CN203599035U - Soil animal segregator controlled by single chip microcomputer - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a soil animal separator controlled by a single chip microcomputer. The soil animal separator is formed by combining three layers of metal screens, each screen is composed of nets of different shapes and holes of different shapes, eyeholes are staggered, a certain distance exists between adjacent screens, and multiple ventilation holes are formed in the top of an outer cylinder. A temperature system is controlled by the single chip microcomputer, the actually measured temperature value is compared with a set temperature value through the single chip microcomputer, a silicon controlled rectifier conduction angle is controlled, and accordingly power of an incandescent lamp and temperature control of soil samples of the separator are achieved. The soil animal separator well solves the problems that the hole diameters of screens of a separator are oversize or undersize, liquid in a collector overflows and the temperature is too low or too high, power of a light source can be conveniently changed according to different thicknesses and humidity of the soil samples, it is needless that incandescent lamps of different wattages are changed or heights between lamp sources and the soil samples are adjusted, the optimum temperature is set more accurately and the optimum effect is achieved.

Description

Monolithic processor controlled soil animal separator

Technical field

The utility model belongs to agricultural technology field, is specifically related to a kind of monolithic processor controlled soil animal separator.

Background technology

In soil, perching ten hundreds of soil animals, they are parts important in soil ecosystem, they participate in the decomposition of biological residual body, change soil property, and the material recycle of the formation to soil and growth and the ecosystem and energy flow are all significant.20 beginning of the century Italy scholar Berlesc have invented baking worm funnel, by the improvement of Tullgren, are used widely, and people are called Tullgren method or dry funnel method.Be mainly used in body long 0.2 ~the separation and Extraction of the middle-size and small-size soil animal of 2 mm.Chinese scholars adopts Tullgren method to carry out separation and Extraction to the collection of middle-size and small-size soil animal more at present.But the variation of the size of Tullgren separator, structure and physical parameter, all has a huge impact the separative efficiency of soil animal, studies rarely found report for this respect.Within 2002, we have inquired into different capacity, different soils thickness of sample, the time dependent separative efficiency of temperature and humidity, disclose its law of segregation and the physical condition of optimum separating efficiency (Northeast China Normal University's journal in 2002, natural science edition, 34 2 phases of volume).More than ten years have gone over, and the scholar of domestic research soil animal is more and more, but the soil animal separator adopting is at present most or traditional Tullgren separation method, finds that in practice this separation method also exists a lot of problems.

1. the separating net-screen of separator is all continued to use one chip sieve aperture, easy leakage soil as excessive in sieve aperture, the too small easy obstruction of sieve aperture.For the problem of the large leakiness soil of sieve aperture, application number is 201110333848.2 patent of invention, soil animal and the efficient method separating of soil sample in a kind of crude product that Tullgren method is obtained of special proposition, in the crude product obtaining, add dense white sugar water to make soil animal floating and separate, but this method is cumbersome, also need to separate for the second time soil animal.

2. directly adopt incandescent lamp heating soil, the soil moisture is uncontrollable, can raise always, and in cylinder, hot gas is just discharged through bolter and funnel downwards from topsoil, so just have steam to condense on hopper walls, isolated soil animal can stick on hopper walls; If the water content of soil sample excessive (as wetland soil sample), the water condensing can make the liquid in collector exceed container and overflow, and has lost isolated soil animal.

3. directly adopt incandescent lamp heating soil, the soil moisture is uncontrollable, can raise always, arrive to a certain degree, even do not wait soil animal to separate, too high temperature, make soil animal roasting dead, therefore the soil sample to different-thickness, some employings are changed different wattage incandescent lamps and are separated regulating and controlling temperature, or adopt the distance of heightening between soil sample and incandescent lamp to control heating-up temperature, as patent 200510016504.3 becomes thermal source into separation suspension type by sleeve Contiuum type exactly, it is exactly the Level Change control soil moisture by regulating light fixture, but this method just regulates temperature by rule of thumb, inaccuracy.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is:

1. solve separator and adopt one-piece construction, the large leakiness soil of sieve aperture, separating effect is bad, even may separate failed problem; Solution sieve diameter is little, and the one, sieve diameter is less than the yardstick of soil animal own, and soil animal can not pass through, and the 2nd, eye diameter is little, easily by obstructions such as grains of sand earth, also may occur that soil animal separates not problem out.

