CN106669411A - Method for balancing CO2 and CO2 equivalent materials in atmosphere - Google Patents
Method for balancing CO2 and CO2 equivalent materials in atmosphere Download PDFInfo
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- CN106669411A CN106669411A CN201510763643.6A CN201510763643A CN106669411A CN 106669411 A CN106669411 A CN 106669411A CN 201510763643 A CN201510763643 A CN 201510763643A CN 106669411 A CN106669411 A CN 106669411A
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/20—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of methane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/59—Biological synthesis; Biological purification
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
Abstract
A method for balancing CO2 and CO2 equivalent materials in atmosphere is used for enabling CO2 and the CO2 equivalent materials in the atmosphere to keep dynamic balance through human intervention, thereby regulating the greenhouse effect and global climate change. The method adopts the following ways: (1) the energy efficiency of fuel is improved, energy is saved and carbon emission is reduced through scientific and technological innovation and equipment upgrading; (2) water and soil are used reasonably, and transformation of the water and the soil from carbon source to carbon sink is promoted; (3) plant carbon sink is increased by planting, clipping, processing and storing fast-growing carbon sink grass; (4) with adoption of the photosynthesis-based industrialized technology, the transformation speed of CO2 in the atmosphere into organic carbon compounds is increased; (5) the carbon cycle period is changed, and the decomposition speed and the decomposition amount of a photosynthetic product are controlled; (6) carbon sink product types are increased, and the quantity of carbon sink products is regulated; (7) carbon sink potential of deserts is developed; (8) the CO2 equivalent materials in the atmosphere are collected, transformed and used, and content of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the remittance of carbon source, carbon, carbon products, belong to field of environment protection.
Background technology
Rock decay, volcanic eruption, burning plants, biological breathing can all produce CO2Rise, since industrialization, using in a large number for fossil fuel makes the CO in air2And CO2Equivalent substance content increases sharply, and causes " greenhouse effects " to aggravate, and drastically influence the survival and development of the mankind.In order to preferably utilize CO2And CO2Equivalent substance, the scholar of countries in the world is in the R and D for being devoted to " carbon science ", it is proposed that Physical Absorption method（Including pressure swing adsorption method and temp.-change adsorptive process）, chemical absorption method（Including hot potash method, Benfield method, organic amine absorption process）, membrane absorption method（Including gas separation membrane technology and gas absorbing film technology）、O2/CO2The methods such as combustion method.Traditional method absorbs or fixed CO2High cost, efficiency are low, it is recognized that CO is absorbed from air with green plants2, Jing photosynthesis is converted into glucose, and releases oxygen（O2 ）It is safest method.
Since the industrial revolution, CO in air2CO while concentration is drastically raised, in air2Equivalent substance is also being sharply increased, and IPCC also has pointed out will reduce CO2And CO2The discharge of equivalent substance.But CO is all ceaselessly discharged in tellurian geology change, biological growth and mankind's activity2And CO2Equivalent substance, there is presently no control CO in atmospheric thermodynamics by human intervention both at home and abroad2And CO2The method of equivalent substance balance.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide CO in a kind of atmospheric thermodynamics2And CO2The method of equivalent substance balance, is to make CO in atmospheric thermodynamics by human intervention2And CO2Equivalent substance quantity keeps dynamic equilibrium, adjusts greenhouse effects and Global climate change.
Plant passes through photosynthesis in nature, by the CO in atmospheric thermodynamics2It is converted into organic carbon to be fixed up, but due to by the plant in terrestrial ecosystems and marine ecosystems, effectively not collecting and sealing up, makes carbon remittance and seal up.CO is discharged in a large number plus mankind's activity, fossil energy burning, land use change survey2And CO2Equivalent substance, causes carbon source discharge capacity more than carbon remittance fixed amount, makes CO in atmospheric thermodynamics2And CO2Equivalent substance concentration rises steadily.
Lei Xuejun was in 2015《Agriculture project》5th interim points out：" dynamic carbon " refers to energy free movement in earth atmosphere circle, produces the carbonaceous material and CO of greenhouse effects2Equivalent substance." quiet carbon " refers to carbonaceous material, the CO that greenhouse effects are not produced in lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, atmospheric thermodynamics2Equivalent substance and its precursor substance.Under certain conditions, " dynamic carbon " and " quiet carbon " can mutual inversion of phases.When " dynamic carbon " is changed into " quiet carbon ", it is possible to decrease atmospheric warming effect；When " quiet carbon " is changed into " dynamic carbon ", atmospheric warming effect can be strengthened.
Fast-growing herbaceous plant has characteristic that is rapid and sprouting repeatedly of growing, and can repeatedly cradle within 1 year, realizes the big volume increase of biomass leap.As carbon products after machine-shaping, for carbon transaction, limited Forestry Carbon Mitigation is changed into unlimited plant carbon and is converged.Concrete grammar is included using envelope carbon（The temporary transient quiet carbon of category）, application envelope carbon（The temporary transient quiet carbon of category）, shaping envelope carbon（The long-term quiet carbon of category）With landfill envelope carbon（The permanent quiet carbon of category）.
Lei Xuejun was in 2015《Agriculture project》5th interim also indicates that：Plant carbon sequestration, the carbon products in kind transaction that virtual carbon emission power " quota index " transaction is become accurately to measure, realizes that " virtual carbon transaction " arrives the transformation of " entity carbon transaction ".Its meaning is, by plant carbon sequestration, to reduce CO in air2, reduction and in advance CO2Particle emission peak.
In this application, described CO2Equivalent substance is referred to《The Kyoto Protocol》Specified in removing carbon dioxide（CO2）Methane in addition（CH4）, nitrous oxide（N2O）, HFC（HFCs）, perfluorocarbon compound（PFCs）, sulfur hexafluoride（SF6）Deng five kinds of greenhouse gases.
In this application, described plant includes in terrestrial ecosystems and marine ecosystems, natural growing plants and tame plant.
In this application, described carbon products refer to the product with carbon remittance amount, the product with carbon remittance amount for being formed is filled including the product with carbon remittance amount or plant being processed, be molded by plant, being sealed up for safekeeping, the product with carbon remittance amount to be formed is substituted by energy-saving and emission-reduction project and clean energy resource, and all absorb CO in air2And CO2The material that equivalent substance is formed, it is processed into the product that can carry out carbon metering.
" carbon products ", " storage carbon products ", " plant stores up carbon products " described in this application, all referring to " carbon remittance product ", are used interchangeably.
The present invention be by human intervention to control atmospheric thermodynamics in CO2And CO2Greenhouse effects are maintained the most suitable state of life on earth activity by the concentration of equivalent substance.Its approach is：
（1）Fuel efficiency, energy saving are improved by scientific and technical innovation, scrap build, carbon emission is reduced；
（2）Rationally using water body and soil, water body is promoted to convert with soil from " carbon source " to " carbon remittance "；
（3）By planting, cradling, process, storing fast-growing carbon remittance grass, increase plant carbon and converge；
（4）Using photosynthetic industrialization technology, CO in atmospheric thermodynamics is improved2It is transformed into the speed of Organic Compounds；
（5）Change the carbon cycle cycle, control the amount of photosynthate decomposition rate and decomposition；
（6）Increase carbon remittance product category, adjustment carbon remittance product quantity；
（7）Excavate desert carbon mitigation potential；
（8）Collect, conversion, using CO in atmospheric thermodynamics2Equivalent substance, reduces atmospheric thermodynamics percent of greenhouse gases content.
CO in atmospheric thermodynamics2And CO2The method and approach of equivalent substance balance（1）In, it is by improving efficiency of combustion, improving heat output conversion rate, reduce energy usage amount to improve efficiency, reduce carbon emission.For example improve internal combustion engine heat output conversion rate and improve efficiency of combustion, reduce energy usage amount.
