CN106664498B - 用于产生与音频传输功能相关的头的人造耳装置及其相关方法 - Google Patents
用于产生与音频传输功能相关的头的人造耳装置及其相关方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
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- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
- H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
- H04R1/342—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for microphones
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- H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
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- H04R2205/00—Details of stereophonic arrangements covered by H04R5/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
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- H04S2400/00—Details of stereophonic systems covered by H04S but not provided for in its groups
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- H04S2420/00—Techniques used stereophonic systems covered by H04S but not provided for in its groups
- H04S2420/01—Enhancing the perception of the sound image or of the spatial distribution using head related transfer functions [HRTF's] or equivalents thereof, e.g. interaural time difference [ITD] or interaural level difference [ILD]
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Abstract
本发明提供用于实时地产生与音频传输功能相关的头的装置、系统和方法。具体来说,本发明利用包括耳屏结构和对耳轮结构的独特的结构部件,并结合麦克风,以使三维空间中的声音位置通讯给使用者。
Description
相关申请的交互参照
本申请基于目前在美国专利商标局内待审的临时专利申请,即为2014年8月8日提交的系列号62/035,025的专利申请,并根据35U.S.C.段落119(e)要求对其的优先权权益,本文以参见方式引入该专利申请。
技术领域
本发明提供用于实时产生与音频传输功能相关的头的系统和装置。具体来说,结合麦克风,利用独特的结构部件来重新响应人耳廓的某些音频特征,以促进声音在三维空间内定位与使用者的通讯联系。
背景技术
人类只有两只耳朵,但却可以在三维空间中在距离和方向上定位声音。这之所以成为可能是因为人脑、内耳和外耳(耳廓)一起工作而对声音的位置作出判断。通过接受来自一个耳朵的线索(单耳线索),以及通过比较两个耳朵接受的线索(双耳线索)之间的差异,由此估计出声音的位置。
双耳线索涉及两个耳朵之间声音先后到达的差异以及强度的差异,这有助于确定声源的相对定位。单耳线索涉及声源和人类解剖学结构之间的相互作用,其中,在声音进入耳道以被听觉系统处理之前,原始的声音被外耳修改。该种修改解码出声源相对于耳朵位置的定位,这种修改被称之为与头相关的音频传输功能(HRTF)。
换句话说,HRTF描述了对声源的过滤功能,为了表征出特定的耳朵如何接受来自空间特定点的声音,在声音被左右耳鼓膜感觉到之前,对声源进行过滤。这些修改可包括听音人耳朵的形状、听音人头部和身体的形状,以及声音传播的空间特征等等。所有的这些特征一起影响着听音人如何能正确地说出声音来自何方。因此,由两个耳朵产生的、造成所有这些特征的一对HRTF可用来合成双耳声音,并在声音来自于空间特定点时就能正确地识别出来。