2. solve after thermal source heating, in cylinder, temperature, humidity raise always, and hot gas is discharged from bell mouth; The problems that the water that makes steam condense on hopper walls or to condense produces the overflow in collector.

3. only regulate by rule of thumb the distance between soil sample and incandescent lamp and change the method for different wattage incandescent lamps, the accurate control problem that solves the soil moisture is more difficult.This patent of invention object is by adopting Single-chip Controlling temperature system, solve that thermal source (incandescent lamp) power is adjustable, heating-up temperature is controlled and soil sample in the problems such as temperature can show in time, make the separating effect of soil animal reach best.

Monolithic processor controlled soil animal separator system architecture is shown in Fig. 1.Separator is made up of inside and outside cylinder.Outer barrel cover top seal, heating source (incandescent lamp) is fixed on urceolus top, and multiple air vents and thermometer hole are arranged at top, and temperature probe is inserted in tested soil sample by thermometer hole.Separator provides heat by incandescent lamp, heating soil sample, the temperature and humidity of change soil sample.Screen cloth is arranged at inner core bottom, and screen cloth and inner core are placed on funnel, and inner diameter of steel flue should be slightly less than funnel diameter.Soil animal separator mesh structure is to be combined by multiple individual layer screen clothes.

Collector is made up of glass funnel and small beaker, and the soil animal of driveing out falls into beaker by funnel.For preventing soil animal escape, small beaker is contained 75% alcohol.

1. this invention has well solved the excessive and too small problem of separator mesh size.What adopt is that three-layer metal combination of screens forms, aperture dislocation, and every layer of screen cloth is at regular intervals.Screen cloth 5 contacts with soil sample, and it is the metal circular net of being made by stainless steel wire, and screen cloth 6 and screen cloth 7 are stainless steel circular metal plates, and sheet metal is provided with circular hole, guarantees that the middle-size and small-size soil animal that is less than 2mm can pass through.The sieve aperture dislocation of screen cloth 6 and screen cloth 7 is placed, and the soil that leaks down on a small quantity can directly not fallen in collector beaker, and rest in screen cloth 7.Experiment effect is for many years very good.

2. this utility model is established multiple air vents at the top of urceolus, along with pedotheque is heated by incandescent lamp, the hot gas evaporating in soil sample is just discharged by passage, solve and there is no passage, hot gas is discharged downwards from bell mouth, makes steam condense on hopper walls or problems that the water that condenses produces the overflow in collector.

Passage is established at urceolus top, and also to solve the soil moisture uncontrollable, the problem that can always raise.Because heating is conflict with heat radiation, the multiple passages that are provided with at urceolus top, strengthen the ability of heat radiation.At the heating initial stage, in cylinder, temperature rate-of-rise is very fast, and after the heating regular hour, heat radiation will tend to balance with heating, and the temperature rate-of-rise in cylinder is more and more less.Meanwhile, urceolus is provided with passage, also can make the maximum temperature point that soil temperature reaches compare while not establishing passage, and the maximum temperature point reaching is much lower.

3. this utility model has proposed the scheme of soil animal separator Single-chip Controlling temperature system, and it has solved and has only regulated by rule of thumb temperature, can not accurately control the problem of soil sample heating-up temperature.Native system adopts the chips such as cpu80c52,8255, AD0809 analog-digital converter, display, the minimum single-chip microcomputer of keyboard composition, add a closed loop thermal control system of the composition such as peripheral temperature measurement circuit and incandescent lamp power control circuit, Fig. 3 is soil animal separator Single-chip Controlling temperature system circuit theory diagrams.Become temperature sensing circuit by AD590 design for temperature sensor, the soil sample temperature value detecting is sent into ADC0809 analog-digital converter, numerical value after conversion through single-chip microcomputer processing, demonstrates temperature value on the display of temperature control system instrument panel.