CO in atmospheric thermodynamics2And CO2The method and approach of equivalent substance balance（2）In, rationally using water body and soil, increase carbon sequestration capacity, reduce carbon emission.Tellurian water body and the soil scale of construction are very big, and fixed carbon is also a lot, improper due to management and use, make the carbon that has been fixed in water body and soil originally and carbon equivalent substance release out.If using proper, these water bodys and soil can also fix more carbon.Farming operation mode and rich water quality management measure are for example adjusted, increases the soil organism, soil is become as " carbon remittance ", otherwise soil is exactly " carbon source ".Reservoir is utilized and management by rational, can change the circulation phase of carbon in water body so as to become one " carbon remittance ".
By taking farmland as an example, traditional turning over can increase soil aeration and microbial activities ability, accelerate soil organic matter to decompose, and reduce number of times or no-tillage of turning over, it is possible to decrease the release of soil organic matter.By different types of plant crop rotation, crop cover can be changed（Including root system, litter）Value volume and range of product, increase soil organic carbon.The administration of fertilizer（Including straw-returning）Directly increase the carbon remittance amount in farmland.Soil dry-wet is alternately also beneficial to the preservation of organic carbon.By conceding the land to forestry and grass and water and soil conservation, a kind of measure of soil carbon sink is also to increase.
It is one " carbon source " in the construction period by taking reservoir as an example, water plant and animal is cultivated after building up, water plant photosynthesis absorbs CO2, a part of water plant becomes new organic matter by animal predation, and a part is deposited on and water-bed forms soil carbon sink.After aquatic animal and water plant are fished for, by using formation " remittance of fishery carbon "（Temporary transient quiet carbon）, the circulation rate of carbon is slow down, extend the carbon cycle cycle.The water resource of reservoir may further be used to generate electricity and substitute coal fired power generation, reduce carbon emission.
CO in atmospheric thermodynamics2And CO2The method and approach of equivalent substance balance（3）In, increase plant carbon and converge, it is to converge grass come Planting Fast-growing carbon using being not suitable for the deserted mountain barren hill of crop cultivation, marginal land, lay soil idle, by repeatedly cradling the substantial amounts of biomass of acquisition, being processed into carbon products carries out storage carbon sequestration.
CO in atmospheric thermodynamics2And CO2The method and approach of equivalent substance balance（4）In, photosynthetic industrialization technology includes industrialized production blue-green algae, produces hydrogen, photo catalytic reduction CO using photosynthetic bacteria2Production CH4、HCOOH、HCHO、CH3OH。
The photosynthetic place of nature is plant, algae and some bacteriums, under the irradiation of visible ray, through light reaction and dark reaction, using photosynthetic pigments by CO2And H2O（It is H for bacterium2S and H2O）Organic matter is converted into, and discharges O2（Bacterium discharges H2）Biochemical process.Photosynthesis is the basis that living nature is depended on for existence, is also the important medium of earth carbon-oxygen equilibrium.Green plants is photosynthetic trans to be:
12H2O+6CO2+ sunlight → C6H12O6+6O2+6H2O
Artificial photosynthesis, by combining the enzymatic biochemical reaction that nature is present, generate the non-existent artificial photosynthesis' dark reaction approach of nature, using H2Or electrically regenerative NADH drives conversion CO2For sugar or starch.
CO in atmospheric thermodynamics2And CO2The method and approach of equivalent substance balance（5）In, change the carbon cycle cycle, it is that using agriculture and forestry by-product production furniture, wall body building material, insulation material, the cycle period of its carbon was from some months or several years（Temporary transient quiet carbon）, extend to decades or longer time（Long-term quiet carbon）；Plant is manufactured into product to be comprehensively utilized, the speed of photosynthate decomposition and the quantity of decomposition is slow down.
CO in atmospheric thermodynamics2And CO2The method and approach of equivalent substance balance（5）Middle increase carbon products species, including plant machine-shaping, the carbon sealed up for safekeeping converges product, plant and fills the carbon to be formed and converge the carbon formed during product, comprehensive plant are utilized and converge product；Forming the plant of carbon remittance product includes the plant of the plant and artificial growth directly collected from nature.
CO in atmospheric thermodynamics2And CO2The method and approach of equivalent substance balance（7）Middle excavation desert carbon mitigation potential, is in alkali deserts（It is primarily referred to as the basic soil region of the convenient desert edge in water source, Edge of Oasis）Implement to irrigate desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching engineering, by increasing desert saline groundwater layer content, increase CO2Storage capacity.
CO in atmospheric thermodynamics2And CO2The method and approach of equivalent substance balance（8）Middle reduction atmospheric thermodynamics percent of greenhouse gases content, is by collecting CO2Equivalent substance carries out trans-utilization, reduces atmospheric thermodynamics CO2The content of equivalent substance.
Advantages of the present invention：
1), the development of global industry process and the growth of population, cause to arrange carbon amounts increase.While global economy increases, the destroyed cost of huge resource and environment has also been paid.Particularly greenhouse gas emission causes global warming, enjoys international community's extensive concern.Only adhere to saving development, Clean Development, security developments, human kind sustainable development could be realized.
2）Water body and soil are both carbon source, are again that carbon converges.Reasonable development, it is then that huge carbon converges using water body, soil；Excessively develop, blindly utilize, then water body and soil are huge carbon sources.
3）In nature, plant, algae and some bacteriums by photosynthesis, produce huge biomass every year.Plant, algae, the bacterium of the overwhelming majority is in the season of growth, the substantial amounts of CO by air2It is converted into organic matter；It is being not suitable for growing favorable season, it is dead（Or come off）, decompose and discharge carbon again.By collecting, sealing up for safekeeping organic matter, manual control organic matter decomposition rate changes the carbon cycle cycle.
4）By a large amount of cultivated plants, expand photosynthesis reaction path, increase organic matter yield.
5）Except the carbon such as internationally recognized Forestry Carbon Mitigation, marine carbon remittance converge in addition to species, increase the new carbon remittance approach such as plant carbon products are sealed up for safekeeping, plant carbon products are used.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic device of industrialized production blue-green algae
Fig. 2 is the schematic device that hydrogen is produced using photosynthetic bacteria
Fig. 3 is photo catalytic reduction CO2Schematic device
Fig. 4 is methane reformers schematic diagram
Accompanying drawing：
1st, 14,26-culture pond, 2,33-lamp bracket, 3,29-illuminating lamp, 4-nutrient solution, 5th, 13,18-air injection pipe, 6-A pipes, 7,40-feed reservoir, 8,42-raw material, 9-B is managed, 10-C pipes, 11,54-culture pump, 12-D pipes, 15-E pipes, 16-air accumulator, 17-F pipes, 19-G pipes, 20-H pipes, 21-air compressor, 22-I pipes, 23-algae solution, 24-algae solution pond, 25-J manage, 27,37,43-culture tank, 28-u shaped connector, 30-CO2Holding vessel, 31-K is managed, 32, 39, 45-culture tube, 34-L is managed, 35-hopper, 36-M is managed, 38-N is managed, 41-agitator, 44-P is managed, 46-Q is managed, 47-liquid material collects tower, 48-R is managed, 49-S is managed, 50-hydrogen recovery tower, 51-T is managed, 52-ventilation unit, 53-V is managed, 55-W is managed, 56-X-tube, 57-Y is managed, 58-methane recovery tank, 59-Z is managed, 60-gas storage tank, 61-reaction tube, 62-stirring motor, 63-a is managed, 64, 66-gas pump, 65-b is managed, 67-d is managed, 68-e is managed, 69-puddler, 70-fan, 71-detection hole, 72-stirring vane, 73-reflector, 74-high temperature lamps, 75-support, 76-swivel mount, 77-reflector base, 78-alkali storage tank, 79-f is managed, 80-feed liquid recycling can, 81-feed pump, 82-g is managed, 83-h is managed, 84-lye pump, 85-j is managed, 86-i is managed, 87-n is managed, 88-collection air pump, 89-m is managed, 90-activated carbon adsorber, 91-drying tower, 92-p is managed, 93-booster pump, 94-q is managed, 95-Molecular Adsorption tower, 96-r is managed, 97-fixed bed reactors, 98-t is managed, 99-u is managed, 100-v is managed, 101-rectifying column, 102-x is managed, 103-y is managed.
