葡萄糖甲苷、2,3,4-三-O-苄基-6-O-三苯甲基-α-D-葡萄糖甲苷、2,3,4-三-O-苯甲酰基-6-O-三苯甲基-α-D-甘露糖甲苷、2,3,4-三-O-苯甲酰基-6-羟基-α-D-葡萄糖甲苷、2,3,4-三-O-苄基-6-羟基-α-D-葡萄糖甲苷或2,3,4-三-O-苯甲酰基-6-羟基-α-D-甘露糖甲苷;所述催化剂为FeCl3、FeCl3•6H2O、Fe(OTf)3、FeCl3/C或 FeCl3•6H2O/C;所述糖基给体与糖基受体、催化剂和乙腈、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺或二氯乙烷的摩尔体积比为1~6mmol:1mmol:0.1~1mmol:10-60mL。
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