HRTF具有很宽范围的应用,从媒体和游戏中的虚拟环绕声,到很响的噪音环境中的听力保护,以及对听觉缺损者的助听。尤其是,在听力保护和助听的领域内,记录和再建特殊使用者的HRTF的能力提出了好多个挑战,因为这种能力必须是实时出现的。在高噪音环境中听力保护的应用情形中,沉重的听力保护的硬件必须佩戴在耳朵上,其呈体积庞大的头戴式耳机的形式,因此,如果麦克风放置在头戴式耳机外边,则使用者将会听到外部的世界,但不会接受到正确的定位数据,因为HRTF没有被重建。类似地,在用于听力缺损者的助听的情形中,麦克风同样安装在助听器外边,完全阻塞使用者耳道的任何助听装置都将不能正确地再建该使用者的HRTF。
因此,为了正确地将声音的位置信息实时地传输给使用者,需要有一种根据使用者身体特征再建使用者HRTF的装置和系统。
发明内容
本发明通过提供用于产生与音频传输功能相关的头的装置、系统和方法,来满足上述存在的需求。本发明还提供实时增强音频并对使用者的身体特征和外部环境的音频特征定制增益的能力。
因此,从原始广义的含义上来说,本发明所涉及的装置也被称作HRTF发生器,其包括外部集管和内部集管。外部集管至少部分地暴露于外部环境,而内部集管基本上设置在装置的内部之内,和/或设置在所述装置的较大装置或系统外壳内。
外部集管包括对耳轮结构、耳屏结构和开口。开口与外部环境直接空气流通,且开口的结构构造成接受声波。耳屏结构设置成部分地包围开口,这样,耳屏结构将部分地阻碍和/或影响进入到开口内的进入声波的特征。对耳轮结构设置成进一步部分地包围耳屏结构以及开口,这样,耳屏结构将部分地阻碍和/或影响流入到耳屏结构和开口内的进入声波的特征。对耳轮结构和耳屏结构可包括半穹形或包括闭合侧和开口侧的部分穹形的任何变体。在一较佳实施例中,对耳轮结构的开口侧和耳屏结构的开口侧以彼此相对的关系设置。
外部集管的开口连接到外部集管内的开口通道并与其空气流通。开口通道可相对于使用者要求的定向基本上以垂直的定向设置。开口通道还与听道空气流通,听道形成在内部集管内但还部分地形成在外部集管内。
内部集管包括听道和麦克风外壳。麦克风外壳附连或连接到听道的端部,该端部位于与开口通道连接的相对端上。听道或听道部分的至少一部分,可相对于使用者要求的倾听方向基本上以平行的定向定位。麦克风外壳还可包括抵靠听道端部安装的麦克风。麦克风外壳可进一步包括位于麦克风后边的空气腔,其位于与听道连接相对的端部上,可用帽子进行密封。
在至少一个实施例中,装置或HRTF发生器可形成为较大系统的一部分。因此,系统可包括左HRTF发生器、右HRTF发生器、左预放大器、右预放大器、音频处理器、左回放模块,以及右回放模块。
这样,左HRTF发生器的结构可构造成拾取和过滤传输到使用者左边的声音。类似地,右HRTF发生器的结构可构造成拾取和过滤传输到使用者右边的声音。左预放大器的结构可以构造成增大左HRTF发生器的过滤过的声音的增益。右预放大器的结构可以构造成增大右HRTF发生器的过滤过的声音的增益。音频处理器的结构可构造成处理和增强从左预放大器和右预放大器接受的音频信号,然后,将相应的处理过的信号各传输到左回放模块和右回放模块。左回放模块和右回放模块或换能器的结构构造成将电信号转换为给使用者的声音,这样,使用者可感受到来自使用者环境的过滤过的和增强的声音,其包括允许使用者定位起源声源的音频数据。
在至少一个实施例中,本发明的系统可包括诸如具有嵌入在其中的HRTF发生器的头戴式受话器或头戴式耳机。可佩戴的装置可进一步包括预放大器、音频处理器、回放模块以及其他合适的电路和部件。
在另一实施例中,根据本发明,可使用用于产生与音频传输功能相关的头的方法。这样,外界声音首先通过HRTF发生器外部进行过滤,HRTF发生器可包括耳屏结构和对耳轮结构。过滤过的声音然后传送到HRTF发生器内部,诸如通过上述的开口通道和听道以形成输入的声音。输入的声音在嵌入在HRTF发生器内的麦克风处被接受,HRTF发生器邻近并连接到听道,以便形成输入信号。用预放大器放大输入信号,以形成放大的信号。然后用音频处理器来处理放大的信号,以形成处理的信号。最后,将处理过的信号传输到回放模块,以将音频和/或位置音频数据传输给使用者。
这里所述的方法可构造成实时地捕捉位置音频数据并将其传输给使用者,这样,可利用该方法作为助听,或在响噪音环境中过滤掉响噪音。
当考虑附图以及详细描述时,本发明上述的和其他的目的、特征以及优点将变得更加清晰。
附图说明
为了更加完整地理解本发明的特征,应该参照以下结合附图给出的详细描述,附图中:
