CN106663709A - 太阳能电池组件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明的太阳能电池组件(10)包括:多个太阳能单电池(11);将相邻的太阳能单电池(11)彼此在纵向上连接而形成单电池串(20)的配线件(21);和配置在太阳能单电池(11)的背面侧、将入射光的至少一部分向太阳能单电池(11)侧反射的反射体(15)。在太阳能电池组件(10)中,单电池串(20)在横向上配置多个而构成单电池串组(30),相邻的单电池串(20)彼此的间隔(D20)在单电池串组(30)的纵向中央部比单电池串组(30)的纵向两端部宽地形成。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能电池组件。
背景技术
已知有在太阳能单电池的背面侧配置有将入射光的至少一部分反射的反射体的太阳能电池组件(例如,参照专利文献1)。在该太阳能电池组件中,能够使从未配置太阳能单电池的部分漏进背侧的入射光向单元侧反射,提高入射光的利用效率。另外,在现有的太阳能电池组件中,通过以一定的间隔排列多个地配置太阳能单电池的单电池串来构成单电池串组。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:(日本)特开2014-027155号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
在现有的太阳能电池组件中,通常,位于组件的端部与单电池串组的端部的太阳能单电池的间隔比相邻的单电池串彼此的间隔宽。即,在具有上述反射体的情况下,位于组件的中央部的太阳能单电池的周围的反射体的露出面积(从受光面侧看时的露出面积)小,位于组件的端部附近的太阳能单电池的周围的反射体的露出面积大。因此,位于组件的中央部的太阳能单电池与位于组件的端部附近的太阳能单电池相比入射光量少,例如存在短路电流(Isc)低,使热点的产生概率增加的问题。
用于解决课题的方法
本发明的一个方式的太阳能电池组件包括:多个太阳能单电池;将相邻的太阳能单电池彼此在纵向上连接而形成单电池串的配线件;和反射体,其配置在太阳能单电池的背面侧,将入射光的至少一部分向太阳能单电池侧反射,单电池串在横向上配置多个而构成单电池串组,相邻的单电池串彼此的间隔形成为在单电池串组的纵向中央部比在单电池串组的纵向两端部宽。
发明的效果
根据本发明的一个方式的太阳能电池组件,能够使入射光量相对于各太阳能单电池的差小,例如能够实现Isc的均匀化。
附图说明
图1是从受光面侧观察第1实施方式的太阳能电池组件的平面图。
图2是表示图1的AA线截面的一部分的图。
图3是表示图1的BB线截面的一部分的图。
图4是从受光面侧观察第2实施方式的太阳能电池组件的平面图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图详细说明实施方式的一个例子。
实施方式中参照的附图是示意性记载的附图,附图中描绘的构成要素的尺寸比例等有时与实际情况不同。应该参照以下的说明判断具体的尺寸比例等。
本说明书中,作为表示方向的用语,使用“纵向”、“横向”。纵向是指构成单电池串的太阳能单电池排列的方向。横向是指与纵向正交的方向,且是构成单电池串组的单电池串排列的方向。此外,“在第1部件上设置第2部件”这样的记载,只要没有特别限定,并不仅仅指第1与第2部件直接接触地设置的情况。即,该記載包括在第1与第2部件之间存在其他部件的情况。
下面,设太阳能电池组件中太阳光主要入射(超过50%~100%)的面为“受光面”、与受光面相反一侧的面为“背面”。受光面、背面的用语也对太阳能单电池等构成要素使用。
<第1实施方式>
以下参照图1~图3详细说明作为第1实施方式的太阳能电池组件10。
如图1~图3所示,太阳能电池组件10包括多个太阳能单电池11、设置于太阳能单电池11的受光面侧的第1保护部件12、和设置于太阳能单电池11的背面侧的第2保护部件13。多个太阳能单电池11被第1保护部件12和第2保护部件13夹着,并且由填充在各保护部件之间的填充材料14(图2参照)密封。此外,太阳能电池组件10包括配置在太阳能单电池11的背面侧、将入射光的至少一部分向太阳能单电池11侧反射的反射体15。