Specific embodiment
The following detailed description of currently preferred technical scheme, but the invention is not restricted to provided embodiment.
The method that the fast-growing grass planting of embodiment 1, shaping, carbon sequestration are sealed up for safekeeping
Lei Xuejun exists（CN201310164201.0）The plantation of Chinese pennisetum, napier grass, hybrid giant napier, sweet napier grass or hybrid Chinese pennisetum is disclosed in the method that the rank vegetation is planted, is molded, carbon sequestration is sealed up for safekeeping and comprehensively utilizes, is cultivated and is gathered in and shaping, carbon sequestration method of seal.
Lei Xuejun exists（CN201510350304.5）In the method for the careless scope of carbon remittance, Chinese pennisetum, napier grass, hybrid giant napier, sweet napier grass, hybrid Chinese pennisetum are defined as into fast-growing carbon remittance grass.
The present embodiment as a example by the plantation of lower Yangtze area, cradling, is comprised the following steps that by hybrid giant napier：
（1）Selection of land and site preparation
Select soil layer it is deep, it is loose it is fertile, on the sunny side, the good soil of drainage performance, combine to turn over per mu and apply 1000～2000kg of organic fertilizer.By 5～10m width ridging beddings, the deep 10～30cm of furrow, ridge length depending on landform, steep hillslope along contour ridging, with sharp draining and field management.
（2）Seedling raise period
When 4～May temperature reaches more than 10 DEG C, nursery of sowing is convenient.
（2）Plant stem to prepare
Selection eye is full, healthy, no disease and pests harm stalk is kind of a section, first tears the blade for wrapping up axillary bud before sowing off, and with knife segment is mitered into, and per section retains 1～2 section, and eye top stays short, and length is stayed in bottom, and the kind section for cutting is sowed in time, and anti-moisture content is lost.
（3）Sow
By line-spacing 30～40cm × 40～50cm, the plantation ditch of deep 5～10cm is opened, kind of a stem is lain in plantation ditch, with fine earth 2～3cm is covered.
（4）Nursery period management
Seedling grows and keep before ground ground moistening, come up 10～15 days it is more yellow, thin, impose 20～25kg urea with reference to watering per mu.
（5）Middle weeding
Seedling early growth is slower, middle weeding 1～2 time before envelope ridge.Loosen the soil with reference to weeding, earthed up in seedling root and stem of certain plants surrounding, it is to avoid plant lodges；Middle weeding, chesson all should be carried out after harvesting every time.
（6）Rich water quality management
Drouth is become a fine day, 1 cleaning up excrement water was watered 1 time or applied every 10～15 days；It is continuous overcast and rainy, note the prevention against water-logging that drains flooded fields.
（7）Harvesting in time
6～November, plant height was gathered in 1 time up to during 150～200cm every 20～40 days, can be gathered in every year 3～5 times, 5～10cm of toothing when often gathering in, it is to avoid the rainy day gathers in, to reduce pest and disease damage generation.
Lei Xuejun was in 2013《Chinese energy》6th phase and the 12nd interim discloses：The preparation technology and carbon products Plugging Technology Applied of rank vegetation section bar.Its production method is：After the harvesting of fast-growing herbaceous plant, drying or air-drying, crushed, heated compressing.Carbon products Plugging Technology Applied is：By fast-growing herbaceous plant carbon products moisture control in 10%, temperature is stored in less than 25 DEG C, what is be dried seals up for safekeeping in environment, it is desirable to which relative humidity is less than 20%；Park ferme will carry out waterproof work；Fast-growing herbaceous plant carbon products can be stored on the ground or in the carbon warehouse built of underground, can reduce humidity using drier if necessary, improve the stability of carbon products.
The apparatus and method of the industrialized production blue-green algae of embodiment 2
Blue-green algae be originate from the earth it is earliest, with chlorophyllous photosynthetic oxygen evolution autotroph.Organic matter is synthesized inorganic matter by photosynthesis, the oxygen of generation changes the air composition of the original earth.Make it is biological evolved from anaerobic respiration to aerobic respiration, while the formation of ozone layer blocks ultraviolet, life is landwards developed by ocean, be that the growth of various plants serves the effect of pioneer.
Now fossil fuel is used in a large number, the CO in air2Concentration is improved constantly, and causes global warming, reduces CO2Most safe, the most effective approach of concentration is that DIC is converted into organic carbon by photosynthesis.The CO in air can be consumed by the cultivation of blue-green algae2, for the feed that animal provides high-quality, for the mankind high quality food, medical material, industrial chemicals, fertilizer and new forms of energy are provided.
Blue-green algae suitable growth temperature it is high, organic matter is abundant, nitrogen content is high and in the low water body of phosphorus content.Blue-green algae life cycle is about 30 days, is divided into growth period, peak period, aging period three phases, average 10 days or so each stage.
The device of industrialized production blue-green algae, its structure includes referring to Fig. 1, described device：Feed reservoir（7）, culture pond（1、14、26）, air accumulator（16）, algae solution pond（24）；The feed reservoir（7）Managed by A（6）With culture pond（1）It is connected, the culture pond（1）Managed by D（12）With culture pond（14）It is connected, the culture pond（14）Managed by G（19）With culture pond（26）It is connected；The culture pond（1、14、26）Inside it is provided with air injection pipe（5、13、18）, air injection pipe（5、13、18）Managed by E（15）With air accumulator（16）It is connected, E pipes（15）With H pipes（20）It is connected；The air accumulator（16）Managed by I（22）With air compressor（21）It is connected；The culture pond（1）Managed by C（10）, culture pump（11）, F pipe（17）With culture pond（14、26）It is connected；The algae solution pond（24）Managed by J（25）With feed reservoir（7）It is connected；The culture pond（1、14、26）Top is provided with lamp bracket（2）, lamp bracket（2）On illuminating lamp is installed（3）.
The feed reservoir（7）For depositing the raw material of the blue bath of culture（8）；The culture pond（1、14、26）For depositing nutrient solution（4）Culture blue-green algae；The algae solution pond（24）For depositing algae solution（23）, the liquid after blue-green algae is salvaged, managed by J（25）Refill feed reservoir（7）It is interior；The feed reservoir（7）The interior surface water rich in organic matter is managed by B（9）Injection.
The method of industrialized production blue-green algae, its step is：
（1）Will be enriched in the surface water of organic matter（It is primarily referred to as irrigation canals and ditches, river, lake, the water in marsh）Or industrial wastewater is filtered after sterilization, injects feed reservoir.Also running water can be added to feed reservoir, by aeration, after volatilizing using chlorine, water per ton adds 1～2Kg nitrogenous fertilizer.
（2）The settled solutions such as NaOH, calcium hydroxide or lime, milk of lime are added in feed reservoir, pH value is adjusted into 7～8.
（3）The nutrient solution for modulating is injected in culture pond, makes medium depth keep 5～10cm.The suitable wide 1～10m of culture pond, long 5～50m, can 3～10 culture ponds be chained together, nutrient solution is circulated between each culture pond by cultivating pump.1～5 air injection pipe is set in culture pond, often away from 0.5～1m a venthole is provided with air injection pipe.Select the pipelines such as silicone tube, plastic tube, pvc pipe, composite material tube, metal tube, the glass tube of 0.5～5cm of internal diameter as air injection pipe, outlet bore dia is preferably selected 1～5mm.
（4）First the blue-green algae original seed for screening is inoculated into the algae culturing pool of 3～5cm of the depth of water or is cultivated in vessel, after algae kind culture 2～3 days, then pour the algae kind after activation into culture pond.
（5）The distance between light fixture and nutrient solution are adjusted, light fixture keeps the distance between 10～15cm, light fixture and light fixture to keep 1～1.5m with nutrient solution liquid level.