图1是用于产生与音频传输功能相关的头的装置的外部立体图。
图2是用于产生与音频传输功能相关的头的装置的内部立体图。
图3是针对用于产生与音频传输功能相关的头的系统的方框图。
图4A示出包括用于产生与音频传输功能相关的头的装置的可佩戴装置的侧视图。
图4B示出包括用于产生与音频传输功能相关的头的装置的可佩戴装置的前视图。
图5示出针对用于产生与音频传输功能相关的头的方法的流程图。
在全部的几个附图中,相同的附图标记表示相同的零件。
具体实施方式
如附图所示,本发明涉及对使用者产生与音频传输功能相关的头的装置、系统和方法。具体来说,某些实施例涉及实时地捕捉外部环境中周围的声音,并通过形成在装置上的独特结构来过滤该声音,以产生音频定位数据,然后处理该声音来增强音频定位数据并将音频定位数据传送给使用者,这样,使用者可确定声音在三维空间中的起源。
正如示意地所指出的,图1和2示出了至少一个对使用者产生与音频传输功能相关的头的装置100的优选实施例,或者称作为“HRTF发生器”。因此,装置100包括外部集管110和内部集管120。外部集管110至少部分地设置在装置100的外部上。另一方面,内部集管120则沿着装置100的内部设置。为了进一步澄清,装置100的外部包括外部环境,这样,该外部直接暴露在周围环境的空气中。装置100的内部包括至少部分地密封的环境,该环境部分地或完全地阻挡声波的直接流动。
外部集管110可包括具有六个面的六面体形状。在至少一个实施例中,外部集管110大体上是立方体。外部集管110可包括至少一个凹入或凸出的表面,诸如是暴露在外部环境中的外表面。内部集管120可包括大致的圆柱形,圆柱形可以至少部分地为中空。外部集管110和内部集管120可包括声阻尼或隔音材料,诸如是为本技术邻域内技术人员所熟知的各种泡沫、塑料和玻璃。
把注意力集中到图1来,外部集管110包括对对耳轮结构101、耳屏结构102和可在外部看得见的开口103。该开口103与周围环境直接空气流通,这样,将会接收通过该开口103的空气中的声波流动或振动。耳屏结构102布置成部分地包围该开口103,而对耳轮结构101布置成部分地包围耳屏结构102和开口103。
在至少一个实施例中,对耳轮结构101包括具有闭合侧105和敞开侧106的半穹形结构。在一较佳实施例中,敞开侧106面对首选的倾听方向104,而闭合侧105面背离首选的倾听方向104。耳屏结构102也可包括具有闭合侧107和敞开侧108的半穹形结构。在一较佳实施例中,敞开侧108面背离首选的倾听方向104,而闭合侧107面向首选的倾听方向104。在其他的实施例中,不管首选的倾听方向104如何,对耳轮结构101的敞开侧106总可以与耳屏结构102的敞开侧108保持直接的面对关系。
针对本文件所定义的半穹形可包括半穹形结构或半穹形结构的任何的组合。例如,图1的对耳轮结构101包括半穹形,而耳屏结构102包括部分的穹形,其中的底部可小于半穹形的底部,但顶部可延伸到或超过半穹形的中间点,以提供增大的覆盖范围或包围住开口103和其他结构。当然,在其他的变体中,半穹形的顶部和底部可改变相应的尺寸,以形成全穹形结构的变化部分,从而形成变化的覆盖开口103的覆盖范围。这允许该装置产生不同的或增强的音频输入,用于计算声源相对于使用者的方向和距离。
在至少一个实施例中,对耳轮结构101和耳屏结构102可以是模块化的,这样,根据使用者对于特殊音频特征的偏好,可选出不同的大小和形状(不同半穹形或部分穹形的变化)。
现把注意力集中到图2来,开口103连接到外部集管110之内的开口通道111,并与其空气流通。在至少一个实施例中,开口通道111相对于使用者要求的倾听方向104基本上垂直定向设置。开口通道111还进一步连接在与听道121空气流动的连通中。一部分的听道121可形成在外部集管110内。在各种实施例中,开口通道111和听道121可以是单件构造。在其他的实施例中,未示出的听道连接器可用来连接该两个部分。至少一部分的听道121也可形成在内部集管120内。
如前所讨论的,内部集管120全部地或大体上形成在装置的内部,这样,它不直接暴露在外部空气中,并基本上不受外部环境的影响。在至少一个实施例中,形成在至少一部分内部集管120内的听道121,相对于使用者要求的倾听方向104基本上平行定向设置。在一较佳实施例中,听道121的长度大于其直径的两倍。
麦克风外壳122附连到听道121的端部。在麦克风外壳122之内,麦克风123(未示出)抵靠住听道121的端部安装。在至少一个实施例中,麦克风123与听道121齐平安装,于是,连接可以基本上是气密的以避免声音干扰。在一较佳实施例中,空气腔124形成在麦克风之后,并在内部集管120的端部处。将麦克风123插入到麦克风外壳122内,然后,在124处用帽子密封住麦克风外壳的端部。在至少一个实施例中,该帽子可以大致上气密的。在该空气腔内可使用具有不同音频特征的不同气体。