In addition, the temperature value comparison by single-chip microcomputer to the actual temperature value recording and setting, single-chip microcomputer, by controlling the size of thyristor operating angle, is realized the control to incandescent lamp power and the temperature control to separator soil sample.

Native system has also designed manual set temperature value and incandescent lamp set value of the power input adjusting knob, can coordinate with key switch very easily, and adjusting knob is sent its value into single-chip microcomputer.

Like this, can, according to the difference of soil sample thickness and humidity, change very easily the power of light source, need not change the incandescent lamp of different wattages or reconcile the height between lamp source and soil sample, more accurately set maximum temperature, prevent that soil sample temperature is by superheated.

This utility model has well solved the too low problem such as excessively high of problem, the temperature of the overflow in separator mesh size excessive and too small problem, collector, can be according to the difference of soil sample thickness and humidity, change very easily the power of light source, need not change the incandescent lamp of different wattages or reconcile the height between lamp source and soil sample, more accurately set optimum temperature, reach optimum efficiency.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is monolithic processor controlled soil animal separator system construction drawing;

Wherein: 1. urceolus; 2. incandescent lamp; 3. temp probe; 4. inner core; 5. screen cloth; 6. screen cloth

7. screen cloth; 8. separator frame; 9. funnel; 10. beaker; 11. temperature control systems

Fig. 2 is soil animal separator mesh structure schematic diagram;

Wherein: 12. dog screws; 5. the eyelet length of side 3 × 3mm circular metal net; 6. thick 2mm stainless steel circular metal plate; 7. thick 2mm stainless steel circular metal plate; 13. high 6mm pads

Fig. 3 is soil animal separator Single-chip Controlling temperature system circuit theory diagrams.

The specific embodiment

Soil animal separator is shown in Fig. 1.Mainly formed by urceolus 1, inner core 4, incandescent lamp 2, temp probe 3, screen cloth 5, screen cloth 6, screen cloth 7, separator frame 8, funnel 9, beaker 10 and temperature control system 11.

Urceolus 1, inner core 4 are the metallic plate that 1.5～2 mm are thick and make, the high 18cm of urceolus, diameter 16cm, the high 16.5cm of inner core, diameter 14cm.Urceolus 1 top seal, heating source (incandescent lamp) 2 is fixed on urceolus 1 top, incandescent lamp 2 electric wire jointing temp control systems 11, urceolus top is except the lamp socket of an incandescent lamp 2, also has the thermometer hole of 4 ￠ 1cm air vents and a ￠ 1cm, temperature probe 3 is inserted in tested soil sample by thermometer hole, the other end jointing temp control system 11 of temperature probe 3.Separator provides heat by incandescent lamp 2, and screen cloth 5,6,7 is arranged at inner core 4 bottoms, screen cloth diameter 13.5cm, and screen cloth 5,6,7 and inner core 4 are placed on funnel 9, and the diameter of inner core 4 should be slightly less than the diameter of funnel 9.

The concrete structure of screen cloth is shown in Fig. 2.What screen cloth adopted is three-decker (screen cloth 5, screen cloth 6, screen cloth 7), screen cloth diameter 13.5 cm, screen cloth is fixing by 3 dog screws 10, between every layer, there are 3 pads 11 that 6mm is high, guarantee every layer of screen cloth spacing 5～6mm, screen cloth 5 contacts with soil sample, and it is the metal circular net of being made by ￠ 1mm stainless steel wire, and the eyelet length of side is 3mm; Screen cloth 6 and screen cloth 7 are stainless steel circular metal plates that 2mm is thick, are drilled with the circular hole of ￠ 4mm above, guarantee that the middle-size and small-size soil animal that is less than 2mm can pass through.The sieve aperture dislocation of screen cloth 6 and screen cloth 7 is placed, and the soil that leaks down on a small quantity can directly not fallen in collector beaker 10, but rest on screen cloth 7 above.