When air themperature is more than 20 DEG C, light fixture adopts the low temperature lightings such as 30～50 watts of fluorescent lamp, electricity-saving lamp, daily light application time 12～15 hours；When natural light is sufficient, can not turn on light.When air themperature is more than 35 DEG C, surrounding ventilation in intensified education pond is suitably sheltered from heat or light, and reduces indoor temperature, and the temperature for making nutrient solution is maintained within 45 DEG C.
When air themperature is less than 20 DEG C, in order that the temperature of nutrient solution is maintained at 20～35 DEG C, make fluorescent lamp into the high temperature lighting instrument such as incandescent lamp or iodine-tungsten lamp, increasing the temperature of nutrient solution by the heat of light, or steam is passed through into air injection pipe increases the temperature of nutrient solution.
（6）O in control nutrient solution2And CO2Meltage, make culture flow velocity be maintained at 1～10m/h or by disturb nutrient solution, increase blue-green algae absorb CO2Ability and quantity.By cultivating pump, nutrient solution is circulated.
（7）When occurring O in nutrient solution2And CO2Meltage it is inadequate when, injected air into nutrient solution by air compressor and air injection pipe.
（8）Medium depth is kept in blue bath incubation, when nutrient solution is reduced, nutrient solution is added at any time.
When air themperature is more than 30 DEG C, medium depth maintains 10cm or so；When air themperature is less than 20 DEG C, medium depth maintains 5cm or so.When nutrient solution is reduced in culture pond, nutrient solution is added at any time.
（9）Cultivate to after 18～20 days, the nutrient solution injection algae solution pond in culture pond salvages blue-green algae by filtration to be comprehensively utilized.Remaining nutrient solution can re-inject feed reservoir, recycle, and also can be directly discharged in rivers, lake.
The apparatus and method that embodiment 3 produces hydrogen using photosynthetic bacteria
Photosynthetic bacteria is that occur generally existing, the prokaryotes with original luminous energy synthetic system in earliest, nature on the earth, is the general name for not put the photosynthetic bacterium of oxygen under anaerobic.Photosynthetic microorganism is carried out under anaerobism illumination or aerobic dark condition as hydrogen donor and carbon source by the use of the organic matter in nature, sulfide, ammonia etc..Photosynthetic bacteria is distributed widely in nature, is distributed mainly on the anoxic zone that light can be transmitted in aquatic environment.Photosynthetic bacteria includes cyanobacteria, former green bacterium, purple bacteria, green bacteria.
Photosynthetic bacteria can purify sewage, production food coloring and single cell protein, be a kind of bacterium being of high nutritive value, and it is higher that thalline contains abundant amino acid, folic acid, especially b family vitamins, vitamin b12 and biological cellulose content, also physiological activator ubiquinone.Aquaculture training water bait and feed addictive, it may also be used for sewage purification, increase soil fertility, luminous energy manufacture hydrogen etc..Hydrogen Energy is a kind of cleaning, safe efficient, the continuable energy, is considered 21 century most potential emerging energy.
The device of hydrogen is produced using photosynthetic bacteria, its structure includes referring to Fig. 2, described device：Feed reservoir（40）, culture tank（27、37、43）, culture tube（32、39、45）, feed liquid collection tower（47）, hydrogen recovery tower（50）；The feed reservoir（40）Managed by L（34）With CO2Holding vessel（30）It is connected, CO2Holding vessel（30）It is provided with K pipes（31）；The feed reservoir（40）It is provided with agitator（41）, hopper（35）；The culture tank（27、37、43）Inside it is provided with culture tube（32、39、45）, u shaped connector（28）, lamp bracket（33）, illuminating lamp（29）, ventilation unit（52）；The feed reservoir（40）Managed by N（38）With culture tank（27）Interior culture tube（32）It is connected, two culture tubes（32）Between pass through u shaped connector（28）It is connected；The culture tank（27）Interior culture tube（32）Managed by M（36）With the culture tank（37）Interior culture tube（39）It is connected；Culture tank（37）Interior culture tube（39）Managed by P（44）With the culture tank（43）Interior culture tube（45）It is connected；Culture tank（43）Interior culture tube（45）Managed by Q（46）Tower is collected with feed liquid（47）It is connected；The feed liquid collects tower（47）Managed by S（49）With hydrogen recovery tower（50）It is connected, the feed liquid collects tower（47）By cultivating pump（54）, W pipe（55）With feed reservoir（40）It is connected.
The feed reservoir（40）For depositing the raw material of culture photosynthetic bacteria（42）；The culture tube（32）For depositing photosynthetic bacteria culture solution（Raw material and the mixed liquor of photosynthetic bacteria）, the feed liquid collection tower（47）For storing photosynthetic bacteria and nutrient solution after completing to cultivate；The hydrogen recovery tower（50）For storing the hydrogen of photosynthetic bacteria photosynthesis generation.
Using the method for photosynthetic bacteria production hydrogen, its step is：
（1）Will be enriched in the surface water of organic matter（It is primarily referred to as irrigation canals and ditches, river, lake, the water in marsh）Or industrial wastewater is filtered after sterilization, injects feed reservoir.It is preferred that industrial organic acid wastewater, food processing industry waste water, life organic wastewater, agricultural production waste water and animal farming industry waste water, both can reduce the pollution to environment by the discarded object harmless treatment of industrial or agricultural, clean energy resource supply is capable of achieving again, reduce CO2Discharge.
（2）The settled solutions such as NaOH, calcium hydroxide or lime, milk of lime are added in feed reservoir, pH value is adjusted into 6～8.
（3）The photosynthetic bacteria original seed elected is cultivated, preferred purple bacteria.Primary spawn liquid optimum pH is 7～7.5, using hot steam sterilizer, 110～120 DEG C of sterilising temp, sterilization time 10～20 minutes；It is inoculated with when 25～35 DEG C are naturally cooled to after sterilizing, nutrient solution is less than the 80% of institute's packaging container capacity, by original seed volume and nutrient solution volume than 3～5:100 are inoculated with, and keep 16-20h to complete Primary spawn under intensity of illumination 5000lux～8000lux, 25～35 DEG C of states of temperature, and nutrient solution is ceaselessly stirred or shaken during culture, and agitation speed is 150～250 revs/min.
（4）Accumulate by Primary spawn liquid and compare 1 with the nutrient solution volume of batch production:20～30, cultured Primary spawn liquid is added in feed reservoir, and stir.
（5）The nutrient solution being stirred is injected into culture tube, culture 5～50mm of pipe diameter, long 1～10m, it is attached by joint between culture tube, 2～20 culture tube horizontal parallels are arranged in 1 culture tank, can 2～10 culture tanks be chained together, by cultivate pump nutrient solution is circulated between each culture tube.Culture tube makes of transparent material, such as glass, lucite, acrylic, celluloid, transparent resin material.
（6）Nutrient solution only accounts for the 80%～90% of culture tube inner hollow body product, so as to the collection of hydrogen.During culture, Primary spawn liquid of 2～3 days supplements, each magnitude of recruitment is the 5%～10% of first time Primary spawn liquid product.
（7）The distance between light fixture and nutrient solution are adjusted, light fixture keeps the distance between 10～15cm, light fixture and light fixture to keep 1～1.5m with nutrient solution liquid level.
When air themperature is more than 25 DEG C, light fixture adopts the low temperature lightings such as 30～50 watts of fluorescent lamp, energy-saving, daily light application time 16～20 hours when natural light is sufficient, can not turn on light.When air themperature is more than 40 DEG C, the ventilation of intensified education groove surrounding is suitably sheltered from heat or light, and reduces the temperature in culture tank, and the temperature for making nutrient solution is maintained within 45 DEG C.