在至少一个实施例中,装置100可形成为如图3所示的较大系统300的一部分。因此,系统300可包括左HRTF发生器110、右HRTF发生器110’、左预放大器210、右预放大器210’、音频处理器220、左回放模块230以及右回放模块230’。
左HRTF发生器100和右HRTF发生器100’可包括上述的装置100,各具有诸如对耳轮结构101和耳屏结构102那样的独特结构。因此,HRTF发生器100/100’的结构可构造成为使用者产生与音频传输功能相关的头,这样,HRTF发生器100/100’所接受的声音可传输到使用者,以便正确地与声音的位置数据通讯。换句话说,HRTF发生器100/100’可复制和替换使用者自己左右耳的功能,其中,HRTF发生器收集声音,并对进入的声音执行相应的谱变换或过滤过程,以使垂直定位的过程能够发生。
然后,左预放大器210和右预放大器210’可用来增强来自HRTF发生器的过滤过的声音,以提高某些音频特征来改进定位的准确性,或过滤掉不要的噪音。预放大器210/210’可包括电子放大器,诸如是电压放大器、电流放大器、跨导放大器、跨阻放大器,和/或本技术邻域内技术人员所知的电路的任何组合,用来增强或降低声音或输入信号的增益。在至少一个实施例中,预放大器包括麦克风预放大器,其构造成准备有待被其他处理模块处理的麦克风信号。正如行内可能知道的,麦克风信号有时过于微弱而不能传输到其他单元,诸如是具有足够质量的记录或回放装置。通过提供稳定的增益,同时防止有可能使信号畸变的感应的噪音,麦克风预放大器因此将麦克风信号增强到线路水平。
音频处理器220可包括数字信号处理器和放大器,并可进一步包括音量控制器。音频处理器220可包括处理器和电路的组合,电路的组合构造成进一步增强来自麦克风预放大器的信号的音频质量,麦克风预放大器诸如是但不局限于:架上过滤器(shelf filter)平衡器、调制器。例如,在至少一个实施例中,音频处理器220可包括处理器,该处理器执行如本发明人的美国专利号8160274所介绍的用于处理信号的诸步骤。音频处理器220可纳入为使用者和/或环境定制的各种音频曲线,就如本发明人的美国专利号8565449中所描述的那样。音频处理器220可另外纳入适合于高噪音环境的处理,就如本发明人的美国专利号8462963中所描述的。使用者通过本技术领域内技术人员熟知的任何装置,便可控制和修改音频处理器220的各种参数,所述装置诸如是直接接口或无线通讯接口。
左回放模块230以及右回放模块230’可包括头戴式耳机、耳机、扬声器,或为本技术领域内技术人员熟知的任何其他换能器。左回放模块230和右回放模块230’的用途是将来自音频处理器220的电音频信号转换回到使用者可感知的声音。这样,可采用移动线圈式换能器、静电换能器、驻极体换能器,或本技术领域内技术人员熟知的其他换能器技术。
在至少一个实施例中,本系统200包括如图4A和4B中所示的装置200,其可以是具有嵌入在其中的装置100的头戴式受话器200以及各种放大器,放大器包括但不限于预放大器210/210’、处理器220、回放模块230/230’,以及其他合适的电路或电路组合,以便接受、传输、增强和再生声音。
在如图5所示的另一实施例中,显示了用来产生与音频传输功能相关的头的方法。因此,在201处,外来声音首先通过沿着HRTF发生器的外部形成的至少一个对耳轮结构和耳屏结构进行过滤,以便形成过滤的声音。接下来,在202处,过滤过的声音沿着HRTF发生器内部通过开口和听道,以便形成输入的声音。在203处,输入的声音在嵌入在HRTF发生器内的麦克风处被接受,以便形成输入信号。然后,在204处,用预放大器放大输入信号,以便形成放大的信号。在205处,用音频处理器处理放大的信号,以便形成处理的信号。最后,在206处,将处理的信号传输到回放模块,以便将音频信号和/或位置音频数据传输到使用者。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中,图5的方法可实时地执行定位声音的捕捉并传输给使用者。这有助于助听情形中的使用,诸如是听力有损的使用者的助听。这还有助于高噪音环境中的使用,诸如是过滤掉噪音和/或增强人声。
在至少一个实施例中,图5的方法还可进一步包括标定过程,使得每个使用者都可复制他或她独特的HRTF,从而在三维空间中提供正确的声音定位。该标定可包括调整如上所述的对耳轮结构和耳屏结构,它们可由模块化部件和/或可移动模块形成。因此,耳屏结构和/或对耳轮结构可再定位,和/或可使用不同形状和/或大小的结构。在其他的实施例中,上述的音频处理器220可以进一步进行标定,以调整某些声波相对于其他声波和/或信号的声音增益。
