CN106670088A - Separation device for small animals in soil - Google Patents

Abstract

A separation device for small animals in soil comprises a hollow barrel joint and a funnel; an upper opening of the barrel joint is provided with a top cover; a lower opening of the barrel joint is in butt joint with the large end of the funnel; a horizontal screen is arranged in the barrel joint; on the inner wall of the barrel joint, a first supporting block is arranged on the bottom face of the screen; the screen is fixed to the first supporting block; a gap is formed between the outer edge of the screen and the inner wall of the barrel joint; a baffle is arranged on the outer edge of the screen; a motor with an upward rotating shaft is fixed to the middle portion of the screen; fan blades are fixed to the rotating shaft of the motor; a heating plate is arranged below the screen; on the inner wall of the barrel joint, a second supporting block is arranged on the bottom face of a heating plate which is fixed to the second supporting block; a gap is formed between the outer edge of the heating plate and the inner wall of the barrel joint; the funnel is fixed to a supporting frame; and a collecting bottle is arranged below the small end of the funnel. The separation device can efficiently and fast separate the small animals in the soil.

Description

A device for separating small animals in soil

technical field

The invention relates to a device for separating small animals in soil.

Background technique

Soil animals are an important part of the soil ecosystem. They participate in the decomposition of biological residues, change soil properties, and play an important role in the formation and development of soil and the material cycle and energy flow of the ecosystem. As one of the indispensable biological components in the ecosystem, soil fauna is not only an important biological indicator of soil fertility, but also closely related to the formation, development, succession of soil and the biogeochemical cycle of the ecosystem. In recent years, there have been more and more studies on the impact and mechanism of land use, fertilization conditions, vegetation types, nitrogen deposition, soil heavy metal pollution, pesticide pollution, and acid rain on soil animal community structure and species diversity. Among these studies, the most critical One of the most important technologies is to separate and collect soil animals accurately and efficiently. Therefore, the separation of soil animals and animals in litter is of great significance for the study of soil ecosystems. So far, the Tullgren method or dry funnel method or its improved method is still commonly used by most domestic and foreign researchers, and it is also one of the most basic means of separating and collecting soil animals.

The separation of soil animals will be affected by various factors such as the size and structure of the separator, soil thickness, temperature, and humidity. Therefore, most of the current soil animal separation devices either have defects such as complex structure, high production cost, and small separation capacity, or have defects such as simple structure, low separation efficiency, and more impurities in the collector.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a device for separating small animals in soil, so as to separate small animals in soil more efficiently and quickly.

For realizing above-mentioned object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:

A device for separating small animals in soil, which includes a hollow barrel section and a funnel, the upper opening of the barrel section is provided with a top cover, the lower opening of the barrel section is connected to the big end of the funnel, a horizontal screen is arranged inside the barrel section, and the barrel section The inner wall of the section is provided with a first support block on the bottom surface of the screen, the screen is fixed on the first support block, there is a gap between the outer edge of the screen and the inner wall of the tube section, the outer edge of the screen is provided with a baffle, and the middle of the screen is fixed There is a motor with the rotating shaft facing upwards, and fan blades are fixed on the motor rotating shaft; a heating plate is arranged under the screen, and a second support block is arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder section at the bottom of the heating plate, and the heating plate is fixed on the second support block. There is a gap between the edge and the inner wall of the barrel section; the funnel is fixed on a supporting frame, and a collecting bottle is arranged under the small end of the funnel.

When using this separation device to separate small animals in the soil, first place the soil containing small animals in the screen, and start the low-speed motor on the screen, the fan blades of the motor will break up the soil particles, and the broken soil will flow from the The sieve falls onto the heating plate, and the heating plate emits heat to make the small animals falling on the heating plate climb outwards. After the small animals crawl to the gap between the heating plate and the inner wall of the barrel joint, they fall into the collection bottle along the funnel. A gap is provided between the screen mesh and the inner wall of the barrel section, so that larger soil animals can also fall into the collection bottle through the gap between the screen mesh and the inner wall of the barrel section. The separation device uses a motor to drive the fan blades to disperse the soil, which can speed up the falling speed of soil animals and tiny soil particles, ensuring that the soil animals are not hindered by too many large particles of soil when the next layer is separated, thereby improving the separation of soil animals Efficiency; In addition, the soil with high humidity is easy to agglomerate and has poor thermal conductivity, even under heating conditions, the animals in the soil will not feel the heat quickly, so most of the soil animal separation devices at this stage have a high separation humidity. The efficiency of animals in the soil is low, but this separation device uses motor-driven fan blades to disperse the soil with high humidity, making the soil easy to be heated, which greatly improves the separation efficiency of animals in this type of soil.

