CN106665664A - 一种长效安全蝇类诱杀剂的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种长效安全蝇类诱杀剂的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106665664A
CN106665664A CN201611135254.XA CN201611135254A CN106665664A CN 106665664 A CN106665664 A CN 106665664A CN 201611135254 A CN201611135254 A CN 201611135254A CN 106665664 A CN106665664 A CN 106665664A
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汪逸凡
孟浩然
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种长效安全蝇类诱杀剂的制备方法，属于蝇类诱杀剂制备技术领域。本发明首先将鲢鱼头进行高压蒸煮，再将鱼头软化，然后与鱼鳃等共同发酵，利用鱼的腥味以及糖醋的甜味来引诱蝇类，再将猪笼草的叶笼与除虫菊花序进行醇提，叶笼中的粘性液体具有极强的甜味，可引诱蝇类采食，再用黄原胶等粘液将其禁锢，使其无法飞翔，叶笼中的有机酸与除虫菊花序中的除虫菊可将蝇类快速杀死，最后再与助剂等混合即可得到长效安全蝇类诱杀剂，本发明制备的蝇类诱杀剂不仅能使蝇类接触诱杀剂后无法飞翔、活动，还能快速有效的杀灭蝇类，而且诱杀剂中不含挥发性成分，安全无毒，不会对食品及人体产生影响，对环境无害，药效持续时间长，可达15～20天。

Description

一种长效安全蝇类诱杀剂的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种长效安全蝇类诱杀剂的制备方法，属于蝇类诱杀剂制备技术领域。
背景技术
蝇类是重要的媒介生物，可机械性传播痢疾、伤寒、霍乱、结核、沙眼、脊髓灰质炎、肝炎和寄生虫病等多种疾病或污染人类食物，造成视觉污染，威胁人类健康，干扰人类生活。蝇类的防治不但是预防医学的重要内容，也是建设文明卫生城镇的重要内容，为发展旅游事业、创造良好的投资环境、吸引外资所必需。目前，对蝇类的控制基本以化学防治为主，但蝇类的化学防治存在以下问题：（1）由于蝇类多生活于人类聚居区及周围环境中，与人的活动区多有重叠，防治过程中造成的食品污染及人体中毒事件屡有发生；（2）化学防治过程中，会造成杀虫剂大量释放到外界环境中，造成环境污染；（3）蝇类已对许多农药产生抗性，造成越防越难防，越杀越难杀的恶果。因此，如何对蝇类进行“无害化控制”已成为当今亟待解决的重要科学问题，需要探索用药量少、持效期长、生态安全的蝇类控制方法。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题：针对目前蝇类的防治中存在易造成食品污染、人体中毒、污染环境，且难以长期、有效的杀灭蝇类的问题，提供了一种鲢鱼头与糖、醋共同发酵作引诱剂，猪笼草、除虫菊的提取物复配柠檬酸作杀蝇成分来制备长效安全蝇类诱杀剂的方法，本发明首先将鲢鱼头进行高压蒸煮，再将鱼头用酸软化，然后与鱼鳃、糖、醋共同发酵，利用鱼的腥味以及糖醋的甜味来引诱蝇类，再将猪笼草的叶笼与除虫菊花序进行醇提，叶笼中的粘性液体具有极强的甜味，可引诱蝇类采食，再用黄原胶等粘液将其禁锢，使其无法飞翔，叶笼中的有机酸与除虫菊花序中的除虫菊可将蝇类快速杀死，最后再与助剂等混合即可得到长效安全蝇类诱杀剂，本发明制备的蝇类诱杀剂不仅能使蝇类接触诱杀剂后无法飞翔、活动，还能快速有效的杀灭蝇类，而且诱杀剂中不含挥发性成分，安全无毒，不会对食品及人体产生影响，对环境无害，药效持续时间长，可达15～20天。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：