When air themperature is less than 20 DEG C, in order that the temperature of nutrient solution is maintained at 25～35 DEG C, using the high temperature lighting instrument such as incandescent lamp or iodine-tungsten lamp, the temperature of nutrient solution is increased by the heat of light, high temperature lighting instrument illumination can significantly improve production with photosynthetic bacteria hydrogen amount, and low temperature lighting, particularly fluorescent lighting affect little to production with photosynthetic bacteria hydrogen amount.
The brightness of hydrogen production with photosynthetic bacteria optimum is 6000lux～8000lux, cultivates 1～10m/h of flow velocity, cultivates overpressure 0.9 × 105Pa～1.0 × 105Pa。
（8）Collect hydrogen in incubation in good time, when cultivating 6～7 days, production with photosynthetic bacteria hydrogen amount reaches peak.1～2 day after peak, tower is collected into the nutrient solution injection in culture tube, photosynthetic bacteria is separated, make food, feed, additive, industrial chemicals, fertilizer etc. and comprehensively utilized.Remaining nutrient solution can re-inject feed reservoir, recycle, and also can be directly discharged in rivers, lake.
The photo catalytic reduction CO of embodiment 42Production CH4、HCOOH、HCHO、CH3The apparatus and method of OH
Catalyst is utilized under normal temperature, lower pressure, by the effect of light by CO2Activation, produces CO and CH4（Methane）、HCOOH（Formic acid）、HCHO（Formaldehyde）、CH3OH（Methyl alcohol）Deng hydrocarbons, CO in air can not only be eliminated as the energy and industrial chemicals2, problem of environmental pollution can also be reduced.
Photo catalytic reduction CO2Production CH4、HCOOH、HCHO、CH3The device of OH, its structure includes referring to Fig. 3, described device：Methane recovery tank（58）, gas storage tank（60）, reaction tube（61）, alkali storage tank（78）, liquid material recycling can（80）；The gas storage tank（60）Managed by d（67）, air pump（66）, X-tube（56）With reaction tube（61）It is connected；The methane recovery tank（58）Managed by Y（57）, air pump（64）, a pipe（63）With reaction tube（61）It is connected；The alkali storage tank（78）Managed by h（83）, lye pump（84）, e pipe（68）With reaction tube（61）It is connected；The feed liquid recycling can（80）, feed pump（81）, g pipe（82）With reaction tube（61）It is connected.
The gas storage tank（60）It is provided with the Z pipes for air inlet（59）；The methane recovery tank（58）It is provided with the b pipes of discharge methane（65）；The reaction tube（61）It is provided with stirring motor（62）, detect hole（71）；Stirring motor（62）By puddler（69）With stirring vane（72）It is connected；The reaction tube（61）Simultaneously it is provided with reflector（73）, both sides are provided with support（75）；Support（75）On set fan（70）, high temperature lamps（74）, reflector（73）By swivel mount（76）With reflector base（77）It is connected；The alkali storage tank（78）If for the f pipes that alkali lye is entered（79）；The liquid material recycling can（80）It is provided with the j pipes for liquid material discharge（85）.
Photo catalytic reduction CO2Production CH4、HCOOH、HCHO、CH3The method of OH, its step is：
（1）It is after the clarification of 0.5～1.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solutions, in injection alkali storage tank by molar concentration.
（2）NaOH clarified solution is injected by reaction tube by lye pump, while adding CoPc/TiO2Catalyst, CoPc/TiO2Catalyst is 0.1～0.2% with sodium hydroxide solution mass ratio；Na can be added in sodium hydroxide solution to improve methanol output2SO3, Na2SO3It is 0.1～0.2mol/L with sodium hydroxide solution molar concentration in reaction tube.
Sodium hydroxide solution in injection reaction tube is accounted for empty 1/3～1/2 in reaction tube；Reaction tube is made using transparent material, preferably selects quartz glass.Glass reaction 10～100mm of pipe diameter, long 0.5～5m, 2～10 reaction tubes series windings or and can connect together.
（3）0.2～0.3h of air pump is opened by CO in gas storage tank2In injection reaction tube, CO in reaction tube is made2Gas reaches and stop after saturation state aerating；After ventilation stops, reaction tube starts under light illumination stirring motor, stirs 10～15h；50～100 revs/min of mixing speed.
In the case where there is sunshine, mobile reflector base adjusts angle of reflector by swivel mount, assembles sunshine to increase sodium hydroxide solution temperature；Without the sun or indoors, sodium hydroxide solution temperature is increased by high temperature lamps illumination；High temperature lamps can be iodine-tungsten lamp, halogen tungsten lamp, quartz lamp, xenon lamp etc., it is proposed that using the 10～50cm of distance, the 50～100cm of distance of the lamp of reaction tube the same side two of the iodine-tungsten lamp of 100～1000W, lamp and reaction tube；
By checking hole measurement sodium hydroxide solution temperature, optimum temperature is 200～300 DEG C, and high temperature lamps illuminating lamp or adjustment reaction plate angle are closed when temperature is more than 300 DEG C, and when temperature is more than 420 DEG C fan is started, and by ventilation sodium hydroxide solution temperature is reduced.
（4）The methane that light-catalyzed reaction is generated is transported to methane recovery tank by air pump, is burnt after purification or industrial chemicals.
After 10～15h of light-catalyzed reaction, by remaining sodium hydroxide solution and newly-generated HCOOH, HCHO, CH3OH etc. is reclaimed by feed liquid and is pumped into feed liquid recycling can, isolates HCOOH, HCHO, CH3OH, is comprehensively utilized after purification, and after remaining sodium hydroxide solution, catalyst and impurity treatment, the carrying out that can be utilized reuses, it is impossible to which reaching for utilizing discharge after contaminant water discharge standard.
CO in the method Gas regulation that embodiment 5 passes through envelope carbon2Concentration
Since the industrial revolution, due to the use of fossil fuel, substantial amounts of CO is discharged in air2Isothermal chamber gas, causes serious greenhouse effects.Lei Xuejun was in 2015《Agriculture project》5th interim points out：By using carbon, application envelope carbon, shaping envelope carbon and landfill envelope carbon is sealed up for safekeeping, CO is controlled2Discharge capacity：
As CO in air2Plant, using the method for " using envelope carbon ", is processed into construction material, furniture, farm implements, apparatus, industrial goods by concentration in 275～390ppm, is CO in a kind of restriction atmospheric thermodynamics2The elevated braking measure of concentration；
As CO in atmospheric thermodynamics2When concentration is 350～400ppm, using the method for " application envelope carbon ", by plant substitute fossil energy, industrial chemicals, for papermaking, do feed and organic fertilizer etc., be a kind of to limit CO in atmospheric thermodynamics2The elevated braking measure of concentration；
As CO in atmospheric thermodynamics2When concentration is 400～450ppm, using the method for " shaping envelope carbon ", plant is shaped and density plant carbon products are sealed up for safekeeping, as CO in air2Concentration is stablized（Plant carbon products reach the time limit of envelope carbon requirement storage）Afterwards, then it is processed into construction material, feed, organic fertilizer, for papermaking or substitutes fossil energy, industrial chemicals, carry out deep processing, comprehensive utilization, allow it fully to discharge value, is CO in a kind of restriction atmospheric thermodynamics2The elevated control device of concentration；
As CO in atmospheric thermodynamics2When concentration reaches more than 450ppm, using the method for " landfill envelope carbon ", plant is filled, as CO in air2Concentration is stablized（Complete the time limit for sealing carbon requirement storage）Afterwards, further take out to be used as biomass fertilizers, methane purification is collected during landfill and is used as combustion vapour or for generating electricity, be that one kind limits CO in atmospheric thermodynamics2The elevated control device of concentration.