As an improvement of the present invention, a heating lamp is arranged above the screen, and the heating lamp is fixed on the bottom surface of the top cover through a lamp holder. Heat lamps can preheat the soil placed on the screen to improve separation efficiency.

Further, a voltage regulator is provided outside the barrel section, and the voltage regulator is electrically connected to the lamp holder for adjusting the power of the lamp holder. According to different soil conditions and soil quantities, the voltage regulator can be used to set the wattage of the corresponding heating lamp, which ensures the separation quality and separation efficiency.

As an improvement of the present invention, the cylinder section is provided with two rows of ventilation holes on the cylinder wall above the screen. The two rows of ventilation holes are arranged up and down. Each row of ventilation holes contains several ventilation holes. The cylinder walls are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction. The air hole is used for ventilation between the cylinder section and the outside world.

As an improvement of the present invention, the heating plate includes a metal plate, a gap is provided between the outer edge of the metal plate and the inner wall of the barrel section, and several annular heating strips are arranged radially apart on the metal plate, and the heating strips The temperature is set to decrease sequentially from the center to the outside. This setting can speed up the crawling efficiency of soil animals from high temperature to low temperature; in addition, the setting of the solid metal plate can also prevent tiny soil particles from entering the collection bottle, thereby improving the separation quality of soil animals.

Further, a controller is provided outside the barrel section, the motor and the annular heating strip are electrically connected to the controller, and the controller controls the rotation speed of the motor and the temperature of the annular heating strip. The temperature of the annular heating strip is controlled by the controller, and the temperature of the annular heating strip is set to decrease sequentially from the center to the outside. At the same time, the controller can also be used to adjust the motor speed to adapt to different components of soil samples, so as to achieve more efficient separation of different soil conditions. The purpose of soil animals.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

The separation device uses the motor to drive the fan blades to disperse the soil, which can speed up the falling speed of soil animals and tiny soil particles, ensuring that the soil animals are not hindered by too many large particles of soil when the next layer is separated, so that the soil can be separated efficiently and quickly Small animals in the medium; at the same time, it can also prevent tiny soil particles from entering the collection bottle, which can improve the separation quality of soil animals.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the small animal separation device in the soil of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the sectional view of the screen of the small animal separating device in the soil of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the heating plate of the device for separating small animals in soil according to the present invention.

detailed description

The content of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. In addition, it should be noted that, for the convenience of description, only parts related to the present invention are shown in the drawings but not all content.

Example

As shown in Figure 1, a kind of small animal separation device in soil, it comprises hollow cylinder section 1 and funnel 2, and the height of cylinder section 1 is 400mm, and diameter is 400mm, and the diameter of big end of funnel 2 is 400mm, and the small end The diameter is 20mm and the height is 400mm.

The upper opening of the cylinder section 1 is provided with a top cover 4. In this embodiment, the top cover 4 is a circular aluminum plate with a thickness of 1 mm and a diameter of 405 mm. The outer edge of the circular aluminum plate is also provided with a skirt with a thickness of 5 mm. side.

The lower opening of the barrel section 1 is connected to the large end of the funnel 2. There is a horizontal screen 6 inside the barrel section 1. The screen 6 is located at a distance of 300 mm from the upper opening. The screen 6 is a wire screen with 6 meshes and a diameter of 380 mm. .

The funnel 2 is fixed on a support frame 5, and a collection bottle 3 is arranged below the small end of the funnel 2. The support frame 5 is a tripod support frame with a support ring, the funnel is placed in the support ring, and the support ring is provided with three support legs.