Collector is that glass funnel 9 and the 10～15ml small beaker 10 of diameter 14～15cm forms, and the soil animal of driveing out falls into beaker 10 by funnel 9.For preventing soil animal escape, small beaker 10 is contained 75% alcohol.

Soil animal separator Single-chip Controlling temperature system circuit, it comprises the chip such as cpu80c52,8255, AD0809 analog-digital converter, shows the compositions such as LED, keyboard, temperature measurement circuit and incandescent lamp power control circuit, sees Fig. 3.The circuit theory diagrams of Fig. 3 are made into circuit board and are arranged in the instrument container of temperature control system 11.3 of charactrons, keyboard (K1, K2, K3, K4), knob (potentiometer W1, potentiometer W2) are fixed on the front panel of temperature control system 11 instruments, and rear board has the binding post that connects temp probe 3 and incandescent lamp 2.

be illustrated with regard to main circuit below:

keyboard and demonstration (seeing Fig. 3 part):4 buttons (K1, K2, K3, K4), 3 charactrons and 8255 composition 3 megadyne temperature degree show and determinant keyboards (K1, K2, K3, K4), press-key structure is that other buttons are upspring in the time that a certain button is pressed.Different key is pressed, and cpu89c52 will carry out distinct program, and K1 presses, and on 3 charactrons, shows soil sample temperature value; K2 presses, rotational potentiometer W2 input temp setting value; K3 presses, and rotational potentiometer W1 input regulates the set value of the power of incandescent lamp 2, and K4 presses, and will monitor soil sample temperature, and constantly shows its temperature value.Like this, can be according to different soil samples, easily by button and turn knob potentiometer change light source (incandescent lamp 2) power, accurately set the heated maximum temperature of soil sample, prevent that the soil moisture is by superheated.

thermometric measuring circuit:formed by AD590 temperature sensor, amplifier L324U4, LM324U5, Zener diode and resistance etc.AD590 temperature sensor is encapsulated in metal tube, insert in soil animal separator soil sample, soil sample temperature in soil animal separator, after temperature measurement circuit detects, send into AD0809 analog-digital converter IN-7 (the 5th pin), after conversion, result exists in internal memory 50 H, voltage (0～5V) relation that cpu80c52 is corresponding according to temperature (0～100 ℃), calculates soil moisture value, changes into the decimal system through binary system, change into again reveal codes, deliver to display buffer, by 8255 with the display circuit of charactron composition, be presented on panel.

the setting of temperature controlling value;12V voltage connects on the series circuit of 10K metalfilmresistor R5 and 4.22K variable potentiometer W1 composition, and by dividing potential drop, variable potentiometer W1 can obtain 0～5V variable voltage value.Press K2 key, program enters temperature controlling value setting program, require input setting value, rotate variable potentiometer W1, magnitude of voltage sent into AD0809 analog-digital converter IN-1(27 pin), its value is deposited in internal memory 40 H by cpu89c52, as the setting peak of temperature, it is the same with the temperature value of measuring, and processes, and also can be presented on the charactron of panel through cpu80c52.

light source (incandescent lamp) control circuit:by light source 2(incandescent lamp 25w), MOC3021 photoelectrical coupler U1,74lS07 driver U2, bidirectional triode thyristor etc. form.1 pin of photoelectrical coupler MOC3021 connects 5V voltage by resistance R 1,2 pin of 74LS07 output termination MOC3021, the input pin of 74LS07 is connected with the P1.0 of cpu80c52 (1 pin), electrode and silicon controlled 1 pin of incandescent lamp 2 connect alternating current 220V, another electrode of incandescent lamp 2 is connected with silicon controlled 2 pin, in the time of the p1.0 of cpu89c52 output low level, to control MOC3021 photoelectrical coupler and make controlled silicon conducting, incandescent lamp 2 is lighted.When p1.0 output high level, photoelectrical coupler MOC3021 closes controllable silicon, and incandescent lamp 2 does not work.So when cpu80c52 compares the temperature value (40 H) of setting and the temperature value (50H) of practical measurement, when observed temperature value is greater than setting value, control the output high level of p1.0 pin, close incandescent lamp 2, stop the heating to soil sample.When observed temperature is lower than the temperature of setting, can pass through the P1.0 output low level of Single-chip Controlling cpu89c52, soil sample is heated.Like this, the extraordinary control soil sample temperature of energy can not exceed the maximum temperature value of setting.