太阳能电池组件10包括将相邻的太阳能单电池11彼此纵向连接而形成单电池串20的配线件21。单电池串20是多个太阳能单电池11排成一列而构成的单电池串,横向配置有多个。配线件21例如在相邻的太阳能单电池11之间向组件的厚度方向弯曲,使用粘结剂分别安装于一个太阳能单电池11的受光面侧的电极和另一个太阳能单电池11的背面侧的电极(参照图2)。
太阳能电池组件10包括横向配置多个单电池串20而构成的单电池串组30。在本实施方式中,由横向排列的6列单电池串20构成单电池串组30。单电池串组30优选具有将相邻的单电池串20彼此横向连接的搭接配线件31。搭接配线件31的至少一部分例如被引入到设置于第2保护部件13的背侧的端子盒16。端子盒16优选内置有实现输出的稳定化的旁路二极管。
太阳能单电池11具有通过接受太阳光而生成载流子的光电转换部。光电转换部中,作为收集所生成的载流子的电极,具有形成于例如光电转换部的受光面上的受光面电极和形成于背面上的背面电极(均未图示)。各电极上连接有配线件21。但是,太阳能单电池11的结构不限定于此,也可以是例如仅在光电转换部的背面上形成有电极的结构。优选背面电极形成为比受光面电极大的大面积,电极面积大的面(或者用于形成电极的面)可以说是太阳能单电池11的背面。
光电转换部具有例如晶体硅(c-Si)、砷化镓(GaAs)、磷化铟(InP)等半导体基板、在半导体基板上形成的非晶半导体层、和在非晶半导体层上形成的透明导电层。作为具体例子,能够举出在n型单晶硅基板的一个面上依次形成有i型非晶硅层、p型非晶硅层和透明导电层,并在另一个面上依次形成有i型非晶硅层、n型非晶硅层和透明导电层的结构。透明导电层优选由在氧化铟(In2O3)或氧化锌(ZnO)等金属氧化物掺杂有Sn或Sb等而成的透明导电性氧化物构成。
第1保护部件12、第2保护部件13例如能够使用玻璃基板、树脂基板、树脂膜等。第1保护部件12适用具有透光性的部件,从耐火性、耐久性等观点出发,优选使用玻璃基板。玻璃基板的厚度例如为2~6mm程度。第2保护部件13可以使用透明的部件,也可以使用不透明的部件。第2保护部件13例如使用树脂膜。树脂膜的厚度例如为50~300μm程度。
填充材料14起到填埋太阳能单电池11与各保护部件的间隙来密封太阳能单电池11的作用。填充材料14优选以能够适用于后述的层叠工序的树脂为主成分。作为该树脂,能够示例乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)等。填充材料14优选包含配置在太阳能单电池11与第1保护部件12之间的填充材料14a和配置在太阳能单电池11与第2保护部件13之间的填充材料14b。
反射体15使从太阳能电池组件10的受光面侧入射的光中的、从未配置太阳能单电池11的部分漏进背侧的光的至少一部分向受光面侧反射,发挥提高入射光的利用效率的作用(参照图3的光α)。由反射体15反射的光的一部分,例如在第1保护部件12的界面等再次反射后入射到太阳能单电池11或直接入射到太阳能单电池11。在本实施方式中,在从受光面侧看太阳能电池组件10时,在未配置太阳能单电池11的部分存在反射体15或搭接配线件31。搭接配线件31通常将入射光的至少一部分反射,该反射光的一部分入射到太阳能单电池11。
反射体15优选对波长380~2000nm的光的至少一部分具有10%以上的反射率,特别优选可见光(波长380~780nm)、其中尤其优选波长500~600nm的光的反射率高。反射体15的可见光反射率优选为50%以上,更优选为60%以上,特别优选为70%以上。反射体15的可见光的反射为扩散反射、正反射中的任一反射均可,上述反射率是指全反射率。
反射体15在太阳能单电池11的背面侧、至少设置于对应于相邻的多个太阳能单电池11之间(间隙S20)的部分和对应于太阳能电池组件10的端部10e与位于单电池串组30的端部的太阳能单电池11之间(间隙S10)的部分。由此,在从受光面侧看太阳能电池组件10时,反射体15在太阳能单电池11的周围露出。在本实施方式中,在填充材料14b与第2保护部件13之间设置有反射体15。另外,也可以使构成第2保护部件13或填充材料14b的至少一方的树脂中含有后述的光反射材而作为反射体15。