The inner wall of the cylinder section 1 is provided with a first support block 9 on the bottom surface of the screen mesh 6, wherein the number of the first support blocks 9 is three, and the three first support blocks 9 are fixedly arranged at intervals of 120 degrees along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the cylinder section 1; The net 6 is fixed on the first support block 9, a gap is provided between the outer edge of the screen net 6 and the inner wall of the cylinder section 1, the outer edge of the net net 6 is provided with a baffle plate 19, and the middle part of the net net 6 is fixed with a motor 7 with the rotating shaft facing up. A fan blade 8 is fixed on the rotating shaft of the motor 7, wherein the fan blade 8 has a length of 150 mm and a width of 30 mm. When the separation device is used to separate small animals in the soil, the soil containing small animals is placed in the screen, the baffle is used to prevent the soil from falling, and the fan blades of the motor break up the soil.

In this embodiment, a heating lamp 14 is arranged above the screen 6, and the heating lamp 14 is fixed on the bottom surface of the top cover 4 through a lamp holder 15; 15 is electrically connected to adjust the power of the lamp holder 15, wherein the limit power of the lamp holder 15 is 100W. The heating lamp can preheat the soil placed on the sieve to improve the separation efficiency, especially for the soil with high humidity, preheating this kind of soil can reduce the soil moisture, so that it can be broken up by the fan blades faster , can effectively improve the separation efficiency of this type of soil; at the same time, according to different soil conditions and soil quantities, the voltage regulator can be used to set the wattage of the corresponding heating lamp, which ensures the separation quality and separation efficiency.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the cylinder section 1 has two rows of ventilation holes 17 on the cylinder wall above the screen 6, the two rows of ventilation holes 17 are arranged up and down, and each row of ventilation holes 17 contains several ventilation holes 17, Several ventilation holes 17 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the cylinder wall. The air hole is used for ventilation between the cylinder section and the outside world. The two rows of ventilation holes 17 are located 100mm and 200mm away from the upper opening of the barrel section 1 respectively, the diameter of the ventilation holes 17 is 30mm, and the interval between adjacent ventilation holes 17 is 20mm.

A heating plate 10 is provided below the screen 6 at a position 80 mm away from the screen, and the inner wall of the cylinder section 1 is provided with a second support block 11 on the bottom surface of the heating plate 10, wherein the number of the second support blocks 11 is three, and the three second support blocks 11 are fixedly arranged at intervals of 120 degrees along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the cylinder section 1; the heating plate 10 is fixed on the second support block 11, a gap is provided between the outer edge of the heating plate 10 and the inner wall of the cylinder section 1, and the outer edge of the heating plate 10 is provided with bezel. The scattered soil falls from the sieve onto the heating plate, and the heating plate emits heat to make the small animals that fall on the heating plate crawl outwards. After the small animals crawl to the gap between the heating plate and the inner wall of the barrel section, they go along the funnel The drop is inside the collection bottle, and the baffle is used to prevent the soil from falling.

In this embodiment, the heating plate 10 includes a metal plate 12, a gap is provided between the outer edge of the metal plate 12 and the inner wall of the cylinder section 1, and several annular heating strips 13 are arranged radially apart on the metal plate 12, Wherein the metal plate 12 is a circular aluminum plate with a diameter of 380 mm, and the temperature of the heating strip is set to decrease sequentially from the center to the outside. The temperature of the heating strip decreases sequentially from the inside to the outside, which can speed up the crawling of soil animals from high temperature to low temperature and improve the separation efficiency; the solid metal plate can also prevent tiny soil particles from entering the collection bottle, which can improve the separation quality of soil animals.

In this embodiment, a controller 18 is provided outside the cylinder section 1, and the motor 7 and the annular heating strip 13 are electrically connected to the controller 18, and the controller 18 controls the rotation speed of the motor 7 and the temperature of the annular heating strip 13. Control the temperature of the annular heating strips through the controller, and set the temperature of several annular heating strips to decrease sequentially from the inside to the outside, which can speed up the crawling of soil animals from high temperature to low temperature and improve the separation efficiency; at the same time, the motor speed can be adjusted to adapt to different conditions. The amount of soil samples, so as to achieve more efficient separation of soil fauna in different soil conditions.