（1）称取300～400g新鲜的鲢鱼头，人工去鳃，并收集鱼鳃，将去鳃的鲢鱼头用水清洗3～4次后，放置于高压锅中，再加入2～3L水和1～2g姜片，加热熬煮20～30min，熬煮结束，静待10～15min后放气使锅内压力降至常压，再将鱼头取出，并收集鱼汤；
（2）将上述鱼头加入到烧杯中，再加入质量分数为15%柠檬酸溶液将其浸没，浸泡25～30min后，将酸化后的鱼头取出，并与上述鱼鳃一同置于绞肉机中绞碎3～5min，收集鱼肉沫，将鱼肉沫、白砂糖与醋按质量比3:2:1～4:2:1混合后，置于烧杯中，再加入混合物质量80%的鱼汤，搅拌混合3～5min后，用塑料薄膜密封烧杯，并将烧杯置于恒温培养箱中内，控制培养箱内温度为35～45℃，发酵3～4天，发酵结束，收集发酵物，备用；
（3）取200～300g猪笼草的叶笼和300～400g除虫菊花序，并置于研钵中研磨10～15min，将研钵中的物料置于烧杯中，再加入600～700mL无水乙醇，搅拌混合3～5min后，置于超声波振荡仪中，在40～50℃、45～50KHz下超声提取1～2h，提取结束，将提取液过滤，收集滤液，并进行喷雾干燥，收集干燥物；
（4）按重量份数计，称取30～40份步骤（2）备用的发酵物、50～60份上述干燥物、0.3～0.5份对二甲氨基苯甲酸异辛酯、0.1～0.3份月桂氮酮、3～5份水杨酸和6～8份黄原胶，加入到反应釜中，在50～60℃下搅拌反应40～50min，反应结束，出料，并将物料置于真空冷冻干燥机中冻干后，球磨20～30min，即可得到长效安全蝇类诱杀剂。
本发明的应用方法：将本发明制备的蝇类诱杀剂与水按质量比为1:5～1:8混合均匀后，放置于碟子中，放置量为每碟150～200g，控制每100m2设置1～2个引诱点，将碟子置于蝇类孳生的室内环境中，并且关闭门窗即可。经检测，3h后，室内蝇类死亡率达到总数的90～92%，未死亡的蝇类附着在碟子周围，不飞翔、不活动，24h后，蝇类全部死亡，药效持续15～20天，且不会对人体产生不良影响，及其安全。
本发明与其他方法相比，有益技术效果是：
（1）本发明制备的蝇类诱杀剂不仅能使蝇类接触诱杀剂后无法飞翔、活动，还能快速有效的杀灭蝇类；
（2）本发明制备的蝇类诱杀剂中不含挥发性成分，安全无毒，不会对食品及人体产生影响，对环境无害，药效持续时间长，可达15～20天。
具体实施方式
首先称取300～400g新鲜的鲢鱼头，人工去鳃，并收集鱼鳃，将去鳃的鲢鱼头用水清洗3～4次后，放置于高压锅中，再加入2～3L水和1～2g姜片，加热熬煮20～30min，熬煮结束，静待10～15min后放气使锅内压力降至常压，再将鱼头取出，并收集鱼汤；然后将上述鱼头加入到烧杯中，再加入质量分数为15%柠檬酸溶液将其浸没，浸泡25～30min后，将酸化后的鱼头取出，并与上述鱼鳃一同置于绞肉机中绞碎3～5min，收集鱼肉沫，将鱼肉沫、白砂糖与醋按质量比3:2:1～4:2:1混合后，置于烧杯中，再加入混合物质量80%的鱼汤，搅拌混合3～5min后，用塑料薄膜密封烧杯，并将烧杯置于恒温培养箱中内，控制培养箱内温度为35～45℃，发酵3～4天，发酵结束，收集发酵物，备用；再取200～300g猪笼草的叶笼和300～400g除虫菊花序，并置于研钵中研磨10～15min，将研钵中的物料置于烧杯中，再加入600～700mL无水乙醇，搅拌混合3～5min后，置于超声波振荡仪中，在40～50℃、45～50KHz下超声提取1～2h，提取结束，将提取液过滤，收集滤液，并进行喷雾干燥，收集干燥物；最后按重量份数计，称取30～40份备用的发酵物、50～60份上述干燥物、0.3～0.5份对二甲氨基苯甲酸异辛酯、0.1～0.3份月桂氮酮、3～5份水杨酸和6～8份黄原胶，加入到反应釜中，在50～60℃下搅拌反应40～50min，反应结束，出料，并将物料置于真空冷冻干燥机中冻干后，球磨20～30min，即可得到长效安全蝇类诱杀剂。