反射体15优选设置于包括被太阳能单电池11覆盖的部分在内的第2保护部件13上的几乎整个区域。反射体15例如具有在树脂覆膜中分散有将入射光的至少一部分反射的材料(以下,称为“光反射材”)的层结构。具有该层结构的反射体15能够在第2保护部件13上涂敷含有光反射材的印刷墨而设置。此外,反射体15也可以为银、铜、镍、铝等的金属层。其中特别优选铝。
作为上述光反射材,优选使用三氧化二锑、氧化锆、硫化锌、氧化锌、氧化钛、硫化钡、氧化铝等白色颜料。其中,特别优选氧化锌、氧化钛。在光反射材料中,考虑到太阳能电池组件10的设计性,也可以使用白色颜料以外的有色颜料(例如,黑色颜料)。此外,反射体15也可以从受光面侧起例如依次包括含有红外线的透射率高的有色颜料(例如,苝黑等黑色颜料)的层和含有上述白色颜料的层的层叠结构。
以下,对从受光面侧看太阳能电池组件10时的形状、特别是单电池串组30的形状进一步进行详细说明。
如图1所示,太阳能电池组件10也可以为俯视八边形。太阳能电池组件10的形状没有特别限定,也可以为四边形、五边形、六边形(参照后述的图4)椭圆形等。太阳能电池组件10的俯视形状例如由第1保护部件12(玻璃基板)的俯视形状决定。无论为何种形状,从安全性等观点出发,均优选在太阳能电池组件10的端部10e与位于单电池串组30的端部的太阳能单电池11之间设置规定的间隙S10。
单电池串组30形成为相邻的单电池串20彼此的间隔D20(间隙S20),在单电池串组30的纵向中央部比在单电池串组30的纵向两端部宽。即,从受光面侧看太阳能电池组件10时,从各单电池串20的间隙S20露出的反射体15的面积,在单电池串组30的纵向中央部比在单电池串组30的纵向两端部宽。通过使间隔D20这样变化,能够使在单电池串组30的位于纵向两端部的太阳能单电池11与位于纵向中央部的太阳能单电池11各自周围的反射体15的露出面积的差变小。由此,例如能够使入射光量相对于各太阳能单电池11的差小。另外,设置有搭接配线件31的部分例如也具有与反射体15的露出部分同样的光反射功能。
间隔D20优选从单电池串组30的纵向两端部随着靠近纵向中央部而变宽地形成。即,间隔D20优选在单电池串组30的纵向中央部并不急剧地扩大,而是从单电池串组30的纵向两端部起随着靠近纵向中央部而逐渐变宽。由此,例如能够使入射光量相对于各太阳能单电池11的差进一步变小。
在本实施方式中,配置在单电池串组30的横向一侧的各单电池串20以其长度方向中央部向该横向一侧凸出的方式形成。另一方面,配置在单电池串组30的横向另一侧的各单电池串20以其长度方向中央部向该横向另一侧凸出的方式形成。而且,单电池串组30的纵向中央部向横向两侧膨出。也可以越是离单电池串组30的横向两端部近的单电池串20就令膨出的程度越大地形成,并且越是离横向中央部近的单电池串20就令膨出的程度越小地形成。
如图3所示,优选太阳能电池组件10的端部10e和位于单电池串组30的端部的太阳能单电池11的间隔D10与各间隔D20之差小。
构成单电池串组30的各单电池串20例如通过使配线件21不沿纵向笔直配置而稍向横向偏移地将相邻的太阳能单电池11彼此连接而形成,以使得间隔D20在纵向中央部比纵向两端部宽。此外,也可以在相邻的太阳能单电池11之间,使配线件21横向弯曲地使间隔D20变化。
具有上述结构的太阳能电池组件10能够通过使用第1保护部件12、第2保护部件13和构成填充材料14a、14b的树脂片层叠单电池串组30来制造。单电池串组30使用搭接配线件31将多个单电池串20横向连接而形成。如上所述各单电池串20例如通过使配线件21不沿纵向笔直配置而稍向横向偏移地将相邻的太阳能单电池11彼此连接而形成。层叠装置中,在加热器上依次层叠第1保护部件12、构成填充材料14a的树脂片、单电池串组30、构成填充材料14b的树脂片、第2保护部件13。该层叠体例如在真空状态下被加热到构成填充材料14a、14b的树脂片软化的温度。之后,在大气压下一边向加热器侧按压各构成部件一边持续加热并层叠各部件,得到太阳能电池组件10。