When using this separation device to separate small animals in the soil, first place the soil containing small animals in the screen, and start the low-speed motor on the screen, the fan blades of the motor will break up the soil, and the broken up soil will flow from the The sieve falls onto the heating plate, and the heating plate emits heat to make small animals that fall on the heating plate crawl outward. The temperature of the annular heating strip of the heating plate decreases sequentially from the center to the outside, which can accelerate the crawling of soil animals from high temperature to low temperature. to improve the separation efficiency; after the small animals crawl to the gap between the heating plate and the inner wall of the cylinder section, they fall into the collection bottle along the funnel. There is a gap between the sieve and the inner wall of the tube section, so that larger soil animals can also fall into the collection bottle through the gap between the screen and the inner wall of the tube section. The separation device uses a motor to drive the fan blades to disperse the soil, which can speed up the falling speed of soil animals and tiny soil particles, ensuring that the soil animals are not hindered by too many large particles of soil when the next layer is separated, thereby improving the separation of soil animals efficiency.

In addition, the present invention can effectively improve the separation efficiency of animals in the soil with high humidity. The soil with high humidity is easy to form agglomerates and is not easy to disperse, and the heat transfer effect of the soil is poor, so even if the soil is heated, the animals in the soil will It will not feel the heat very quickly, so most of the separation devices for small and medium-sized soil animals at this stage have low separation efficiency when separating soil with high humidity. Dispersion makes the soil easy to heat, and greatly improves the separation efficiency of animals in soil with high humidity.

To sum up, this separation device first puts the soil containing small animals in the screen, and starts the motor on the screen. After the fan blades of the motor break up the soil, the crushed soil is heated on the heating plate at the same time. , so that the animals in the soil are separated, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

1. The separation device uses the motor to drive the fan blades to disperse or smash the soil, which can speed up the falling speed of soil animals and tiny soil particles, so as to efficiently and quickly separate small animals in the soil;

2. At the same time, it can prevent tiny soil particles from entering the collection bottle, which can improve the separation quality of soil animals;

3. Improve the separation efficiency of animals in soil with high humidity.

The above detailed description is a specific description of the feasible embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is not used to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent implementation or change that does not deviate from the present invention should be included in the patent scope of this case. middle.

Claims (6)

1. A device for separating small animals in soil, comprising a hollow barrel section and a funnel, the upper opening of the barrel section is provided with a top cover, and it is characterized in that: the lower opening of the barrel section is connected to the large end of the funnel, and a horizontal Screen, the inner wall of the cylinder section is provided with a first support block on the bottom surface of the screen, the screen is fixed on the first support block, there is a gap between the outer edge of the screen and the inner wall of the cylinder section, and a baffle is provided on the outer edge of the screen. The middle part of the screen is fixed with a motor with the rotating shaft facing upwards, and fan blades are fixed on the motor shaft; there is a heating plate under the screen, and the inner wall of the cylinder section is provided with a second support block on the bottom of the heating plate, and the heating plate is fixed on the second support block , There is a gap between the outer edge of the heating plate and the inner wall of the barrel section; the funnel is fixed on a support frame, and a collection bottle is arranged under the small end of the funnel. 2. The device for separating small animals in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: a heating lamp is arranged above the screen, and the heating lamp is fixed on the bottom surface of the top cover through a lamp holder. 3. The device for separating small animals in soil according to claim 2, characterized in that: a voltage regulator is provided outside the barrel section, and the voltage regulator is electrically connected to the lamp holder for adjusting the power of the lamp holder. 4. The device for separating small animals in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cylinder section is provided with two rows of ventilation holes on the cylinder wall above the screen, and the two rows of ventilation holes are arranged up and down, and each row The ventilation holes include several ventilation holes, and the several ventilation holes are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the cylinder wall. 5. The device for separating small animals in the soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heating plate comprises a metal plate, a gap is provided between the outer edge of the metal plate and the inner wall of the cylinder section, and the metal plate is aligned radially. Several annular heating strips are arranged at intervals, and the temperature of the heating strips is set to decrease sequentially from the center to the outside. 6. The device for separating small animals in soil according to claim 5, characterized in that: a controller is provided outside the barrel section, the motor and the annular heating strip are respectively electrically connected to the controller, and the controller controls the speed of the motor and the temperature of the ring heating strip.