实例1
首先称取300g新鲜的鲢鱼头，人工去鳃，并收集鱼鳃，将去鳃的鲢鱼头用水清洗3次后，放置于高压锅中，再加入2L水和1g姜片，加热熬煮20min，熬煮结束，静待10min后放气使锅内压力降至常压，再将鱼头取出，并收集鱼汤；然后将上述鱼头加入到烧杯中，再加入质量分数为15%柠檬酸溶液将其浸没，浸泡25min后，将酸化后的鱼头取出，并与上述鱼鳃一同置于绞肉机中绞碎3min，收集鱼肉沫，将鱼肉沫、白砂糖与醋按质量比3:2:1混合后，置于烧杯中，再加入混合物质量80%的鱼汤，搅拌混合3min后，用塑料薄膜密封烧杯，并将烧杯置于恒温培养箱中内，控制培养箱内温度为35℃，发酵3天，发酵结束，收集发酵物，备用；再取200g猪笼草的叶笼和300g除虫菊花序，并置于研钵中研磨10min，将研钵中的物料置于烧杯中，再加入600mL无水乙醇，搅拌混合3min后，置于超声波振荡仪中，在40℃、45KHz下超声提取1h，提取结束，将提取液过滤，收集滤液，并进行喷雾干燥，收集干燥物；最后按重量份数计，称取30份备用的发酵物、50份上述干燥物、0.3份对二甲氨基苯甲酸异辛酯、0.1份月桂氮酮、3份水杨酸和6份黄原胶，加入到反应釜中，在50℃下搅拌反应40min，反应结束，出料，并将物料置于真空冷冻干燥机中冻干后，球磨20min，即可得到长效安全蝇类诱杀剂。
将本发明制备的蝇类诱杀剂与水按质量比为1:5混合均匀后，放置于碟子中，放置量为每碟150g，控制每100m2设置1个引诱点，将碟子置于蝇类孳生的室内环境中，并且关闭门窗即可。经检测，3h后，室内蝇类死亡率达到总数的90%，未死亡的蝇类附着在碟子周围，不飞翔、不活动，24h后，蝇类全部死亡，药效持续15天，且不会对人体产生不良影响，及其安全。
实例2
首先称取350g新鲜的鲢鱼头，人工去鳃，并收集鱼鳃，将去鳃的鲢鱼头用水清洗3次后，放置于高压锅中，再加入2L水和2g姜片，加热熬煮25min，熬煮结束，静待13min后放气使锅内压力降至常压，再将鱼头取出，并收集鱼汤；然后将上述鱼头加入到烧杯中，再加入质量分数为15%柠檬酸溶液将其浸没，浸泡28min后，将酸化后的鱼头取出，并与上述鱼鳃一同置于绞肉机中绞碎4min，收集鱼肉沫，将鱼肉沫、白砂糖与醋按质量比4:2:1混合后，置于烧杯中，再加入混合物质量80%的鱼汤，搅拌混合4min后，用塑料薄膜密封烧杯，并将烧杯置于恒温培养箱中内，控制培养箱内温度为40℃，发酵3天，发酵结束，收集发酵物，备用；再取260g猪笼草的叶笼和350g除虫菊花序，并置于研钵中研磨13min，将研钵中的物料置于烧杯中，再加入650mL无水乙醇，搅拌混合4min后，置于超声波振荡仪中，在45℃、48KHz下超声提取2h，提取结束，将提取液过滤，收集滤液，并进行喷雾干燥，收集干燥物；最后按重量份数计，称取35份备用的发酵物、55份上述干燥物、0.4份对二甲氨基苯甲酸异辛酯、0.2份月桂氮酮、4份水杨酸和7份黄原胶，加入到反应釜中，在55℃下搅拌反应45min，反应结束，出料，并将物料置于真空冷冻干燥机中冻干后，球磨25min，即可得到长效安全蝇类诱杀剂。
将本发明制备的蝇类诱杀剂与水按质量比为1:6混合均匀后，放置于碟子中，放置量为每碟175g，控制每100m2设置1个引诱点，将碟子置于蝇类孳生的室内环境中，并且关闭门窗即可。经检测，3h后，室内蝇类死亡率达到总数的91%，未死亡的蝇类附着在碟子周围，不飞翔、不活动，24h后，蝇类全部死亡，药效持续18天，且不会对人体产生不良影响，及其安全。