如上所述,根据具备上述结构的太阳能电池组件10,能够使构成单电池串组30的各太阳能单电池11的周围的反射体15的露出面积(不存在太阳能单电池11的部分的面积)的差小。由此,使入射光量相对于各太阳能单电池11的差小,例如能够实现Isc的均匀化,降低热点的产生概率。
<第2实施方式>
以下,参照图4对第2实施方式的太阳能电池组件50进行详细说明。下面,对与上述实施方式相同的构成要素使用相同的符号,并省略说明。
如图4所示,在太阳能电池组件50与太阳能电池组件10的不同点在于,单电池串组52被分割为纵向排列的多个块53、54。在本实施方式中,单电池串组52在纵向中央部被分割为2个,构成块53、54的各单电池串51的太阳能单电池11数量相同(例如,4个)。优选在块53、54的纵向两侧分别设置有搭接配线件31。在图4中省略端子盒的记述,不过在太阳能电池组件50例如也有一部分搭接配线件31被引入到端子盒。块53、54彼此例如通过设置于第2保护部件13的背侧的线缆等被电连接。
在图4所示的例子中,在块53、54之间纵向相邻配置的搭接配线件31彼此被使用粘合胶带55固定。此外,横向相邻配置的搭接配线件31彼此也被使用粘合胶带55固定。各块的单电池串51通过在各块间纵向相邻配置的搭接配线件31和粘合胶带55、以成为2列一组的方式纵向连接。
在单电池串组52的情况下,相邻的单电池串51彼此的间隙S51(间隔D51)也形成为在单电池串组52的纵向中央部比单电池串组52的纵向两端部宽。在本实施方式中,单电池串组52在纵向中央部被分割为块53、54,间隔D51从单电池串组52的纵向两端部随着靠近各块的边界位置(单电池串组52的纵向中央部)而变宽地形成。更详细而言,通过搭接配线件31和粘合胶带55纵向连接的单电池串51的上述各组的间隙随着靠近单电池串组52的纵向中央部而变宽。
太阳能电池组件50与太阳能电池组件10同样,能够使构成单电池串组52的各太阳能单电池11的周围的反射体15的露出面积的差小。此外,由于单电池串组52被分割为多个块53、54,在各块的边界位置光的反射量增加,能够使入射光量相对于配置在该境界位置的附近的太阳能单电池11进一步增加。另外,也可以在各块使得单电池串51的数量、长度等彼此不同。此外,块的数量并不限定于2个,也可以为3个以上。
附图标记的说明
10、50 太阳能电池组件
10e 端部
11 太阳能单电池
12 第1保护部件
13 第2保护部件
14 填充材料
15 反射体
16 端子盒
20、51 单电池串
21 配线件
30、52 单电池串组
31 搭接配线件
53、54 块
55 粘合胶带
S10、S20、S51 间隙
D10、D20、D51 间隔。
Claims (4)
1.一种太阳能电池组件,其特征在于,包括:
多个太阳能单电池;
将相邻的所述太阳能单电池彼此在纵向上连接而形成单电池串的配线件;和
反射体,其配置在所述太阳能单电池的背面侧,将入射光的至少一部分向所述太阳能单电池侧反射,
所述单电池串在横向上配置多个而构成单电池串组,
相邻的单电池串彼此的间隔形成为在所述单电池串组的纵向中央部比在所述单电池串组的纵向两端部宽。
2.如权利要求1所述的太阳能电池组件,其特征在于:
相邻的所述单电池串彼此的间隔形成为从所述单电池串组的纵向两端部随着靠近纵向中央部而变宽。
3.如权利要求2所述的太阳能电池组件,其特征在于:
配置在所述单电池串组的横向一侧的所述各单电池串以其长度方向中央部向该横向一侧凸出的方式形成,
配置在所述单电池串组的横向另一侧的所述各单电池串以其长度方向中央部向该横向另一侧凸出的方式形成。
4.如权利要求1~3中的任一项所述的太阳能电池组件,其特征在于:
所述单电池串组被分割为纵向排列的多个块,
相邻的所述单电池串彼此的间隔形成为从所述单电池串组的纵向两端部随着靠近所述各块的边界位置而变宽。
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