Lei Xuejun was in 2015《Agriculture project》5th interim also indicates that：Estimate according to IPCC, since 1750, the total carbon emissions amount of mankind's activity, 30% by ocean uptake, and 25% is absorbed by terrestrial life circle, and 45% is detained in an atmosphere.By global atmosphere gas concentration lwevel be reduced to before the industrial revolution 0.0275%, 972,500,000,000 tons of carbon dioxide in air need to be reduced, 666,100,000,000 tons of plant carbon products need to be sealed up for safekeeping；Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is reduced into the 0.0356% of nineteen ninety, 342,300,000,000 tons of carbon dioxide in air need to be reduced, 234,500,000,000 tons of plant carbon products need to be sealed up for safekeeping；Current atmospheric gas concentration lwevel 0.04% is maintained, 16,200,000,000 tons of carbon dioxide in air need to be reduced every year；11,100,000,000 tons/year of plant carbon products need to be sealed up for safekeeping.
The method that nature photosynthate was directly collected and sealed up for safekeeping to embodiment 6
The earth can produce about 175,000,000,000 tons of biomass by photosynthesis of plant every year（125,000,000,000 tons of land plant, 50,000,000,000 tons of sea-plant）, it can absorb 2852.5 hundred million tons of CO in air2；10 times equivalent to current world's total energy consumption of the biomass total energy that annual photosynthesis is produced.IPCC points out, combustion of fossil fuel and land use change survey are the main CO that mankind's activity is caused2Emission source, CO2The 45% of total emission volumn is trapped in atmospheric thermodynamics, and remaining is absorbed by ocean and the main carbon storehouse of terrestrial ecosystems two, and wherein marine ecosystems absorb 30%, and terrestrial ecosystems absorb 25%.If annual collection seals 99.38 hundred million tons of biomass up for safekeeping（Take up an area the 3.48% of the annual biomass total output of ball）, it can absorb 16,200,000,000 tons of CO in air2, you can realize global zero carbon emission（The amount of sealing up for safekeeping can suitably be increased, the discharge of the carbon and carbon equivalent material that occur during sealing up for safekeeping with counteracting）.Key is that the mankind there is presently no such general knowledge.
Tellurian autophyte about assimilates every year 2x10llT carbons, wherein 40% is assimilated by phytoplankton, remaining 60% is assimilated by terrestrial plant.Directly collect, seal the biomass that annual photosynthesis is produced up for safekeeping, it is to avoid natural decomposition is into CO2、CH4It is to realize one of the important channel of carbon source with carbon remittance in dynamic equilibrium in atmospheric thermodynamics in reentry, is a kind of simplest method for controlling Global climate change.Terrestrial plant is widely distributed on the earth, every year substantial amounts of dry branches and fallen leaves and agriculture and forestry by-product are all produced, this Activities of Some Plants is collected, stored after machine-shaping or filled, huge carbon can be formed to converge, for offsetting the CO that combustion of fossil fuel is discharged in air2Isothermal chamber gas, adjusts greenhouse effects, controls Global climate change.
Embodiment 7 excavates the method that desert carbon converges
Increase desert carbon remittance refers to the basic soil band in desert marginal zone, using desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching engineering is irrigated, increases desert saline groundwater layer content, increases CO2Storage capacity.Its concrete grammar is：
（1）In the basic soil or the basic soil of oasis fringe area of desert marginal zone, selection abundant water, level of ground water are low, evaporation capacity is little, temperature higher season.
（2）With reference to soil tilth, irrigated or water drenching, every cubic metre of soil 80～100m of water drenching3；According to soil salt content, repeat 2～3 times, irrigate twice or water drenching interval time is 7～10 days.Water dissolves, absorption CO2Into water table, enter below desert with underground water, form desert carbon and converge.
The methane collection of embodiment 8, the method for conversion
Methane（CH4）, it is a colorless and odorless gas under standard state, CH in an atmosphere4Concentration is relatively low, is generally collected in emission sources such as mine, culvert, tunnel, landfill yard and septic tanks, then is converted and utilized.
Methane collection, the device of conversion, its structure includes referring to Fig. 4, described device：Collection air pump（88）, activated carbon adsorber（90）, drying tower（91）, booster pump（93）, Molecular Adsorption tower（95）, fixed bed reactors（97）, rectifying column（101）；The collection air pump（88）With n pipes（87）It is connected；The collection air pump（88）Managed by m（89）With activated carbon adsorber（90）It is connected；The activated carbon adsorber（90）Managed by v（100）With drying tower（91）It is connected；The drying tower（91）Managed by p（92）, booster pump（93）, q pipe（94）With Molecular Adsorption tower（95）It is connected；The Molecular Adsorption tower（95）Managed by r（96）With fixed bed reactors（97）It is connected；The fixed bed reactors（97）Managed by u（99）With rectifying column（101）It is connected；The fixed bed reactors（97）It is provided with the t pipes entered for water vapour（98）；The rectifying column（101）It is provided with the x pipes of discharge methyl alcohol（102）, discharge hydrogen y pipe（103）.
Methane collection, the method for conversion, its step is：
（1）The relatively low CH of concentration is collected using downward air-discharging method or drainage4, in injection activated carbon adsorber H is removed2S。
（2）CH Jing after charcoal absorption4In gas injection drying tower, silica dehydrator is used at 20～30 DEG C, remove H2O。
（4）Adsorption tower is injected after dried unstrpped gas removing dust, is adsorbed under 25～30 DEG C of temperature, 0.3～0.5MPa of pressure and enter after 2h desorption stage；Pressure release 5min is first carried out before desorption, 5min is pressed after pressure near atmospheric normal pressure, then vacuumize 1.5h, pressure presses 10min when reaching lkPa, that is, complete desorption process, obtains the CH of purity more than 99%4Gas.
（5）By the CH of purification4In gas injection fixed bed reactors, 120～150 DEG C of water vapour is passed through, in supported coupled semiconductor MoO3-TiO2/SiO2In the presence of generate methyl alcohol and H2。
（6）Jing rectifying columns remove the impurity such as dimethyl ether, ethanol, higher alcohols, acetone, water, obtain high purity methanol and hydrogen, as industrial chemicals and clean fuel, are widely used in the fields such as organic synthesis, medicine, agricultural chemicals, coating, dyestuff, automobile and national defence.
The method that the hydrofluorocarbons of embodiment 9 are collected, converted, utilizing
Hydrofluorocarbons（HFCS）Due to not containing chlorine and fluorine, it is used as CFCSAnd HCFCSSubstitute, heat potentiality with higher.China and the United States announce within 2013, reduce and phased out use HFC.HFCs gases easily cause environmental pollution, are generally recycled before releasing.Lei Xuejun was in 2015《Chinese energy》5th is interim by taking freon as an example, is collected, converts and utilizes, and its method is：
（1）Collect freon waste gas（Or the freon of liquid）, with filter screen waste gas is removed（Or the freon of liquid）In the impurity such as dust.
（2）It is slowly added in activated carbon adsorber within 0～40 DEG C of temperature after filtering, after activated carbon adsorptive capacity reaches saturation, stops adding Freon gas.It is passed through steam, 100～300 DEG C of 0.1～8MPa of control pressure, temperature, the freon of activity eluted charcoal absorption.
（4）The solvent being desorbed out and water vapour are condensed Jing after decompression into condenser, and temperature control is at 30～35 DEG C.
（5）Solvent after cooling is sent into rectifying column, and low-boiling point material is removed in separation, obtains freon finished product.
Claims (13)
1. CO in atmospheric thermodynamics2And CO2The method of equivalent substance balance, the approach that the method includes：
（1）Fuel efficiency, energy saving are improved by scientific and technical innovation, scrap build, carbon emission is reduced；
（2）Rationally using water body and soil, water body is promoted to convert with soil from " carbon source " to " carbon remittance "；
（3）By planting, cradling, process, storing fast-growing carbon remittance grass, increase plant carbon and converge；
（4）Using photosynthetic industrialization technology, CO in atmospheric thermodynamics is improved2It is transformed into the speed of Organic Compounds；
（5）Change carbon cycle cycle, control photosynthate decomposition rate and decomposition amount；
（6）Increase carbon remittance product category, adjustment carbon remittance product quantity；
（7）Excavate desert carbon mitigation potential；
（8）Collect, conversion, using CO in atmospheric thermodynamics2Equivalent substance, reduces atmospheric thermodynamics percent of greenhouse gases content.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein it is, by raising efficiency of combustion, to improve heat output conversion rate that fuel efficiency is improved described in approach (1), carbon emission is reduced, reduces energy usage amount.