light source 2(incandescent lamp) regulation and control of power:light source 2(incandescent lamp) regulation and control of power are to realize by the angle of flow of Single-chip Controlling bidirectional triode thyristor.The cycle of alternating current is 20ms, so, no matter be in positive half period 10ms, or in negative half-cycle 10ms, all respectively needing to trigger once, the time interval of twice triggering is 10ms, this 10ms is completed by the timer T1 in cpu89c52.Just send and interrupt application every 10ms timer T1, after cpu89c52 response, send 50 μ s low trigger pulse by p1.0 pin, by photoelectrical coupler, MOC3021 makes controlled silicon conducting, controls 2 light intensities of incandescent lamp soil sample is heated.

(Fig. 4 d) for synchronizing signalin order to control punctual triggering moment of the angle of flow well, therefore must take out the zero crossing of ac signal, make synchronizing signal.Exchanging 5V signal is taken out by power transformer, take out positive half-wave signal through diode, send into 5 pins of LM339 voltage comparator, then compare with 4 pins (ground connection), produce and the synchronous square-wave signal of alternating current, LM339 output (1 pin) connects 12 pins of cpu89c52, produces and interrupts every 20ms application INT0.So just form synchronizing signal.

the formation of the angle of flow and input:12V voltage is connected on the series circuit of 10K metalfilmresistor R6 and 3.9K variable potentiometer W1 composition, and potentiometer W1 voltage variable scope is designed to 0～4.5V, the 26 pin IN-0 inputs of variable potentiometer W1 slip termination ADC0809.Numerical value after ADC0809 conversion, is used as in the angle of flow delay procedure time constant of outer nested procedure.Again because time half period of alternating current is 0～10ms, so, the time 10ms of half period is divided into 256 parts, a copy of it, as the basic chronomere of minimum, in the delay procedure as the angle of flow, is nested with constant circulation timei of program.Synchronizing signal is had no progeny in producing, and starts immediately the delay procedure of the angle of flow, after finishing, sends trigger impulse by p1.0.Control the power of incandescent lamp 2.Constant circulation timei in synchronizing signal and angle of flow delay procedure, jointly determined to controllable silicon trigger accuracy and the size of the angle of flow.Like this, when K3 presses, can change easily setting and the input of the angle of flow by the potentiometer W1 on panel.

Claims (2)

1. monolithic processor controlled soil animal separator, it is characterized in that mainly by urceolus, inner core, incandescent lamp, temp probe, three layers of screen cloth, separator frame, funnel, beaker and temperature control system composition, urceolus top is semiclosed, heating source is that incandescent lamp is fixed on urceolus top, incandescent lamp electric wire jointing temp control system, urceolus top also arranges several air vents and a thermometer hole, temperature probe is inserted in tested soil sample by thermometer hole, the other end jointing temp control system of temperature probe, separator provides heat by incandescent lamp, three layers of screen cloth are placed in inner core 4 bottoms, the metal circular net that ground floor is made by stainless steel wire, contact with soil sample, second, three layers of screen cloth are stainless steel circular metal plate, be drilled with circular hole above, second, three layers of screen mesh dislocation are placed, collector is made up of glass funnel and small beaker, in small beaker, fill 75% alcohol.

2. by monolithic processor controlled soil animal separator claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that urceolus top portion ventilation hole ￠ 1cm, the ground floor screened port length of side is 3mm; Second and third layer of screen mesh is the circular hole of ￠ 4mm, every layer of screen cloth spacing 5～6mm.

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