应该理解到,上述步骤可唯独地或非唯独地进行,可以任何次序进行。此外,方法中所列举的物理装置可包括本文件中描述的或为本技术领域内技术人员熟知的任何装置和/或系统。
由于可对所述的本发明优选实施例作出详细的许多修改、变化和改变,所以,本发明意将以上描述中和附图中所示的所有事项诠释为解释性的而非限制性的含义。因此,本发明的范围应由附后权利要求书及其法律上等价物来予以确定。
现在已对本发明进行了描述。
Claims (2)
1.一种用于对使用者产生与音频传输功能(HRTF)相关的头的方法,所述方法包括:
过滤通过沿着HRTF发生器的外部形成的至少一个耳屏结构和对耳轮结构的外界声音以形成过滤的声音,
使过滤的声音沿着HRTF发生器的内部通过开口和听道以形成输入的声音,
在嵌入在HRTF发生器内的麦克风处接受输入的声音以形成输入信号,用预放大器放大输入信号以形成放大的信号,
用音频处理器处理放大的信号以形成处理的信号,
将处理过的信号传输到回放模块,以及通过再定位所述耳屏结构来标定所述HRTF发生器。
2.一种用于对使用者产生与音频传输功能(HRTF)相关的头的方法,所述方法包括:
过滤通过沿着HRTF发生器的外部形成的至少一个耳屏结构和对耳轮结构的外界声音以形成过滤的声音,
使过滤的声音沿着HRTF发生器的内部通过开口和听道以形成输入的声音,
在嵌入在HRTF发生器内的麦克风处接受输入的声音以形成输入信号,
用预放大器放大输入信号以形成放大的信号,
用音频处理器处理放大的信号以形成处理的信号,
将处理过的信号传输到回放模块,以及
通过再定位所述对耳轮结构来标定所述HRTF发生器。
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2015
- 2015-07-31 WO PCT/US2015/043158 patent/WO2016022422A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-07-31 CN CN201580042484.9A patent/CN106664498B/zh active Active
- 2015-07-31 JP JP2017506873A patent/JP6726169B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-07-31 KR KR1020177004429A patent/KR20170041751A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-07-31 RU RU2017104360A patent/RU2698778C2/ru active
- 2015-07-31 EP EP15829017.1A patent/EP3178239A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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2017
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KR20170041751A (ko) | 2017-04-17 |
US9615189B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 |
RU2698778C2 (ru) | 2019-08-29 |
RU2017104360A3 (zh) | 2019-03-21 |
RU2017104360A (ru) | 2018-09-10 |
EP3178239A4 (en) | 2018-03-28 |
EP3178239A1 (en) | 2017-06-14 |
US20160044436A1 (en) | 2016-02-11 |
US20170272887A1 (en) | 2017-09-21 |
CN106664498A (zh) | 2017-05-10 |
JP2017528972A (ja) | 2017-09-28 |
WO2016022422A1 (en) | 2016-02-11 |
JP6726169B2 (ja) | 2020-07-22 |
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