3. method according to claim 1, is by minimal tilling or no-tillage, reducing the release of soil organic matter wherein rationally using water body and soil described in approach (2)；By different types of plant crop rotation, increase soil organic carbon；The carbon remittance amount in farmland is directly increased by application of organic fertilizers；The control environment that organic carbon is preserved is created by water management；Increase soil carbon sink by conceding the land to forestry, going back grass and water and soil conservation；By the cultivation of aquatic products, fish for, increase water body carbon and converge.
4. method according to claim 1, increase plant carbon wherein described in approach (3) to converge, it is, using the soil Planting Fast-growing carbon remittance grass for being not suitable for crop cultivation, by repeatedly cradling substantial amounts of biomass to be obtained, is processed into carbon remittance product and is stored.
5. method according to claim 1, wherein the photosynthetic industrialization technology described in approach (4) include industrialized production blue-green algae, using photosynthetic bacteria production hydrogen, photo catalytic reduction CO2Production CH4、HCOOH、HCHO、CH3OH。
6. method according to claim 1, the change carbon cycle cycle is using agriculture and forestry by-product production furniture, wall body building material, insulation material wherein described in approach (5), plant is processed into product to be comprehensively utilized, slows down the speed of photosynthate decomposition and the quantity of decomposition.
7. method according to claim 1, wherein the carbon described in approach (6) converges the carbon that product category includes that plant shaping is sealed up for safekeeping and converges product, plant and fill the carbon to be formed and converge the carbon formed during product, comprehensive plant are utilized and converge product；Forming the plant of carbon remittance product includes the plant of the plant and artificial growth directly collected from nature.
8. method according to claim 1, wherein it is to implement to irrigate desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching engineering in alkali deserts that desert carbon mitigation potential is excavated described in approach (7), by increasing desert saline groundwater layer content, increases CO2Storage capacity.
9. method according to claim 1, is by collecting CO wherein reducing atmospheric thermodynamics percent of greenhouse gases content described in approach (8)2Equivalent substance carries out trans-utilization, reduces CO in atmospheric thermodynamics2The content of equivalent substance.
10. the device of industrialized production blue-green algae includes feed reservoir（7）, culture pond（1、14、26）, air accumulator（16）, algae solution pond（24）；The feed reservoir（7）Managed by A（6）With culture pond（1）It is connected, the culture pond（1）Managed by D（12）With culture pond（14）It is connected, the culture pond（14）Managed by G（19）With culture pond（26）It is connected；The culture pond（1、14、26）Inside it is provided with air injection pipe（5、13、18）, air injection pipe（5、13、18）Managed by E（15）With air accumulator（16）It is connected, E pipes（15）With H pipes（20）It is connected；The air accumulator（16）Managed by I（22）With air compressor（21）It is connected；The culture pond（1）Managed by C（10）, culture pump（11）, F pipe（17）With culture pond（14、26）It is connected；The algae solution pond（24）Managed by J（25）With feed reservoir（7）It is connected；The culture pond（1、14、26）Top is provided with lamp bracket（2）, lamp bracket（2）On illuminating lamp is installed（3）；The feed reservoir（7）For depositing the raw material of the blue bath of culture（8）；The culture pond（1、14、26）For depositing nutrient solution（4）Culture blue-green algae；The algae solution pond（24）For depositing algae solution（23）, the liquid after blue-green algae is salvaged, managed by J（25）Refill feed reservoir（7）It is interior；The feed reservoir（7）The interior surface water rich in organic matter is by B（9）Injection；
The method of industrialized production blue-green algae is：After will be enriched in the earth's surface water filtration sterilization of organic matter, feed reservoir is injected；Limewash is added in feed reservoir, pH value is adjusted into 7～8；The nutrient solution for modulating is injected in culture pond, makes medium depth keep 5～10cm；Wide 1～the 10m of culture pond, long 5～50m, 3～10 culture ponds are chained together, and nutrient solution is circulated between each culture pond by cultivating pump；1～5 air injection pipe is set in culture pond, often away from 0.5～1m a venthole, outlet 1～5mm of bore dia are provided with air injection pipe；The blue-green algae original seed for screening is inoculated into the algae culturing pool of 3～5cm of the depth of water, after algae kind culture 2～3 days, then the algae kind after activation is poured into culture pond；The distance between light fixture and nutrient solution are adjusted, light fixture keeps the distance between 10～15cm, light fixture and light fixture to keep 1～1.5m with nutrient solution liquid level；When air themperature is more than 20 DEG C, using 30～50 watts of fluorescent lamp lighting, daily light application time 12～15 hours；When natural light is sufficient, do not turn on light；When air themperature is more than 35 DEG C, surrounding ventilation in intensified education pond is suitably sheltered from heat or light, and reduces indoor temperature, and the temperature for making nutrient solution is maintained within 45 DEG C；When air themperature is less than 20 DEG C, in order that the temperature of nutrient solution is maintained at 20～35 DEG C, illuminated using iodine-tungsten lamp；Nutrient solution is made by culture pump to be circulated with the flow velocity of 1～10m/h；As CO in nutrient solution2When solubility is inadequate, injected air into nutrient solution by air injection pipe；When air themperature is more than 30 DEG C, medium depth maintains 10cm or so；When air themperature is less than 20 DEG C, medium depth maintains 5cm or so；When nutrient solution is reduced in culture pond, nutrient solution is added at any time；Cultivate to after 18～20 days, the nutrient solution injection algae solution pond in culture pond salvages blue-green algae by filtration to be comprehensively utilized；Remaining nutrient solution re-injects feed reservoir, recycles.