实例3
首先称取400g新鲜的鲢鱼头，人工去鳃，并收集鱼鳃，将去鳃的鲢鱼头用水清洗4次后，放置于高压锅中，再加入3L水和2g姜片，加热熬煮30min，熬煮结束，静待15min后放气使锅内压力降至常压，再将鱼头取出，并收集鱼汤；然后将上述鱼头加入到烧杯中，再加入质量分数为15%柠檬酸溶液将其浸没，浸泡30min后，将酸化后的鱼头取出，并与上述鱼鳃一同置于绞肉机中绞碎5min，收集鱼肉沫，将鱼肉沫、白砂糖与醋按质量比4:2:1混合后，置于烧杯中，再加入混合物质量80%的鱼汤，搅拌混合5min后，用塑料薄膜密封烧杯，并将烧杯置于恒温培养箱中内，控制培养箱内温度为45℃，发酵4天，发酵结束，收集发酵物，备用；再取300g猪笼草的叶笼和400g除虫菊花序，并置于研钵中研磨15min，将研钵中的物料置于烧杯中，再加入700mL无水乙醇，搅拌混合5min后，置于超声波振荡仪中，在50℃、50KHz下超声提取2h，提取结束，将提取液过滤，收集滤液，并进行喷雾干燥，收集干燥物；最后按重量份数计，称取40份备用的发酵物、60份上述干燥物、0.5份对二甲氨基苯甲酸异辛酯、0.3份月桂氮酮、5份水杨酸和8份黄原胶，加入到反应釜中，在60℃下搅拌反应50min，反应结束，出料，并将物料置于真空冷冻干燥机中冻干后，球磨30min，即可得到长效安全蝇类诱杀剂。
将本发明制备的蝇类诱杀剂与水按质量比为1:8混合均匀后，放置于碟子中，放置量为每碟200g，控制每100m2设置2个引诱点，将碟子置于蝇类孳生的室内环境中，并且关闭门窗即可。经检测，3h后，室内蝇类死亡率达到总数的92%，未死亡的蝇类附着在碟子周围，不飞翔、不活动，24h后，蝇类全部死亡，药效持续20天，且不会对人体产生不良影响，及其安全。

Claims (1)

1.一种长效安全蝇类诱杀剂的制备方法，其特征在于具体制备步骤为：
（1）称取300～400g新鲜的鲢鱼头，人工去鳃，并收集鱼鳃，将去鳃的鲢鱼头用水清洗3～4次后，放置于高压锅中，再加入2～3L水和1～2g姜片，加热熬煮20～30min，熬煮结束，静待10～15min后放气使锅内压力降至常压，再将鱼头取出，并收集鱼汤；
（2）将上述鱼头加入到烧杯中，再加入质量分数为15%柠檬酸溶液将其浸没，浸泡25～30min后，将酸化后的鱼头取出，并与上述鱼鳃一同置于绞肉机中绞碎3～5min，收集鱼肉沫，将鱼肉沫、白砂糖与醋按质量比3:2:1～4:2:1混合后，置于烧杯中，再加入混合物质量80%的鱼汤，搅拌混合3～5min后，用塑料薄膜密封烧杯，并将烧杯置于恒温培养箱中内，控制培养箱内温度为35～45℃，发酵3～4天，发酵结束，收集发酵物，备用；
（3）取200～300g猪笼草的叶笼和300～400g除虫菊花序，并置于研钵中研磨10～15min，将研钵中的物料置于烧杯中，再加入600～700mL无水乙醇，搅拌混合3～5min后，置于超声波振荡仪中，在40～50℃、45～50KHz下超声提取1～2h，提取结束，将提取液过滤，收集滤液，并进行喷雾干燥，收集干燥物；
（4）按重量份数计，称取30～40份步骤（2）备用的发酵物、50～60份上述干燥物、0.3～0.5份对二甲氨基苯甲酸异辛酯、0.1～0.3份月桂氮酮、3～5份水杨酸和6～8份黄原胶，加入到反应釜中，在50～60℃下搅拌反应40～50min，反应结束，出料，并将物料置于真空冷冻干燥机中冻干后，球磨20～30min，即可得到长效安全蝇类诱杀剂。
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