11. devices for producing hydrogen using photosynthetic bacteria include feed reservoir（40）, culture tank（27、37、43）, culture tube（32、39、45）, feed liquid collection tower（47）, hydrogen recovery tower（50）；The feed reservoir（40）Managed by L（34）With CO2Holding vessel（30）It is connected, CO2Holding vessel（30）It is provided with K pipes（31）；The feed reservoir（40）It is provided with agitator（41）, hopper（35）；The culture tank（27、37、43）Inside it is provided with culture tube（32、39、45）, u shaped connector（28）, lamp bracket（33）, illuminating lamp（29）, ventilation unit（52）；The feed reservoir（40）Managed by N（38）With culture tank（27）Interior culture tube（32）It is connected, two culture tubes（32）Between pass through u shaped connector（28）It is connected；The culture tank（27）Interior culture tube（32）Managed by M（36）With the culture tank（37）Interior culture tube（39）It is connected；Culture tank（37）Interior culture tube（39）Managed by P（44）With the culture tank（43）Interior culture tube（45）It is connected；Culture tank（43）Interior culture tube（45）Managed by Q（46）Tower is collected with feed liquid（47）It is connected；The feed liquid collects tower（47）Managed by S（49）With hydrogen recovery tower（50）It is connected, the feed liquid collects tower（47）By cultivating pump（54）, W pipe（55）With feed reservoir（40）It is connected；The feed reservoir（40）For depositing the raw material of culture photosynthetic bacteria（42）；The culture tube（32）For depositing photosynthetic bacteria culture solution；The feed liquid collects tower（47）For storing photosynthetic bacteria and nutrient solution after completing to cultivate；The hydrogen recovery tower（50）For storing the hydrogen of photosynthetic bacteria photosynthesis generation；
It is using the method for photosynthetic bacteria production hydrogen：After will be enriched in the waste water filtering sterilization of organic matter, feed reservoir is injected；Limewash is added in feed reservoir, pH value is adjusted into 6～8；Purple bacteria original seed is cultivated；Primary spawn liquid pH value is 7～7.5, using hot steam sterilizer, 110～120 DEG C of sterilising temp, sterilization time 10～20 minutes；It is inoculated with when 25～35 DEG C are naturally cooled to after sterilizing, nutrient solution is less than the 80% of institute's packaging container capacity, by original seed volume and nutrient solution volume than 3～5:100 are inoculated with, and keep 16-20h to complete Primary spawn under intensity of illumination 5000lux～8000lux, 25～35 DEG C of states of temperature, are stirred during culture and ceaselessly, and agitation speed is 150～250 revs/min；Accumulate by Primary spawn liquid and compare 1 with the nutrient solution volume of batch production:20～30, cultured Primary spawn liquid is added in feed reservoir, and stir；The nutrient solution being stirred is injected into culture tube, culture 5～50mm of pipe diameter, long 1～10m, it is attached by joint between culture tube, 2～20 culture tube horizontal parallels are arranged in 1 culture tank, 2～10 culture tanks are chained together, and nutrient solution is circulated between each culture tube by cultivating pump；Nutrient solution only accounts for the 80%～90% of culture tube inner hollow body product, so as to the collection of hydrogen；During culture, Primary spawn liquid of 2～3 days supplements, each magnitude of recruitment is the 5%～10% of first time Primary spawn liquid product；The distance between light fixture and nutrient solution are adjusted, light fixture keeps the distance between 10～15cm, light fixture and light fixture to keep 1～1.5m with nutrient solution liquid level；When air themperature is more than 25 DEG C, using 30～50 watts of fluorescent lamp lighting, daily light application time 16～20 hours, when natural light is sufficient, can not turn on light；When air themperature is more than 40 DEG C, the ventilation of intensified education groove surrounding is suitably sheltered from heat or light, and reduces the temperature in culture tank, and the temperature for making nutrient solution is maintained within 45 DEG C；When air themperature is less than 20 DEG C, in order that the temperature of nutrient solution is maintained at 25～35 DEG C, illuminated using iodine-tungsten lamp；Brightness is 6000lux～8000lux, cultivates 1～10m/h of flow velocity, cultivates overpressure 0.9 × 105Pa～1.0 × 105Pa；Collect hydrogen in incubation at any time, when cultivating 6～7 days, production with photosynthetic bacteria hydrogen amount reaches peak；1～2 day after high peak-to-peak, tower is collected into the nutrient solution injection in culture tube, photosynthetic bacteria is separated and is comprehensively utilized；Remaining nutrient solution re-injects feed reservoir, recycles.
12. photo catalytic reduction CO2Production CH4、HCOOH、HCHO、CH3The device of OH includes methane recovery tank（58）, gas storage tank（60）, reaction tube（61）, alkali storage tank（78）, liquid material recycling can（80）；The gas storage tank（60）Managed by d（67）, air pump（66）, X-tube（56）With reaction tube（61）It is connected；The methane recovery tank（58）Managed by Y（57）, air pump（64）, a pipe（63）With reaction tube（61）It is connected；The alkali storage tank（78）Managed by h（83）, lye pump（84）, e pipe（68）With reaction tube（61）It is connected；The feed liquid recycling can（80）, feed pump（81）, g pipe（82）With reaction tube（61）It is connected；The gas storage tank（60）It is provided with the Z pipes for air inlet（59）；The methane recovery tank（58）It is provided with the b pipes of discharge methane（65）；The reaction tube（61）It is provided with stirring motor（62）, detect hole（71）；Stirring motor（62）By puddler（69）With stirring vane（72）It is connected；The reaction tube（61）Simultaneously it is provided with reflector（73）, both sides are provided with support（75）；Support（75）On set fan（70）, high temperature lamps（74）, reflector（73）By swivel mount（76）With reflector base（77）It is connected；The alkali storage tank（78）If for the f pipes that alkali lye is entered（79）；The liquid material recycling can（80）It is provided with the j pipes for liquid material discharge（85）；
Photo catalytic reduction CO2Production CH4、HCOOH、HCHO、CH3The method of OH is：It is after the clarification of 0.5～1.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solutions, in injection alkali storage tank by molar concentration；NaOH clarified solution is injected by reaction tube by lye pump, while adding CoPc/TiO2Catalyst, CoPc/TiO2Catalyst is 0.1～0.2% with sodium hydroxide solution mass ratio；Na is added in sodium hydroxide solution2SO3, Na2SO3It is 0.1～0.2mol/L with sodium hydroxide solution molar concentration in reaction tube；Sodium hydroxide solution in injection reaction tube is accounted for empty 1/3～1/2 in reaction tube；Reaction tube adopts quartz glass；10～100mm of reaction tube diameter, long 0.5～5m, 2～10 reaction tubes simultaneously connect together；0.2～0.3h of air pump is opened by CO in gas storage tank2In injection reaction tube, CO in reaction tube is made2Gas reaches and stop after saturation state aerating；After ventilation stops, reaction tube starts under light illumination stirring motor, stirs 10～15h；50～100 revs/min of mixing speed；In the case where there is sunshine, mobile reflector base adjusts angle of reflector by swivel mount, assembles sunshine to increase sodium hydroxide solution temperature；In the case of without the sun, sodium hydroxide solution temperature is increased by the iodine-tungsten lamp illumination of 100～1000W；10～the 50cm of distance, the 50～100cm of distance of the lamp of reaction tube the same side two of lamp and reaction tube；High temperature illuminating lamp is closed when temperature is more than 300 DEG C, fan is started when temperature is more than 420 DEG C by checking hole measurement sodium hydroxide solution temperature, 200～300 DEG C of temperature, ventilation reduces sodium hydroxide solution temperature；The methane that light-catalyzed reaction is generated is transported to methane recovery tank by air pump, burns after purification, makees industrial chemicals；After 10～15h of light-catalyzed reaction, by remaining sodium hydroxide solution and newly-generated HCOOH, HCHO, CH3OH is reclaimed by feed liquid and is pumped into feed liquid recycling can, isolates HCOOH, HCHO, CH3OH, is comprehensively utilized after purification, is reused after remaining sodium hydroxide solution, catalyst, impurity treatment.
13. methane collections, the device of conversion include collection air pump（88）, activated carbon adsorber（90）, drying tower（91）, booster pump（93）, Molecular Adsorption tower（95）, fixed bed reactors（97）, rectifying column（101）；The collection air pump（88）With n pipes（87）It is connected；The collection air pump（88）Managed by m（89）With activated carbon adsorber（90）It is connected；The activated carbon adsorber（90）Managed by v（100）With drying tower（91）It is connected；The drying tower（91）Managed by p（92）, booster pump（93）, q pipe（94）With Molecular Adsorption tower（95）It is connected；The Molecular Adsorption tower（95）Managed by r（96）With fixed bed reactors（97）It is connected；The fixed bed reactors（97）Managed by u（99）With rectifying column（101）It is connected；The fixed bed reactors（97）It is provided with the t pipes entered for water vapour（98）；The rectifying column（101）It is provided with the x pipes of discharge methyl alcohol（102）, discharge hydrogen y pipe（103）；
Methane collection, the method for conversion are：CH is collected using drainage4, in injection activated carbon adsorber H is removed2S；CH Jing after charcoal absorption4In gas injection drying tower, silica dehydrator is used at 20～30 DEG C, remove H2O；Adsorption tower is injected after dried unstrpped gas removing dust, is adsorbed under 25～30 DEG C of temperature, 0.3～0.5MPa of pressure and enter after 2h desorption stage；Pressure release 5min is first carried out before desorption, 5min is pressed after pressure near atmospheric normal pressure, then vacuumize 1.5h, pressure is pressed 10min to complete desorption process, obtains the CH of purity more than 99% when reaching lkPa4Gas；By the CH of purification4In gas injection fixed bed reactors, 120～150 DEG C of water vapour is passed through, in supported coupled semiconductor MoO3-TiO2/SiO2In the presence of generate methyl alcohol and H2；Jing rectifying columns remove impurity, obtain high purity methanol, hydrogen.
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